US2028769A - Treatment of textile or other materials - Google Patents

Treatment of textile or other materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US2028769A
US2028769A US54080031A US2028769A US 2028769 A US2028769 A US 2028769A US 54080031 A US54080031 A US 54080031A US 2028769 A US2028769 A US 2028769A
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United States
Prior art keywords
materials
treatment
metal
compound
cellulose
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English (en)
Inventor
Ellis George Holland
Storey Ralph Charles
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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Publication of US2028769A publication Critical patent/US2028769A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
    • D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
    • D06M11/71—Salts of phosphoric acids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2762—Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2762—Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]
    • Y10T442/277—Coated or impregnated cellulosic fiber fabric

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment of textile materials of natural origin and to the treatment of textile and other materials of artificial origin, and more especially those made of or con- 5 taining cellulose esters or ethers, and is particularly concerned with the fixation of insoluble metallic compounds therein.
  • the material the latter is in general first treated with a metallic compound, for example stannic chloride, and is then treated with a precipitant for the tin or other metal.
  • the fixation is customarily effected with cold or with warm fixing solutions for example at 60 C.
  • the maximum ironing temperature of the materials may be very considerably increased with comparatively small amounts of weighting compounds, provided that the latter are'incorporated in the material in a voluminous form, that is to say they'permeate substantially the whole of the substance of the material to which they have been applied.
  • weighting compounds When the weighted material is incinerated a voluminous ash is obtained.
  • Various means may be adopted to achieve this result and in general it appears necessary that notonly shall the material under In fixing the insoluble metallic compounds in treatment be thoroughly impregnated with the weighting metal itself, but in addition thorough impregnation with the precipitant should be. effected.
  • high temperatures for applying the precipitant or for the fixation 5 with the precipitant are particularly conducive to this result.
  • temperatures of over C. and particularly temperatures of to 100 C. may be used.
  • the best results obtained so far have been produced by applying the fixing 10 solution at a temperature of about to C.
  • Another factor which comes into consideration in producing the insoluble metal compound in the material in the form of a voluminous precipitate consists in applying the fixing solution and/or 15 I the solution of the weighting metal in the form of a comparatively dilute solution.
  • solutions of disodium phosphate or trisodium phosphate, or sodium sulphate, for example may be used in concentrations up to 15%, and prefer- 20 ably concentrations of 0.5 to 5 or 10%.
  • concentrations up to 15% and prefer- 20 ably concentrations of 0.5 to 5 or 10%.
  • both these factors are utilized for the purpose of obtaining the voluminous precipitates characteristic of the present invention.
  • the invention as already indicated is of great- 5 est value in its application to textile or other materials made of or containing cellulose acetate or other esters of cellulose, for example cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, or cellulose butyrate, or made of or containing cellulose 30 ethers, for example methyl, ethyl or ,benzyl cellulose, since an increase in the ironing point of these materials considerably enhances their value.
  • Films, sheets and like materials may also have their resistance to heat improved by means 35 of the present processes, and this.
  • particular application of the invention is of the greatest advantage when used, as hereinafter described, in conjunction with a process adapted to fireproof the materials.
  • the process may also be applied 40 to the treatment of natural silk goods and is of value in the treatment of artificial cellulosic materials, for example viscose, cuprammonium and nitro cellulose artificial silks.
  • materials containing any of the above fibres in associ- 45 ation with each other and/or'in association with other materials, such as cotton orwool, may be treated.
  • the metal a compound of which is to be incorporated in the goods in accordance with the 50 present invention, may be any metal capable of yielding insoluble compounds, for example tin, aluminium, barium, calcium, magnesium, chro mium and iron.; If desired, it may be chosen in accordance with any object it is desired to achieve 55 acteristic of the materials treated according to the invention. For example if a simple weighting of the material is to be achieved, tin or other suitable weighting metals may be used, while if it is desired to colour the goods with mordant dyes, mordant metals may be incorporated, for example tin, iron, chromium or aluminium.
  • This aspect of the invention is most valuable in connection with artificial silks and other artificial fibres, especially those made of or containing cellulose acetate or other organic derivatives of cellulose, including nitro acetate of cellulose and also films and sheets and like materials. Nitro cellulose films and sheets may also be treated by the process.
  • the fireproofing may be effected in any convenient manner simultaneously with or separately from the process for raising the ironing point or resistance to heat.
  • the best fireproofing agents to use are compounds or mixtures of compounds containing a volatile element or group of elements, for example ammonia or I organic bases, and containing or leaving a substance or residue capable of comparatively easy fusion.
  • the substances which are most valuable for this purpose are those described in British patent No.
  • 391,105 which consists of the borates or phosphates of volatile basesor ,mixtures of boric or phosphoric acid with salts having volatile bases or of borates or phosphates with salts having volatile bases.
  • such compounds or mixtures are employed with salts of (ammonia and especially ammonium halides, as for example ammonium bromide.
  • ammonia and especially ammonium halides as for example ammonium bromide.
  • the best agents which we have yet found for this purpose are mixtures of ammonium borate with ammonium bromide 'or of ammonium phosphate with ammonium bromide.
  • the fireproofing treatment may be applied simultaneously with any part of the ironproofing treatment characteristic of the invention.
  • fireproofing substance for example ammonium bromide and ammonium phosphate, a suitable to electrolytes, so that they are compatible with the solutions applied for fireproofing purposes.
  • soluble metallic compound adapted to yield on For this purpose we have found that the modern wetting agents which are highly sulphonated are particularly suitable, and especially highly V sulphonated aliphatic hydrocarbons, acids or alcohols.
  • the sulphonated amides of higher fatty 5 acids for instance the sulphonated ethylene diamide of oleic acid, are also suitable.
  • any convenient method of application may be utilized to impregnate the materials with the treatment with a suitable precipitant the ironpr'oofing compound of the invention.
  • a suitable precipitant the ironpr'oofing compound of the invention In the case of natural silk goods or artificial cellulosic materials, simple impregnation with soluble salts of the desired metals is usually suflicient.
  • special measures have in general to be taken to introduce the metals in a satisfactory manner, and reference is made to U. S. Patents Nos. 1,631,-
  • the metal salt solution used to apply the metal may itself be a swelling or gelling agent for the material, as for example in the case of stannic chloride, stannic chlorothiocyanate or barium thiocyanate, or a gelling or swelling agent may be caused to act upon the material either simultaneously or prior to the treatment with the metallic salt solution.
  • a combination of such methods of increasing the. absorptive power of the fibre or material for the metal salt may be employed.
  • Suitable gelling or swelling agents for cellulose esters or ethers are given in the patents referred to. They may for example 40 be aqueous solutions of thiocyanates, of glycollic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol,
  • glycols e.g. glycol mono methyl ether, glycol mono. ethyl ether, glycol mono acetate, and methyl-glyco1 mono acetate or diethyl lactate or other ester swelling agents.
  • solutions of the soluble metal compounds I may be applied by simple bath treatments orby local application of the metal may be achieved,
  • a further method for impregnatingfithe materials with the metal consists in incorporating a compound of the metal in question in the'spinning. solution used for the manufacture of the materials. Such a method is described in US. application S. No. 455,969 filed 26th May, 1930.
  • the spinning solutions may be spun by dry or wet methods, the coagulating bath in the latter case being so chosen that substantial elimination of the metal from the filaments or other products does not take place.
  • any suitable precipitants may be used, for example disodium hydrogen phosphate or trisodium hydrogen phosphate (especially when the metal has been applied by padding; spraying or other mechanical impregnation methods without subsequent washing as described in U. S. application S. No. 406,537 filed 11th November, 1929), ammonium phosphates, sodium sulphate, particularly for use with barium as the metal, and sodium carbonate, more especially for use when mordant metals are applied.
  • the precipitants may be applied in the form of a bath, or again as with the metal compound itself, may be applied by spraying, printing, padding or other mechanical impregnation methods, and reference is made to of such processes in U. .8. application S. No. 406,537 filed 11th Novembe 1929 and Patent No. 1,847,816. .
  • the best results are obtained by effecting the fixation at comparatively high temperatures, such as 80 to 90 C. These temperatures may be achieved either during the actual application of the fixing or precipitating solution, or the goods carrying the metals may be first impregnatedwit-h the fixing solution and subse quently raised to the desired temperature to effect the fixation.
  • the invention contemplates not only bathtreatments at the high temperatures.
  • the precipitant may be contained in the coagulating medium when using wet spinning processes or in a subsequent treatment bath, applied either continuously or with the spinning, when spin-
  • the weighted material yields upon incineration a very voluminousv ash, so that the whole of the substance of the material may be presumed to be impregnated with the insoluble metallic compound. This is probably responsible for the very high*ironing points obtained.
  • the ironing point of a cellulose acetate fabric may be raised by 3 or 4 times as much as when the materials are weighted by the previous methods with two or three times the amount of the weighting agent.
  • the safe ironing point may be raised by means of the present invention to 300 0., and in fact the fabric or other material may remain unmelted at as high as 340 or 350 or even 360 C., and this with an ash of 0.5 to- 2%, and especially 1 to 115%.
  • the extreme value of the present invention in the treatment of materials of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or ethers will readily be appreciated.
  • Such materials having an ironing point above 260 to 280 C. are entirely novel products and form an important part of the present invention.
  • the materials treated in accordance with the present invention may have various properties depending upon the type of insoluble metallic compound which has been incorporated therein.
  • they may be delustered due to the presence of an opaque metallic salt, they may have the property of fixing mordant dyestuffs to obtain the true lake shades, or they may have improved impermeability to water, particularly if insoluble metallic soaps have been fixed therein in accordance with the process claimed broadly in U. S. applications filed 16th July, 1929.
  • the materials may have acquired an afiinity for a large number of direct and acid dyestuffs, which is especially useful from the point of view of obtaining discharge effects thereon.
  • Cellulose ester materials may, previous or subsequent to the application of the weighting metal, be saponified as described in U. S. application S. No.
  • 363,706 filed 16th May, 1929 such saponification being effected, if desired, simultaneously with the fixation of the metal, for example by fixing with a solution of trisodium phosphate at a suitable concentration, or with any other suitable precipitant in conjunction with caustic alkali or other saponifying agent.
  • the materials may then exhibit an afiinity for direct cotton colours, vat colours of all kinds, the sulphur colours and mordant colours, both natural and artificial, and reference is made to U. S. application S. No. 363,706 filed 16th May, 1929 for further details in this respect and also for details of obtaining discharge effects upon materials so coloured.
  • Example 1 the batching operation. They are then batched at G. for 4 to 5 hours, after which the fabric is passed withbut intermediate washing into a bath of 30:1 volume ratio containing a 5% solution of trisodium phosphate at 85 C. The fabric is treated in this bath for 10 minutes, washed cold, and finally soaped in a solution containing 1 gram per litre of soap at C. ;for 15 minutes.
  • Example 2 justed so that the fabric feels quite 'dry on emerging'.
  • the fabric is then passed directly into water at 90 to 100 C. for 10 minutes, treated at the same temperature in a bath containing 37% of trisodium phosphate on the weight of the goods and a volume ratio of :1 for 15 to minutes.
  • the goods are then washed ofi thoroughly, and finally soaped in a solution containing-1 gram per litre of soap for 15 minutes at 45 C.
  • the fabric so treated has acquired a matt appearance and is analogous in properties to that described in Example 1.
  • the fabric may then be dyed by any suitable method, as for example by means of the dispersed insolubie colours now customarilyapplied to cel-' lulose acetate.
  • Example 3 A fabric is treated exactly as described in Ex ample 2 with the exception that instead of 20:1
  • an insoluble compound of a metal by impregnating the material with a compound of the metal and fixing the metal therein, by means of a dilute solution or an alkaline fixing agent, at a temperature of 85 to 100 C., the conditions of treatment beingsuch that the amount of metal compound incorporated in the material imparts thereto an ash content of 0.5 to 2%.
  • Process for increasing the heat resistance of 4 materials comprising cellulose acetate, which comprises incorporating therein a small proportion of an insoluble compound of a metal by impregnating the material with a compound of the metal and fixing the metal therein, by means of a dilute solution of an alkaline fixing agent,.at a temperature of 75' to 100 C., the conditions of treatment being such that the amount of metal compound incorporated in the materialimparts there- :which comprises incorporating therein a small proportion of, aninsoluble compound of tin by impregnating the material with a compound .of tin and fixing the,tin therein, by means of a dilute alkaline solution of a phosphate, at a tom perature 0105 to 100 C., the conditions of treatment being such that the amount of tin compound incorporated in the material imparts there-- ment being such that the amount of tin compound incorporated in the material imparts thereto an' ash content of 0.5 to 2%.
  • Process for increasing the heat resistance of textile materi comprising cellulose acetate, which comprises incorporating therein' a small proportion of an insoluble compound of tin byimpregnating the material with a compound of tin and fixing the tin therein, by means of a 5 to 10% solution of trisodium phosphate, at a temperature of 35 to 100 C., the conditions of treatment being such that the amount of tin compound incorporated in the material imparts thereto an ash content of 0.5 to 2%.
  • Process for increasing the heat resistance of textile materials comprising cellulose acetate, which comprises incorporating therein a small proportion of an insoluble compound of a metal by impregnating the materials with a dilute solution of a compound of the metal and fixing the metal therein, by means of a dilute solution of an alkaline fixing agent, at a temperature of '75 to 100 C., the conditions of treatment being such that the amount of metai compound incorporated in the material imparts thereto an ash content of 0.5 to 2%.
  • Process for increasing the heat resistance of textile materials comprising cellulose acetate, which comprises incorporating therein a small proportion ,of an insoluble compound of .'tin by impregnating the materials with a dilute solution parts thereto an ash content of 0.5 to 2%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
US54080031 1931-02-20 1931-05-28 Treatment of textile or other materials Expired - Lifetime US2028769A (en)

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GB540331A GB374049A (en) 1931-02-20 1931-02-20 Improvements in the treatment of textile materials

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515181A (en) * 1948-04-13 1950-07-18 Albany Felt Co Method of treating wool and fabrics formed therefrom to increase their resistance to decomposition by heat
US2662834A (en) * 1951-08-22 1953-12-15 Celanese Corp Flameproofing process

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515181A (en) * 1948-04-13 1950-07-18 Albany Felt Co Method of treating wool and fabrics formed therefrom to increase their resistance to decomposition by heat
US2662834A (en) * 1951-08-22 1953-12-15 Celanese Corp Flameproofing process

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Publication number Publication date
GB374049A (en) 1932-05-20
FR728349A (fr) 1932-07-04

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