US2031179A - Method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid - Google Patents
Method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2031179A US2031179A US754280A US75428034A US2031179A US 2031179 A US2031179 A US 2031179A US 754280 A US754280 A US 754280A US 75428034 A US75428034 A US 75428034A US 2031179 A US2031179 A US 2031179A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydrochloric acid
- phosphoric acid
- acid
- aqueous hydrochloric
- evaporating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 84
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 86
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 43
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical class [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001617 alkaline earth metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
Definitions
- Apparatus of tungsten, tantalum and so forth are therefore used in practice only'to a limited extent, and the object of the present invention is to make possible the evaporation oi aqueous hydrochloric acid in evaporation vessels made of relatively cheap and easily workable metals.
- an apparatus suitable for evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid must fulfil the fol- 5 lowing conditions: it must on the one hand be made of a technically easily accessible and workable metal and it must moreover be of normal kind of construction and so must be capable of being heated with steam.
- the heating is advantageously efiected by heating the upper part of the evaporating apparatus by means of steam tubes welded upon or fitted on, which tubes are well heat insulated on the outside.
- a temperature is maintained which lies above the temperature of condensation of the hydrochloric acid, that is, at normal pressure, above 110 C.
- the precipitated alkaline earth metal sulphate forms a suspension in the phosphoric acid which suspension together with the copper chloride resulting from a certain not entirely avoidable corrosion of the apparatus, and likewise forming a suspension in the phosphoric acid, and other impurities contained in the hydrochloric acid. would gradually render the phos- .phoric acid unsuitable for carrying out the process, it is recommended to remove the deposit formed in the phosphoric acid in a suitable manner, for example by filtration or centrifuging. and this can be effected periodically or also continuously during the operation, by continuous removal of a small quantity of phosphoric acid which is returned after having been cleansed.
- the evaporation can be carried out in various ways.
- the process may be a discontinuous one. in which a mixture of D1 phoric acid and hydrochloric acid is first introduced into the still of the evaporating apparatus and then subjected to evaporation.
- a continuous method is employed in which concentrated phosphoric acid, which-may if desired contain some barium chloride, is introduced into the-evaporating vessel, this is then heated and then with continued vigorous heating the aqueous hydrochloric acid. preferably prewarmed. is caused tofiow into the hot phosphoric acid.
- the concentration ofthe phosphoric acid employed can be suitably selected within wide limits, with corresponding regulation of the heat-- ing and corresponding regulation of the quantity of hydrochloric acid flowing in, for the final concentration adjusts itself automatically in the aosmvc course of the'evaporation in dependence on the heating temperature employed.
- the actual evaporation chamber consists of a horizontal cylindrical vessel of copper having a length of about 3.5 metres and a diameter of about 1.4 metres.
- the bottom of the vessel is provided with steam tubes which have an external diameter of about 50 mm. and a length of about 80 metres.
- the strength of the acid is adjustable by variation of the quantity of heating steam or the quantity of hydrochloric acid flowing in as may be desired, it is also possible to start with a weaker or stronger acid.
- the contents of the boiler are then heated to about 150 centigrade after which with further heating about 1000 kilos of 17% hydrochloric acid are allowed to flow hourly into the phosphoric acid preferably distributed at diiferent places. After attaining the condition of equilibrium the vapours drawn oil. show the same composition as the hydrochloric acid added.
- A. method evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of. phosphoric acid.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of phosphoric acid of over 60%.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of phosphoric acid the parts of the apparatus not touched by the phosphoric acid being heated to a'temperature lying above the temperature of condensation for aqueous hydrochloric acid.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid, containing and as an impurity consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of of phosphoric acid to which salts of metals are added which are soluble in excess phosphoric acid and which form with sulphuric acid salts difilcultly soluble in phosphoric acid.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid containing sulfuric acid as an impurity consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of phosphoric acid to which alkaline earth metal salts which are soluble in excess phosphoric acid are added.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid containing sulfuric acid as an impurity consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of phosphoric acid to which alkaline earth metal chlorides are added.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid consisting in carrying out the evaporation in 'a continuous process in an apparatus made of copper inthe presence of phosphoric acid.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid containing sulfuric acid as an impurity consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of phosphoric acid to which are added salts of metals which are soluble in excess phosphoric acid and which with sulphuric acid form salts which are diflicultly soluble in phosphoric acid the deposits which form and which are difllcultly soluble in phosphoric acid being removed by filtration.
- a method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid containing sulfuric acid as an impurity consisting in carrying out the evaporation in an apparatus made of copper in the presence of phosphoric acid to which are added salts of metals which are soluble in excess phosphoric acid and which with sulphuric acid form salts which are dlfilcultly soluble in phosphoric acid, the deposits which form and which are diflicultly soluble 1 in phosphoric acid being continuously removed by filtration.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DER0089324 | 1933-11-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2031179A true US2031179A (en) | 1936-02-18 |
Family
ID=7418135
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US754280A Expired - Lifetime US2031179A (en) | 1933-11-27 | 1934-11-22 | Method of evaporating aqueous hydrochloric acid |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2031179A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR808504A (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB429816A (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2559720A (en) * | 1943-02-26 | 1951-07-10 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Apparatus for treating gases |
-
1934
- 1934-11-22 US US754280A patent/US2031179A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1934-11-22 GB GB33633/34A patent/GB429816A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-11-27 FR FR808504D patent/FR808504A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2559720A (en) * | 1943-02-26 | 1951-07-10 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Apparatus for treating gases |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB429816A (en) | 1935-06-06 |
| FR808504A (fr) | 1937-02-09 |
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