US2043347A - Directional radio transmission system - Google Patents

Directional radio transmission system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2043347A
US2043347A US584364A US58436432A US2043347A US 2043347 A US2043347 A US 2043347A US 584364 A US584364 A US 584364A US 58436432 A US58436432 A US 58436432A US 2043347 A US2043347 A US 2043347A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
mirror
radiation
doublet
source
high frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US584364A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Clavier Andre Gabriel
Darbord Rene Henri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Inc
Original Assignee
Western Electric Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Electric Co Inc filed Critical Western Electric Co Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2043347A publication Critical patent/US2043347A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/68—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces

Definitions

  • FIG. 10 I W y I w %f c 41 A.G.CLAV/ER INVENTORs- H DARBORD er%77/I4w w A TTORNEV Patented June 9, 1936 DIRECTIONAL RADIO TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Andr Gabriel Clavier and Ren Henri Darbord, Paris, France, assignors to Western Electric Company, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application January 2, 1932, Serial No. 584,364 In France January 21, 1931 5 Claims.
  • This invention relates to high frequency systems such as signaling systems and more particularly to systems utilizing oscillatory energy of very short or ultra-short wave-lengths.
  • the present invention relates particularly to means for utilizing efificiently from a transmission standpoint, and economically from an energy standpoint, a much greater portion of the high frequency energy radiated by (or received from) one or more sources of electro-magnetlc oscillations of very high frequency than has heretofore been the practice.
  • An object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency and/or effectiveness of a high frequency signaling system.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the losses ordinarily incurred in radiating and/or receiving high frequency oscillatory energy, and particularly to increase, in high frequency electrical signaling systems of the type mentioned above, the useful portion of the energy radiated by a source.
  • means are provided in a directional high frequency signaling system for greatly concentrating in a predetermined portion of space such as a solid angle a maximum quantity of the energy radiated by the ⁇ said source or sources.
  • a predetermined portion of space such as a solid angle
  • the energy radiated from the source is made more intense by placing a portion of a spherical mirror on the axis of the paraboloidal mirror, the spherical mirror being adapted to concentrate a portion of the energy radiated by said source upon the source itself.
  • Similar means may be employed in receiving systems for concentrating upon an absorbing member or members a relatively large portion of the energy present n the vicinity of the receiving system.
  • a portion of the radiation of such a source is concentrated in a predetermined portion of space, whereas one or several other portions of the said radiation are concentrated in one or several other directions.
  • the said radiation is concentrated .in several beams, one or several of the said beams may be subjected to a 10 movement, periodical or not, so as to sweep over a portion of space more or less large, and/or the several said beams may be differently modulated.
  • the means used for concentrating the high fre- 15 quency oscillatory energy radiated from one or several sources, or received from a remote station are proportioned, taking into account, and in some cases advantageously utilizing, vthe phenomena of reflection and/or of refraction and/or of interference and/or of diifractions, so that as large an amount as possible of the energy radiated by one or more sources of high frequency' oscillatory energy is a maximum in a predetermined portion of space.
  • the means employed may be adapted to produce a polar diagram for a radiating or receiving system having a predetermined shape.
  • the means used for modifying the distribution of the radiation of a high frequency source may comprise difiraction gratings, or electro-optical systems having multiple foci or auxiliary foci. Such means may be used either 35 solely or in combination with other means such as spherical mirrors for modifying the radiation distribution.
  • Several different messages may be simultaneously transmitted upon a single beam by utilizing difierently polarized waves or different wave-lengths, or by utilizing a combination of the above.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a source of high frequency oscillations, or a receiver, associated with a paraboloidal mirror for the purpose of increasing the density of the radiated or received beam;
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an arrangement comprising a paraboloidal mirror and a spherical mirror as: sociated with a source of high frequency oscillatory energy, the said mirrors being arranged and proportioned so as to increase the radiation of the said source in a predetermined portion of space;
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a two-way transmission system employing features of the invention
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a transmission diffraction grating used for modifying the distribution of the radiation from a source
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a reflection grating also used for modifying the radiation
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a grating combined with a plane mirror or reflector placed at a suitable distance from the grating
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a transmission system comprising a grating and a spherical mirror associated with a high frequency radiating and/or receiving apparatus
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a paraboloidal mirror at the center of which there is provided an aperture designed to diverge a portion of the radiation and to concentrate it upon an auxiliary apparatus which may be used for measuring or controlling the radiation;
  • Fig. 9 illustrates an arrangement comprising features illustrated in Figs. 2 and 8;
  • Fig. 10 illustrates the combination of a paraboloidal mirror and a plane mirror, the two being associated with a high frequency receiving or transmitting apparatus
  • Fig. 11 shows a two-Way transmission system in which a single paraboloidal mirror at each station is employed to modify the radiation emitted and received at the said station;
  • Fig. 12 shows an electro-optical system having multiple foci adapted to associate cooperatively a plurality of radiating and/or receiving apparatus.
  • reference numeral I designates a high frequency radiating and/or receiv-- ing antenna which may in the case of a transmitter, for example, be an oscillating doublet kept in a state of sustained vibrations by means of any one of the arrangements described in a copending application Serial No. 5198.256, filed on November 26, 1930 by A. G. Clavier, one of the applicants.
  • the element I is associated with a translation device comprising a transmitter or receiver proper.
  • element I is connected to the actuating and controlling electrode 3 of a vacuum tube comprising a cathode 4 electrically heated, for example, by means of a battery 5 and an electrode 6 on which a sufficient potential is applied by means of a battery I.
  • the doublet I When it is desired to use the above arrangement in a transmitter of a telecommunication system the doublet I is energized with high frequency sustained oscillations which are modulated by means of a modulator 9 coupled to the oscillating tube by means of a transformer I 0 placed in the grid or in the plate circuit.
  • a modulator 9 coupled to the oscillating tube by means of a transformer I 0 placed in the grid or in the plate circuit.
  • the high frequency field sets up in the doublet currents of the-transmitted frequencies and these currents are usually demodulated or detected by means of a demodulator corresponding to the apparatus 9, the demodulator being coupled to the element I by means of a transformer similar to that designated by numeral I0.
  • the radiation is increased in front of the mirror, whereas towards the back of the mirror the radiation of the source is practically n11.
  • a high frequency transmission system such as a telecommunication system
  • the energy available it is necessary to increase .so. far as is possible the useful radiation of the source and also to employ the useful radiation as efficiently as practicable.
  • Theapparatus adapted to modify the distribution in space of the radiation of the said sources may conveniently comprise electrically conducting or non-conducting bodies or surfaces whose dimensions and contour are chosen, the diffraction phenomena presented by the system being considered especially, so that the radiation diagram of the system has a predetermined shape, and particularly so that the field set up by the arrangement comprising the source and associated apparatus is a maximum in the predetermined portion of space in which the receiving apparatus is located.
  • a radiation concentrating system such as the paraboloidal mirror shown in Fig.
  • the diffraction phe- 76 nomena limits the possibilities in the same way and even if the electro-optical system intended to modify the radiation distribution is I perfectly computed the beam obtained is a diverging beam, The angle of this beam is smaller as the diameter of the electro-optical apparatus (paraboloidal mirror lenses, etc.) is greater.
  • the reflection field at least at the surface of m the mirror, is parallel to the axis of the paraboioidal mirror in view of the geometry of the paraboloidal mirror and of the fact that the resultant of the impinging and reflecting fields must be perpendicular to the surface of the metal.
  • the reflected field mentioned above may be divided into two components, one parallel to the doublet, the other perpendicular thereto for the purpose of determining the field at a great distance in the direction of the axis of the mirror. . This is true since the beam is not exactly a parallel beam, that is, it does converge to some degree.
  • the components of the field perpendicular to the doublet emitted by the different points of the mirror mutually cancel one another at the distant point because of the symmetry of the system. Consequently, the resultant of the fields at the distant point is still parallel to the doublet. It is therefore necessary to determine this resultant taking into account the phenomena of diffraction.
  • D is the distance-from the mirror to the receiving station and A is the wave length.
  • this formula represents some sort of generalization in theapplication of the principle of Huygens according to which every point of a wave surface may be considered as a source from which waves are emitted.
  • the classical case which is the nearest to the one considered here is that of a luminous point placed in front and on the axis of a circular screen, the problem being to compute the luminous vector reflected by the screen at a distant point positioned on the axis of the system.
  • the formula given above applies to this classical case.
  • this formula is in accordance with the usual manner of treating diffraction problems in optics.
  • the formula given above may be obtained in an equivalent form with the assistance of hypothesis more or less arbitrary.
  • this demonstration supposes, and this is the case in optics, that the incidence and diffraction angles are small.
  • the elements ds are substantially perpendicular to the incident and diflracted ray.
  • the case of the paraboloidal mirror is more general in'that in the application of thepreceding formula, the elements ds have been chosen substantially perpendicular to the reflected ray in the direction of the axis.
  • the most favorable dimensions can be determined for reflectors of types other than the paraboloidal mirror, the reflectors being provided with the radiating or receiving doublet.
  • a spherical mirror having suitable dimensions with regard to the wave length employed and being centered, for example, on a doublet gives an imperfect image of this doublet due to the phenomena of diffraction by which the image is formed upon the doublet itself.
  • This system functions to concentrate the radiation of a doublet into a solid angle substantially equal to 211' (if the spherical mirror is approximately half a sphere) and consequently approximately all the high frequency oscillatory energy sent in the solid symmetrical angle is employed and the field in a predetermined direction is doubled substantially.
  • the spherical mirror is preferably chosen so that the reflected beam is in phase with the direct beam.
  • the phenomena of reflection introduces a phase change equal to w; and experiments have shown that there exists another phase change of 1r when the reflected beam passes through the focus or focal region of the spherical mirror, that is, through the doublet or radiator provided at this focus. It results from this therefore, that, in
  • the systems above mentioned utilize, for creating a predetermined fleld at one or several receiving stations only a part of the useful radiation of the available sources of high frequency oscillatory energy
  • a paraboloidal mirror whose aperture corresponds to a solid angle e is associated with a source of very high frequency oscillatory energy approximately only the radiation of the said source comprised in the solid angle a is utilized for transmission purposes, whereas the radiation of the said source comprised in the complementary solid angle 41r-e is not utilized.
  • Fig. 2 which comprises a paraboloidal mirror 2 and a spherical mirror 2' associated with a radiating and/or receiving element I.
  • the element l is located at the focus of a paraboloidal mirror 2 and at the center of the spherical mirror 2' which is preferably proportioned as indicated above. It will be seen that with the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 the spherical mirror brings back upon the element I, that is, towards the paraboloidal mirror, the diverging beam which would be radiated by the element I if this element is a source. The spherical mirror cancels approximately the radiation of the element l in the cylinder having for base the aperture of the spherical mirror 2' and for axis the axis of the paraboloidal mirror 2.
  • the field at a distance created by the system I, 2, 2' is substantially twice greater than the field created by the system when the spherical mirror is not provided.
  • the diameter of the spherical mirror must not be too large with-regard to the aperture diameter of the paraboloidal mirror since the spherical mirror acts as a screen for the central portion of the parallel beam emitted.
  • a spherical mirror centered upon a source and a lens dis- P sed at a suitable distance on the axis or the spherical mirror, the lens being adapted to trans- 5 form the diverging beam produced by the spherical mirror into a parallel beam.
  • the lens employed should have a refraction indice as large as possible for the wave-length utilized and in the case of waves of the order of meters or of some decimeters or portions of decimeters lenses of ebonite or wood may be employed.
  • a portion of the radiation emitted by the source is ordinarily lost but this portion may be utilized according to this invention.
  • a portion of a paraboloidal mirror may be employed which is adapted to direct the radiation which otherwise would be lost in the direction of the receiving station.
  • this portion of the radiation may be directed in a different direction from that in which the principal portion of the radiation of the source is transmitted.
  • the portion of the radiation which otherwise would be lost may be directed periodically in acertain number of directions, whereas for example, the main portion of the radiation is constantly directed in the same direction. This last arrangement-is particularly useful in the case of telecommunication systems with ultra short waves whose radiation is periodically directed in a certain number of directions.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in a two-way telecommunication system employing reflecting systems of the type shown in Fig. 2.
  • An antenna system with associated mirrors such as the one shown in Fig. 2 may be used either for transmission or for reception; and the transmitters and the receivers in Fig. 3 have been schematically illustrated by means of a portion of a parabola and of an arc of a circle centered on a radiating and/or receiving element.
  • the equipment at the station ll comprises a transmitter l2 and a receiver I3 and the installation at the other terminal station l4 comprises a receiver l2". and a transmitter 13'.
  • the three lines parallel to axes of each set of mirrors illustrate the preferred method of relatively positioning the wires connected to the tube associated with the doublet. It will be observed that the wires, in the case of the receiver, pass through the paraboloidal mirror; and, in the case of the transmitter, they pass through the spherical mirror.
  • the arrangement is such that the receiver is 65 located in the shadow of the transmitter of the same station in order to prevent the receiver from being influenced by the transmitter of the corresponding station.
  • the shadow of the mirror is here defined as the region at the rear of the mirror which is unenergized by waves emanating from an antenna cooperating with the mirror.
  • the rays directly emitted by the transmitter do not influence the receiver at the same station.
  • the angle between the transmitting and receiving stations is made equal to 45 and the distance 3 between the said stations equal to about 200 m.
  • the receiving station is preferably positioned in the shadow of the transmitter at each terminal station of the two-way system.
  • the power radiated in the angle 51 becomes four times greater, that is to say 2P, since the field becomes twice as great. The total power radiated is therefore doubled due to the introduction of the spherical mirror.
  • the intensity in the doublet remains the same when the spherical mirror is introduced and the total power radiated by the doublet is increased which corresponds, in other terms, to an increase of the radiation resistance; or the R. M. S. intensity in the doublet is modified.
  • the presence of the spherical mirror modifies the emitting of a tube and this modification may be used advantageously. It has been experimentally determined in this connection that the presence of a spherical mirror does not modify the intensity of the current circulating in a radiator associated with tubes of the type described in the copending application No. 498,256 mentioned above.
  • a reflector system such as those illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3
  • conducting bodies for modifying the radiation distribution of a given source in order that the said conducting bodies operate substantially as electro-optical gratings.
  • Such a system is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the grating 20 illustrated is a transmission type, that is, the grating transforms a diverging beam into a parallel beam. Inversely it transforms a parallel beam into a converging beam.
  • the grating 20 comprises a plurality of concentrical rings designated by the numerals I5, I6, I I and I8, the rings being supported by a suitable structure I9.
  • the dimensions of the rings or zones I5, I6, I1 and [8 may Geometrically, the dimensions of a zone plate such as the one shown in Fi 4 may be ,determined by means of a plurality of concentrical circles, Ia, I b, Ic, etc. Ii, having their centers at the focus or focal region I.
  • the circles are then cut by means of a straight line XY perpendicular to the axis.
  • the radius or radii of the circles Ia, Ib, lc, Id are such that the following relations are fulfilled:
  • Such a zone plate is obviously easy to manufacture and is suitable for modifying the radiation of a source or the radiation received from a remote station.
  • such apparatus is evidently capable of very numerous applications in high frequency systems in which wave-lengths are sufficiently small.
  • Fig. 5 shows, for example, a reflection grating.
  • This grating is similar to the one shown in Fig. 4 but it is proportioned so as to reflect the radiation impinging upon the grating.
  • the grating shown in Fig. 5 may be calculated in the same manner as the grating shown in Fig. 4. That is, to obtain a reflection grating or lens it is necessary to determine the diameter of the metallic zones in such a Way that the following relations may be approximately fulfilled:
  • the system illustrated in Fig. 5 acts substantially as a paraboloidal mirror, that is, it transforms a diverging beam into a parallel beam.
  • the dimensions of the grating shown in Fig. 5 may obviously be determined by means of a geometrical construction analogous to the one illustrated in Fig. 4; in the present case the relation to be fulfilled is as follows:
  • grating of Fig. 5 is the complementary grating to the one shown in Fig.- 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows a grating 20 and a plane mirror 2
  • the central zone and the metallic rings of the grating 20 deflect the energy emitted by the doublet I towards the desired direction.
  • travel a supplementary path equal to which represents the distance to and from the grating and the plane reflector 2
  • the directly propagated rays and those returning through the hollow rings are in phase, and the field at a distance in the direction of the axis is increased.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of such a system.
  • a transmitting element I is associated with a spherical mirror 2' for tlie purpose of transforming the radiation from the element l into a diverging radiation comprising the solid angle (0.
  • the portion of this radiation located in the angle to is transformed into a parallel radiation beam by means of the transmission zone plate 20.
  • This parallel radiation beam is received by the receiving station on a transmission zone plate 2
  • a system of this nature is more easy and economical to make than a system comprising lenses in place of the zone plates 20 and 20'. It should be noted that in the system of this Fig. 7 the radiation of the doublet comprised in the solid angles an and w: is not utilized. These angles are relatively small in view of the fact that the zone plate 20 has a. relatively large diameter; and the loss of high frequency oscillatory energy in the portions of space corresponding to these solid angles is negligible.
  • the diffraction gratings described up to the present are plane or flat diffraction gratings but, obviously, zone plates having surfaces other than plane surfaces may be employed to modify the radiation emitted or received by the element I.
  • Fig. 8 shows a parabololdal refiector 2 having in its center an aperture 0: whose dimensions are such that the said aperture operates as a central zone of a transmission diffraction grating, the two fool of which are at finite distances.
  • a parabololdal mirror having a radiating element I located at its focus is employed.
  • a thermocouple 26 is located at the focus i' in order to obtain an indication proportional to the radiation emitted.
  • the distance I? is chosen when determining the optical emitting system and the distance I'P is chosen, generally, according to practical considerations. Knowing the distance iPl' and using the equation given above, the most favorable diameter for the aperture 0: may be determined.
  • the receiving station generally it is not necessary to provide a controlling wave-meter or a thermocouple and it is best to have the connec tions for the tube pass through, and along the axis of, the parabololdal mirror which is ordinarily fixed in front of the construction housing the controlling and actuating apparatus used for transmission and reception. This is especially true if it is necessary to amplify the received signals by utilizing an intermediate frequency. That is, under these circumstances, it is better to have the signals collected by the doublet and by the receiving tubes pass as directly as possible to the amplifying apparatus.
  • a central portion of the parabololdal mirror is used for the measurement of the radiation emitted and in this case the connections for the tube will preferably 5 pass through the spherical mirror.
  • Fig. 9 shows a transmitting arrangement in which certain features illustrated in Figs. 2 and 8 are utilized.
  • the paraboloidal mirror 2 is carried by means of member 22 which may be placed underneath the penthouse like structure 23.
  • the parabololdal mirror 2 comprises metallic sheets which have been given a suitable form by a hammering operation at room temperature upon a concrete form or matrix having suitable dimensions. .
  • the sheets thus prepared are placed upon the surface 22 so as to form the parabololdal mirror 2.
  • This mirror has I an aperture a which forms the central zone on a transmission zone plate, the focal regions of which are at finite distances.
  • a radiating element l which is kept in a state of sustained oscillations by means of an apparatus 24 of the type described in copending application No. 498,256 mentioned above.
  • the radiating element l is also placed at the center of the spherical mirror 2' which may be formed by shaping a sheet of copper by a suitable process.
  • the spherical mirror 2' is fixed upon the support 25 which is itself carried by a pole 26.
  • the electrical connections between the apparatus 24 and the sources of energy, or with the modulator, or receiving apparatus, must be arranged as symmetrically as possible and preferably in the case of the transmitter in the manner shown in Fig. 9, that is, the connections for the tube 24 should be directed towards the apex of the spherical mirror 2', the said connections being arranged so as to be substantially parallel.
  • thermocouple 26 associated with a current indicating device such as a galvanometer is placed at the conjugate focus I of the central zone 0:.
  • a thermocouple fulfills, in the case of a transmitting system of the type shown in this figure, a role analogous to that of the antenna ammeter utilized in known types of radio electric transmitters.
  • the mirrors 2 and 2' be At the distant cooperating rein this exposed to the open air, and the penthouse struc ture 23 may therefore be closed by means of walls of wood or of glass, or by any other suitable means.
  • the material used in the walls should be such as tominimize the energy losses which are mainly due to partial reflection when the beam traverses a wall of the penthouse 23.
  • the radiator in the system of Fig. 9 may be advantageously lo- I cated in a position as high as practicable for the purpose of increasing the optical visibility. This may be necessary in transmission systems utilizing oscillations of very high frequency.
  • the arrangement comprises a paraboloidal mirror 2 associated with the plane mirror 2'! which may be placed on the top of a tower. It will be seen from this figure that the method of representation employed in geometrical optics has been used.
  • the parallel beam obtained by means of the paraboloidal mirror 2 is transformed into a parallel beam at approximately right angles to the first beam by means of the plane mirror Ell.
  • This plane mirror may be adapted to rotate around the axis of the paraboloidal mirror 2 so that the radiated beam sweeps over a more or less great arc of the circle of the horizon.
  • the aperture may be such that it functions as the central zone of a zone plate, or
  • a small mirror (not shown on the drawings) adapted to direct a portion of the radiation towards a controlling apparatus such as a suitable wave-meter.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a practical and economical system for utilizing a paraboloidal mirror as a means for causing the convergence of a received parallel beam upon one doublet, and for converting into a parallel beam a portion of the diverging rays transmitted from a nearby doublet.
  • the parallel beam received at the station at the left from the doublet i1 is concentrated by means of mirror 2 on the doublet l'1.
  • the energy radiated by doublet l is changed into a parallel beam partly by means of thesame mirror 2.
  • the lens 28 which is similar to the reflection grating 26 illustrated in Fig. 5 cooperating with the spherical mirror 2' converts most of the en-.
  • the paraboloidal mirror 21 at the right-hand station concentrates the energy (received from doublet l) on the doublet l, and at the same time assists in changing the diverging rays radiated by doublet 61 into a parallel beam, lens or reflection grating 281 being most instrumental in producing the parallel beam.
  • the two ways of transmission may be accomplished by choosing the planes of polarization of the radiationtransmitted in two opposite directions or by establishing the two ways of,
  • Fig. 12 shows an electro-optical systemhaving multiple focus regions which are associated with a plurality of radiating elements.
  • a plurality of radiating elements I, I1, lnfand I111 are provided and associated, respectively,
  • the system is completed by means of a relatively large end transmission zone plate such as plate 20111 adapted to transform into a parallel beam theradiation emitted by the radiating elements I, I1, I11 and I111. Additional radiators and intermediate zone plates may, of course, be used.
  • the system of Fig. 12 may be used for reception. Furthermore when used for transmitting it may be used for combining in the same beam radiations emitted by a plurality of radiating elements, the radiations having different characteristics whereby the same beam serves to transmit a plurality of signals or messages.
  • the 'various radiating elements may have different polarizations or they may be arranged to radiate alternately, or they may be differently modulated.
  • sources of high frequency oscillatory energy is constituted by a radiating doublet
  • sources of high frequency oscillatory energy sources could be used and particularly the various sources of oscillatory energy described in the application No. 498,256 mentioned above could be used.
  • sources of polyphase oscillatory energy may be used which would allow in some cases several messages to be transmitted upon the same wave-length.
  • an antenna In an ultra-short wave system, an antenna, a spherical-shaped mirror having a radius equal to a multiple of one half the operating wavelength substantially, the antenna being positioned at the geometrical center of said mirror approximately.
  • an antenna In combination, an antenna, a translation device connected thereto, a paraboloidal mirror having a focus in the plane of the mirror opening and a grating at its center, a hemispherical mirror positioned on the axis of the paraboloidal mirror so that its focus coincides with the focus of the paraboloidal mirror, and a wave measuring device located at the focus of the grating.
  • a transmitting station and a receiving station arranged for duplex operation, said transmitting station and said receivfocus, said couplet being located at said focus.
  • said receiving station being positioned in the shadow of the transmitting paraboloidal mirror whereby radiation from the transmitting station does not affect the operation of the receiving station.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US584364A 1931-01-21 1932-01-02 Directional radio transmission system Expired - Lifetime US2043347A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR726531T 1931-01-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2043347A true US2043347A (en) 1936-06-09

Family

ID=9110749

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US584364A Expired - Lifetime US2043347A (en) 1931-01-21 1932-01-02 Directional radio transmission system

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2043347A (fr)
FR (1) FR726531A (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419556A (en) * 1942-07-22 1947-04-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Scanning antenna
US2530098A (en) * 1945-05-03 1950-11-14 Lester C Van Atta Antenna
US2595271A (en) * 1943-12-20 1952-05-06 Kline Morris Antenna lobe shifting device
US2635191A (en) * 1945-07-09 1953-04-14 Jr Lewis E Swarts Antenna
US2636125A (en) * 1948-04-10 1953-04-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Selective electromagnetic wave system
US2645769A (en) * 1947-06-05 1953-07-14 Walter Van B Roberts Continuous wave radar system
US2736894A (en) * 1946-01-22 1956-02-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive antenna systems
US2762041A (en) * 1950-09-09 1956-09-04 Motorola Inc Signalling equipment
US2763860A (en) * 1949-12-03 1956-09-18 Csf Hertzian optics
US2813203A (en) * 1950-04-07 1957-11-12 Leeds & Northrup Co Optical systems for radiation pyrometers
US3189907A (en) * 1961-08-11 1965-06-15 Lylnan F Van Buskirk Zone plate radio transmission system
US3247508A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-04-19 American Brake Shoe Co Microwave identification of railroad cars
DE1269204B (de) * 1959-08-05 1968-05-30 Georg J E Goubau Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur UEbertragung von Hochfrequenzenergie mittels eines im wesentlichen zylindrischen Buendels fortlaufend freier Wellen
US3631360A (en) * 1967-07-13 1971-12-28 Kurt Lehovec Electro-optical structures utilizing fresnel optical systems
US3649836A (en) * 1970-04-14 1972-03-14 Kurt Lehovec Electro-optical multiple image arrangements
US3704377A (en) * 1967-07-13 1972-11-28 Inventors & Investors Inc Laser comprising fresnel optics
DE3536348A1 (de) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-16 Max Planck Gesellschaft Fresnel'sche zonenplatte zur fokussierung von mikrowellen-strahlung fuer eine mikrowellen-antenne
US4738780A (en) * 1984-11-27 1988-04-19 Union Carbide Corporation Method for replacing PCB-containing coolants in electrical induction apparatus with substantially PCB-free dielectric coolants
US4744905A (en) * 1984-11-27 1988-05-17 Union Carbide Corporation Method for replacing PCB containing coolants in electrical induction apparatus with substantially PCB-free dielectric coolants
US5283591A (en) * 1991-12-11 1994-02-01 Telediffusion De France Fixed-reflector antenna for plural telecommunication beams
US6313802B1 (en) * 1992-11-10 2001-11-06 Stig Anders Petersson Waveguide lens and method for manufacturing the same

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE754559C (de) * 1934-04-14 1953-08-31 Julius Pintsch K G Anordnung zum gerichteten Senden oder Empfangen ultra-hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Schwingungen
DE950652C (de) * 1941-03-22 1956-10-11 Telefunken Gmbh Richtstrahler

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419556A (en) * 1942-07-22 1947-04-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Scanning antenna
US2595271A (en) * 1943-12-20 1952-05-06 Kline Morris Antenna lobe shifting device
US2530098A (en) * 1945-05-03 1950-11-14 Lester C Van Atta Antenna
US2635191A (en) * 1945-07-09 1953-04-14 Jr Lewis E Swarts Antenna
US2736894A (en) * 1946-01-22 1956-02-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive antenna systems
US2645769A (en) * 1947-06-05 1953-07-14 Walter Van B Roberts Continuous wave radar system
US2636125A (en) * 1948-04-10 1953-04-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Selective electromagnetic wave system
US2763860A (en) * 1949-12-03 1956-09-18 Csf Hertzian optics
US2813203A (en) * 1950-04-07 1957-11-12 Leeds & Northrup Co Optical systems for radiation pyrometers
US2762041A (en) * 1950-09-09 1956-09-04 Motorola Inc Signalling equipment
DE1269204B (de) * 1959-08-05 1968-05-30 Georg J E Goubau Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur UEbertragung von Hochfrequenzenergie mittels eines im wesentlichen zylindrischen Buendels fortlaufend freier Wellen
US3189907A (en) * 1961-08-11 1965-06-15 Lylnan F Van Buskirk Zone plate radio transmission system
US3247508A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-04-19 American Brake Shoe Co Microwave identification of railroad cars
US3631360A (en) * 1967-07-13 1971-12-28 Kurt Lehovec Electro-optical structures utilizing fresnel optical systems
US3704377A (en) * 1967-07-13 1972-11-28 Inventors & Investors Inc Laser comprising fresnel optics
US3649836A (en) * 1970-04-14 1972-03-14 Kurt Lehovec Electro-optical multiple image arrangements
US4738780A (en) * 1984-11-27 1988-04-19 Union Carbide Corporation Method for replacing PCB-containing coolants in electrical induction apparatus with substantially PCB-free dielectric coolants
US4744905A (en) * 1984-11-27 1988-05-17 Union Carbide Corporation Method for replacing PCB containing coolants in electrical induction apparatus with substantially PCB-free dielectric coolants
DE3536348A1 (de) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-16 Max Planck Gesellschaft Fresnel'sche zonenplatte zur fokussierung von mikrowellen-strahlung fuer eine mikrowellen-antenne
US5283591A (en) * 1991-12-11 1994-02-01 Telediffusion De France Fixed-reflector antenna for plural telecommunication beams
US6313802B1 (en) * 1992-11-10 2001-11-06 Stig Anders Petersson Waveguide lens and method for manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR726531A (fr) 1932-05-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2398095A (en) Electromagnetic horn radiator
CN103022728B (zh) 偏馈抛物面多波束天线馈源阵列的设计方法
US1932469A (en) Short wave signaling
JPS5815967B2 (ja) アンテナ
US2054896A (en) Reflector system for ultrashort electric waves
US3189907A (en) Zone plate radio transmission system
US2840819A (en) Reflecting surfaces
US2407057A (en) Antenna system
US1939345A (en) Device for influencing the direction of electric waves
US2870444A (en) Radiating systems
US2986734A (en) Electromagnetic wave lens and mirror systems
da Silva Moreira et al. Classical axis-displaced dual-reflector antennas for omnidirectional coverage
US2599763A (en) Directive antenna system
GB1268341A (en) Improvements in parabolic antennas
US2421988A (en) Directive antenna
GB755011A (en) Improvements relating to radio beam antenna arrangements
US2562277A (en) Metallic lens directive antenna system
US2187618A (en) Radio beacon system
CN108649345A (zh) 一种共焦双抛物面天线
US2983918A (en) Bilateral transmission system
US3852748A (en) High-resolution hemispherical reflector antenna
CN115548698B (zh) 一种高增益介质涡旋天线
US2486620A (en) Antenna system for short waves
US1944563A (en) Directional radio beam system
US2695958A (en) Directive antenna system