US2059802A - Engine - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2059802A
US2059802A US667096A US66709633A US2059802A US 2059802 A US2059802 A US 2059802A US 667096 A US667096 A US 667096A US 66709633 A US66709633 A US 66709633A US 2059802 A US2059802 A US 2059802A
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Prior art keywords
piston
work
combustion
liquid
driving shaft
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William F Logan
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LOGAN NEWVILLE MOTORS Inc
LOGAN-NEWVILLE MOTORS Inc
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LOGAN NEWVILLE MOTORS Inc
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Priority to US667096A priority Critical patent/US2059802A/en
Priority to GB10176/34A priority patent/GB434612A/en
Priority to FR771485D priority patent/FR771485A/fr
Priority to DEL85760D priority patent/DE639863C/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H43/00—Other fluid gearing, e.g. with oscillating input or output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S60/00—Power plants
    • Y10S60/91—Free piston

Definitions

  • This invention relates -to engines, and more particularly to engines of the type employin what are known as floating pistons. While in its broader aspects the invention has utility when applied to steam and air e gines, the invention is of particular utility w en embodied in an internal combustion engine, and it will therefore be more particularly described with reference to such use.
  • the present application is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 580,176, filed December 10, 1931, entitled Gas engines, and of my application Serial No. 498,189, filed November 25, 1930, entitled Gas engines.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an engine of the type just characterized wherein form delivery of power and wherein vibrations and irregularities of operation eliminated.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an engine of the type first characterized wherein the delivery of power is under the control of parts whose speed is regulated independently of any fluctuations in speed of the floating 0 piston during its power stroke.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an internal combustionengine of the type employing afloating piston wherein the compression of the fuel mixture and the time of its ignition as wel1 as its admission to and discharge from the. combustion chamber are controlled independently of fluctuations in speed of the floating piston during its combustion stroke.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an engine of the type first characterized which are substantially the delivery of the kinetic and potential energy avoids the tendency of the floating piston to rebound at the end of its power stroke.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an engine of the type employing a floating piston wherein the use of a crank mechanism is avoided and wherein power is delivered to the driving shaft substantially at right angles thereto at all times.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an engine of the type employing a floating piston which avoids the conditions consequent on the occurrences of dead centers,and which avoids irregularities of speed, vibrations, shocks, jars and the like.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel internal combustion engine wherein compression of the fuel mixture after ignition with the resultant energy losses is entirely avoided.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel internal combustion engine which enablesthe cylinder clearance to be materially reduced with substantial increase in efficiency.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel internal combustion engine wherein it is practicable to furnish each charge of fuel with such a. quantity oi. oxygen as will obtain substantially a complete combustion of said fuel in the combustion chamber with the resultant elimination of fuel losses.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel engine which enables the production of high power at relatively low speed or high speed at relatively low R. P. M. at the engine.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a'novel engine in which there is a substantially smooth and" uniform delivery of power to the driving shaft throughout the operation of the same.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel engine which facilitates close regulation 'of the speed and delivery of power and which also provides flexibility of design in securing desired rates of power delivery and desired rates of revolution through a wide range.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel engine whereby increased power per unit of fuel consumed and increased thermal efliciency can beobtained.
  • Another. object of the present invention' is to provide a novel engine wherein the heat losses are so reduced that a cooling system is generally unnecessary, although one may be used if preferred.
  • Another object of this a novel internal combustion engine which enables V 60 I ment.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel internal combustion engine wherein a low exhaust temperature and pressure can be obtained and also efllcient scavenging of each combustion chamber effected.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel engine which has low weight per unit of power delivered and which therefore readily lends itself to use in airplanes, automobiles and the like.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel engine which is simple in construction, strong and rugged in service, and economical in operation and maintenance, and which readfly lends itself to a wide range of control and use.
  • Another object-of this'invention is to provide a novel method for controlling and utilizing the energy developed by a floating piston.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the embodiment of F Fig. 3 is a front elevation on a smaller scale of another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through the embodiment of Fig. 3 on a slightly enlarged scale
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical section, on a still further enlarged scale, taken on the line 5-5 of Fig.4;
  • Fig. 6 is a detailed sectional view of one of the mechanically operated by-pass valves
  • Fig. 'I. is a somewhat schematic view illustrating another arrangement and location of the valves
  • Fig. 8 is a detail of thestop for each piston' unit as used in the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1; f
  • Fig. His 9. vertical section of another embodi Referring first to the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, and particularly to Fig. 4, a base section I II, of any suitable size and construction, is mounted on any suitable foundation or frame'and provides a receptacle or tank. Suitably mounted above said receptacle I0 is a cylinder block ll, here shown as including two cylinders l2 providing combustion chambers, but it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not restricted to the use of only two cylinders as willhereinafter appear. As shown, a shaft housing I 3 is interposed between receptacle II and cylinder block ll andis suitably secured to each.
  • the cylinder block I I is provided with a suitable head 18 attached to the body thereof in any suitable way and in the form shown a water jacket ll isprovided for the cylinders and ders I2 providing combustion chambers, and I hence here shown as two.
  • communicate with and are here shown as projecting into'th'e interior of the tank It, and suitably mounted on the bottom of said tank II are valves 23 which normally close the bottom of thecylinders 2
  • Said valves may be of any suitable construction and as hereinafter'pointed out in con junction with the embodiment of Fig.
  • valves preferably take the form of elastic balls, but as here shown, the valves arein the form of disks provided with stems 24 which are reciprocably mounted in spiders 25 formed on or attached to the bottom memberll. If-desired s'aid spiders may be mounted on removable plates 26 suitably secured over openings in the bottom member 22,
  • each valve 13 is normally -with interposed gaskets 28. Any other suitable urged into its position for closing the bottom of its opposed cylinder 2!, and to this end, a helical spring 29 surrounds each valve stem u and reacts between the spider 25 and the valvedisk 23 to normally urge the latter into its seating position.
  • Tank I0 is accordingly partly filled with a liquid 3
  • Saidliquid may be introduced into j the tank ll through any suitable filling opening, and'a drain opening is indicated at 3
  • a by-pass conduit 35 of any suitable construction shown as a pipe which leads to the interior of each cyinder 2
  • Pipe 35 also communicates with the interior of thetank ID at a point below the surface of the liquid therein, sufliciently below the minimum liquid level so that its inlet will never be uncovered by said liquid under any condition of operation.
  • a pipe section 36 leads from said conduit 35 and opens into the tank at 38 adjacent the bottom thereof.
  • Said by-pass conduit 35 is provided with a valve mechanism 39 for each cylinder as hereinafter explained, said valve mechanism as shown being disposed exterlorly of the tank, but the valves as well as the connections orconduits between the tank and work cylinders may be within the tank as will hereinafter appear.
  • Cylinder block ii in addition to the two cylinders l2 providing combustion chambers 40, includes a pair of cylinders 4
  • each cylinder i2 is substantially in alignment with a cylinder 2!, and in the form here shown the cylinders l2 and 4! are also arranged in longitudinal alignment, but this is not essential, as the cylinders l2 and M may be otherwise arranged and the compression cylinders 4i may if preferred be disposed laterally with respect to the cylinders l2.
  • Eachcylinder i2 is provided with a piston 42 which is connected through a piston rod 43 of any suitable size and construction with a piston M disposed in the associated cylinder 2i, or a single cylinder and piston combining the functions of cylinders i2 andfil and pistons '42 and 54 could be used.
  • piston rod 63 is provided with an offset a to pass around the driving shaft 46, but as shown in the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, the driving shaft may be disposed laterally with respect to the piston rods lt so that the latter may extend in right lines.
  • each piston rod t3 to'the driving shaft 65 is such that there is a right angle delivery of power from the piston rod'to the driving shaft throughout the work stroke, and as. the present invention employs pistons which are to float when moving under the expansion due to combustion of the fuel mixture, the construction is such that during the stroke of each piston pair, iii and id,
  • segmental gear48 that has teeth for slightly over 180, so that there is at least one tooth more than 180 of teeth for a purpose hereinafter explainedr- Said segmental gears 48 are suitably secured to the shaft 46, and each gear is so disposed that their teeth mesh with the corresponding rack 41 only during the up stroke of the piston pair, while during the down stroke of the piston pair the cutaway portion of the segmental gear is opposed to the rack 41, or the segmental'gear may be constantly in mesh with the rack and a one way clutch be interposed between the gear and the shaft.
  • the diameter of the gears 48 is selected to eifect the desired lever ratio suitable for the particular length of stroke and timing employed.
  • Each compressor cylinder 4 I' is provided with a piston 50 driven from the driving shaft 46 in any .suitable way, here shown as through a piston rod 5
  • may operate to compress only the air to support the combustion of the fuel, after which the fuel may be in-' jected into the compressed air, as by an injector of any suitable construction, opening for example into the combustion chamber, or the fuel as well as the air may be mixed in the compressor and subjected to compression in advance of introduction into the combustion chamber.
  • the compressed air from the compressor may be introduced after the piston 42 has made its scavenging stroke or the air may be introduced to help purge the combustion chamber of burnt gases.
  • the fuel used may be either gaseous or liquid introduced into each compressor from any suitable carbureting device 53.
  • Each compressor is provided with a suitable inlet valve 54 and outlet valve 55, and each cylinder is also provided with a suitable inlet valve 56 and outlet valve 51.
  • Said inlet and outlet valves are operated in any suitable way in timed relation with the movement of. the pistons, and as here shown said valves are tappet valves operated by rocker arms 58 suitably pivoted on brackets 59 and in turn operated by rods 60 and rocker arms 6
  • Rocker arms iii are operated from cams 63 mounted on a cam shaft 64 driven in any suitable way as by a chain drive 66 from the driving shaft 6.
  • each cylinder 2i is provided, in the by-pass conduit 35 associated therewith, with a suitable valve mechanism 39 for opening and closing communication between said by-pass and the interior of said cylinder.
  • Said valve mechanism may be ofany suitable construction and operated in any suitable way from the driving shaft or cam shaft.
  • theconduit leading from each cylinder 2i has a valve housing .10 which, as shown in the enlarged detail of Fig; 6, contains a butterfly valve disk "II operable or solid.
  • a liquid fuel isv by a crank arm 12 disposed. exteriorly of the housing 10 and mounted on the pivotal axis l3 46.
  • Said cams are so arranged "as to effect the operation of the valves H in the timed sequence hereinafter described.
  • By-pass 35 is also preferably provided with a suitable valve '
  • Any suitable means are provided forigniting the fuel mixture in the combustion chambers 40, spark plugs 80 being diagrammatically indicated and controlled through a distributor III of any suitable character and construction driven from drivingshaft 46.
  • Driving shaft 46 is also shown as provided with a pulley 82 as indicative of any suitable driving connection from said shaft 46 to the means to be driven, or a flywheel may be pro-' vided if desired.
  • the cycle of operation of the engine is as follows: The fuel mixture, or the air alone if a fuel injector is used, is drawn into a compressor 4
  • is of such size that a suflicient quantity of air is drawn thereintoto effect a substantially complete combustion of the fuel, whether gaseous or liquid and whether introduced into the compressor or into the combustion chamber itself,
  • the piston 42 has reached the top of its stroke and after'the fuel mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber, said mixture is ignited.
  • said ignition occurs only after the piston 42 has reached its uppermost position, there is no compression of the mixture after ignition, and therefore the entire force of expansion arising fromthe combustion of the fuel mixture is directly applied to the piston 42.
  • Piston 42 being a floating piston, it is forced downwardly at precisely the rate at which expansion of the mixture occurs under combustion, it being remembered that during this stroke of piston 42 there is no mechanical connection between the piston' and .the driving shaft. Hence there is no mechanical restraint upon said piston to cause the normal expansion of the mixture under combustion to be retarded, and therefore the tendency for the energy to be dissipated in heat to the engine walls is materially reduced. Moreover, as there is no compression of the mixture after combustion starts, the heat losses characteristic of the compression of ignited charges is avoided. Also, as the amount of air initially provided is sumcient for complete oxidation of the fuel, the heat losses incident to delayed burning of the gases are largely avoided. In other words, the piston is free to move at the variable rate at which the mixture tends to expand naturally when combustion is free and complete.
  • to the tank In is converted intopotential energy in the form of an additional com- *pression of the gas in the space 32.
  • is opened and the oil flows into said cylinder 2
  • each segmental gear 48 extends for one or more teeth beyond 180 a driving relation is established between the first tooth of the second segmental gear to go into operation and its rack before the last tooth of the segmental gear that has been performing a work stroke becomes disengaged from its rack. Hence there is no' intertion between the successively acting racks and the driving shaft, and the output of power is therefore smooth and continuous.
  • Figs. 1, 2, and 9 will be understood from a brief reference to the differences thereof from the embodiment of Figs. 3 to 6, corresponding parts being given the same reference characters as in the embodiments of Figs. 3 to 6.
  • the embodiment of Figs. 1, 2, and 9 as shown has its tank or receptacle section III sub-divided into a base portion III) and an upper portion III, said two portions being suitably united as by bolts passing through flanges II2.
  • Base portion IIII may be mounted on any suitable foundation II3 as by bolts II4.
  • the provision of the joint at IIZ permits the upper part of the engine to be lifted with respect to the lower portion III] for access to the bottom of the tank and the valves therein, etc.
  • the tank may be made in one piece or in any other desired combination of sections.
  • the portion III in this embodiment also includes the portion of the casing which houses the driving shaft and associated parts.
  • I present invention employs spherical valves I23 mounted on coil springs I29.
  • Said valves are preferably constructed of an elastic medium and constitute elastic balls that may give in the event that an undue pressure is imparted thereto.
  • the oil space within the tank I0 is separated from the compressed gas space therein by a plunger I35, the cylinders 2
  • a single compressor 4I is provided, withsuitable' connections and valves for supplying compressed charges to the two combustion chambers 40, and the driving shaft 46, which is so positioned as'to avoid any offset in the piston rods, is provided with a beveled gear I 48 which meshes with a beveled gear I4I of one half the diameter'of gear I40 on a stub-shaft I42 that carries an eccentric I45 for driving the piston 50 of said compressor.
  • the outlet valve I54 of the compressor controls the admission of the compressed fluid into a storage space I55 which communicates with one or the other of the combustion chambers when one or the other of the inlet valves I55 of the latter is opened.
  • each of the work pistons 44 may be provided with a cushioning or stop device in the event that the piston tends to move too far on its working stroke.
  • each work piston '44 has mounted above and resiliently spaced from the same a stop member I45 which has an axially extending rim- I46.
  • the end of the cylinder is provided with an overhanging and inwardly directed rim member I4'I spaced from the wall of the cylinder sufficiently to provide an annular recess that will receive the rim I 46 and cooperate therewith to form,
  • Stop member I45 is normally spaced from the piston proper 44 by a coil spring I48.
  • a suitable gland may be provided around the piston rod as shown. at I49.
  • any oil trapped in recess I5I] will be placed under suflicient pressure by the relative movement of the recess in the piston and the stop member to force the valve orval'ves I5I toopen and return the oil to the interior of the tank.
  • a suitable valve controlled passage may be similarly provided whereby the pressure of the air in the tank may be maintained atthe desired value by the action of the piston and stop member.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates an arrangement wherein the passages of communication between the tanks and work cylinders as well as the valves for con trolling the same are disposedinside of the tank.
  • each work cylinder communicates with the tank I0 through a short passage I60 formed in the wall of the cylinder, thus eliminating the friction incident to the use of long pas- 75 sages.
  • the by-pass valves are also now located in the tank, and may take any suitable form.
  • lever i63 carries a pair of wedge-like stops I 65 and asecond pair of movable wedge members I66 connected by Parallel links I61 and an intermediate link I66 so that said wedge members I66 may be protruded to a greater or less extent between the stops I65 and the ends of the valve rods I62.
  • Link I68 can be operated manually or mechanically, and thereby the extent to which the valve rods are moved by the movement of the lever I63 may be adjusted manually or automatically.
  • a coil spring I69 normally holds the lever I63 in operative. relationship to its thrust rod or camoperating member.
  • said passages may be provided in the ball valve members I23 provided the valve members I6I are so mounted as to cooperate with said passages without interfering with the proper opening of the valve members I23 under the pressure developed in the cylinders during the power strokes.
  • Such an embodiment isshown in Fig. 10.
  • valve members I23 are provided with passages ",4 of suitable shape designed to be closed at the appropriate times by valve members I6I.
  • Valve member I6I is slidable and rotatably engaged on pin I, said pin being permanently mounted in arm I10 and extending centrally member I6I againststop I16 formed on pin I1I.
  • Spring I12 acts to insure complete mounted on rocker arm I13 by pin I11 such a connection allowing ball valve member I23 .to open without hindrance when valve member I6I is closing orifice I14.
  • Rocker arm- I13 is rotatably mounted on pin I18 and is actuated by appropriate cams on shaft 46 working through push rod I19.
  • the ball valve members themselves may be operated to admit the liquid to the work cylinders and provide the controlled admission of fluid thereto if also mounted so that they will open without resistance under the pressure developed in the .cylinders during the power stroke while subject to operation by suitable valve operating rods extending into operative connection there-.
  • the energy'derived from the motive fluid is therefore largely converted into kinetic and potential energy, and the efliciency of the engine is therefore relatively high.
  • the float-- ing piston move at the rate determined by the natural tendency of the fluid to expand but in the 'case of a combustible mixture it moves at the rate determined by the tendency of the gases to expand under free combustion in the presence of an adequate supply of oxygen.
  • full advantage is taken of the inertia of the moving piston to transfer energy to the fluid within the tank.
  • the pressure on the fluid within the tank is so selected as to assure that each floating piston will be brought to rest at theappropriate position for the end of its explosion stroke, which also assures that there is sufilcient pressure on the liquid to effect the working stroke without any large change in relative pressure of the gas on the-oil.
  • the outlet valve for the cylinder '2I is opened, and throughout the explosion stroke the oil is forced from the cylinder into the tank at the rate at which the piston moves under the action of the expanding gases.
  • the oil under pressure flows into the work cylinder at the rate determined by the size of the passages, which may be controlled and adjusted by the valve mechanism provided.
  • is, as to a considerable portion thereof, displacing an equal quantity of oil into the other cylinder 2
  • is at a uniform rate and under a substantially uniform pressure
  • the delivery of power to the driving shaft is smooth and regular, and without interruption, and hence there is an absence of shocks, jars, vibrations, etc.
  • the force 'of expansion in the combustion chamber and acting on the liquid in the tank is equalized by the elastic medium in the tank, and any shocks and jars that would otherwise be created by the ignition of the charge as well as vibrations are eliminatedby uid to each cylinder 2
  • the present inven-v tion makes possible the development of relatively high power or high speed although the number of explosions per minute are kept relatively low, because by varying the rate of delivery of the liquid into the work cylinders the rate of power delivery can be varied independently of the rate of which explosions occur, and therefore the present invention enables the development of power for speed or speed for power.
  • the fuel mixture may be maintained constant under variations or load, if preferred, the fuel mixture may be varied which will vary the length of the a power strokes and therefore the power or speed developed.
  • the present invention further enables the clearance inthe cylinder to be reduced with corresponding increase in efficiency.
  • the cylinder clearance can be reduced to that amount that is suitable to provide for the proper volume of air. to combine with the injected fuel under such pressure as can be efliciently developed by the compressor, and a substantial increase in efliciency can' thus be obtained in accordancewith recognized principles governing increased pressure and decreased clearance.
  • the present invention enables the heat units of the fuel consumed to be so utilized as work as to result in high thermal efiiciency
  • cylinders providing a'plurality of combustion chambers and a like. plurality of work chambers, piston means in each associated pair of combustion and work chambers, a receptacle containing a liquid and anelastic medium under compression, connections between each-"work'cylinder and said receptacle to carry said liquid, means for controlling the rate of flow of said liquid in said connections, a driving shaft, means for discon-" lns ai riv shaft from c Piston 7.
  • cylinders means during the combustion stroke thereof and for connecting said shaft to said piston means during the return stroke thereof, a separate compressor driiren by said driving shaft, and valve controlled connections for transferring a charge from said compressorto the combustion chambers.
  • cylinders providing a plurality of combustion chambers and a like plurality of work chambers, piston means in each associated pair of combustion and work chambers, a receptacle containing a liquid and an elastic medi under compression, connections between each work cylinder and said receptacle to carry said liquid, means for varying the rate of flow of said liquid in said connections,
  • a driving shaft meansfor disconnecting said driving shaft from each piston means during the e combustion stroke. thereof and for connecting said shaft to said piston means during the return stroke thereof, and means controlled from, said driving shaft for igniting the charge in each combustion chamber after the piston therein has completed its return stroke.
  • cylinders providing a plurality of combustion chambers and a like plurality of work chambers, piston means in each associated pair of combustion and work- -chamber,s; a receptacle containing a liquid and an elastic medium under compression, connections between each work chamber and said receptacle, a driving shaft, means for disconnecting said driving shaft from each piston means during the combustion. stroke thereof and for connecting said shaft to said piston means during the return stroke thereof, means controlled by said driving shaft for opening and closing communication between each of said work chambers' and said receptacle, and means for varying the size of said opening.
  • cylinders providing a plurality of combustion chambers and a like plurality of work chambers, piston means in each associated pair of combustion and work chambers, a receptacle containing a liquid and an elastic medium under compression, connections between each work chamber and said receptacle,
  • cylinders providing a pluralityof combustion chambers and a like plurality of work chambers, piston means in each associated pair of combustion and work chambers, a receptacle containing a liquid and an elastic medium under compression, valve controlled connections between each work chambet and said receptacle, means for controlling the time of opening of said valve, a driving shaft, and means for disconnecting said driving shaft from each piston means during the combustion stroke thereof and for connecting said shaft to said piston means during the return stroke thereof, said last named means providing substantially ea right angle transmission of power to said driving shaft throughout the work stroke of each Piston means.
  • an internal combustion engine in combination with a driving shaft, means providing a. plurality of combustion chambers, a piston in each chamber adapted to be moved by the exaosasoa pansion of an ignited combustible mixture unrestrained by mechanical connection to said driving shaft, a receptacle containing a liquid and a compressed elastic medium, means providing a like plurality of work chambers adapted to communicate with said receptacle, piston means in each of said work chambers connected to one ofsaid first named pistons and adapted to.
  • means providing a plurality of combustion chambers, a 'pistonin each chamber adapted to be moved by the expansion of an ignited combustible mixture unrestrained by mechanical connection to said driving shaft, a receptacle containing a liquid and a compressed elastic medium, means providing a like plurality of worklchambers adapted to communicate with said receptacle, pistonv means in each of said work chambers connected to one of said first named pistons and adapted to force liquid into.
  • means providing a plurality of combustion chambers, a piston in each chamber adapted to be moved by the expansion of an ignited combustible mixture unreton, means to connect the piston means in the cylinder into which liquid is being forced to said driving shaft while liquid is being forced thereinto, and a pressure controlled valve for opening communication between each work chamber and said receptacle when a piston starts on its combustion stroke, said valve closing said communication as soon as said piston stops on its combustion stroke.
  • an internal combustion engine in combination with a driving shaft, means providing a plurality of combustion chambers, a piston in each chamber adapted to be moved by the expansion of an ignited combustible mixture unrestrained by mechanical connection to said driving shaft, a receptacle containing a liquid and a compressed elastic medium, means providing a like plurality of work chambers adapted to communicate with said receptacle, piston means in each of said work chambers connected to one of sa d first named pistons and adapted to force liquid into said receptacle and another of said work chambers and to further compress said elastic medium during the combustion stroke of said piston, means for controlling the time of flow of said liquid into said work chamber, means'to connect the piston means in the cylinder into each chamber adapted to be moved by the expansion of an ignited combustible mixture unrestrained by mechanical connection to said driving shaft, a receptacle containing a liquid and a compressed elastic medium, means providing a like plurality of work chambers adapted to communie
  • an internal combustion engine in combination with a driving shaft, means providing a plurality of combustion chambers, a piston in each chamber adapted to be moved by the expansion of an ignited combustible mixture unrestrained by mechanical connection to said driving shaft, a receptacle containing a liquid and a compressed elastic medium, means providing a like plurality of work chambers adapted to communicatewith said receptacle, piston means in g piston, means for controlling the time and rate of flow of said liquid into said work chambenmeans to connect the piston means in the cylinder into which liquid is being forced to said driving shaft while liquid is being forced thereinto, and means controlled by said driving shaft for igniting a fuel charge in each combustion chamber after the piston therein has reached the end of its return stroke.
  • each combustion chamber connected to a piston in an associated work chamber, a receptacle containing a, liquid and a compressed elastic medium formaintaining said liquid under a substantial pressure, means of communication between the liquid in said receptacle and each of said work chambers, each floating piston being adapted to move its associated work piston to force liquid from its work chamber into said receptacle at the rate determined by the normal expansion of a 'fuel mixture under combustion,
  • each combustion chamber connected to a piston.
  • a receptacle con-,- taining aliquid and a compressed elastic medium for maintaining said liquid under a substantial pressure
  • each floating piston being adapted to move its associated work piston to force liquid from its 'work chamber into said receptacle at the rate determined bythe normal expansion of a fuel mixture under combustion, and means normally closing communication between each" work chamber and said receptacle but opened by the pressure generated by the combustion of the fuelcharge in the corresponding combusfuelcharge.
  • com- I In an internal combustion engine, in com- I is being forced bination with a driving shaft; meansproviding a plurality of combustion chambers and a like plurality of work chambers, a floating piston in each combustion chamber connected to a piston a. fuel mixture under combustion, said pistons being disconnected from said driving shaft throughout the combustion strokes thereof, and means for connecting each work piston to said driving shaft throughout the 'period that liquid into the corresponding work chamber.
  • each floating piston being adapted to move its associated work piston to force fluid from its work chamber into said receptacle at the rate determined by the normal expansion of the motive fluid in said power chamber, said pressure fluid flowing from said receptacle into a second work chamber to move the piston in said work chamber on its working stroke, and means for connecting each work piston to said driving shaft only during its working stroke.
  • the method of utilizing the energy developed by a motive fluid in a combustion engine which includes the steps of expanding the motive fluid by combustion, displacing an element and a liquid medium in contact therewith by the action of said expanding motivefluid at the variable rate determined by the rate of expansion of said motive fluid and which for a portion of said period of expansion is in excess of the rate of use of-said liquid medium by a driven element, flowing said liquid medium by the action of said expanding motive fluid into driving relation with said driven element and simultaneously compressing an elastic medium by that displacement of the liquid medium which is in excess of that flowing to the driven element, utilizing the potential energy of said compressed elastic medium to continue the flow of said liquid medium to said driving element after the rate of flow of the liquid medium by the expanding motive fluid has decreased, and then reversing the movement of said driven element by the combustion of said motive fluid to drive said first named element in the opposite direction by flowing said liquid medium and compressing said elastic medium as defined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
US667096A 1933-04-20 1933-04-20 Engine Expired - Lifetime US2059802A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

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US667096A US2059802A (en) 1933-04-20 1933-04-20 Engine
GB10176/34A GB434612A (en) 1933-04-20 1934-04-04 Improvements in and relating to power transmitting mechanisms in reciprocating engines
FR771485D FR771485A (fr) 1933-04-20 1934-04-09 Perfectionnements aux moteurs
DEL85760D DE639863C (de) 1933-04-20 1934-04-20 Kraftmaschine, insbesondere Verbrennungskraftmaschine, mit frei fliegenden Kolben

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US667096A US2059802A (en) 1933-04-20 1933-04-20 Engine

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US2059802A true US2059802A (en) 1936-11-03

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US (1) US2059802A (fr)
DE (1) DE639863C (fr)
FR (1) FR771485A (fr)
GB (1) GB434612A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2584981A (en) * 1946-05-08 1952-02-12 Bright Cooper Buck Free piston combustion engine
US20050132984A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2005-06-23 Josef Fuerlinger Piston type aircraft engine
US20120118249A1 (en) * 2009-07-24 2012-05-17 Getas Gesellschaft Fuer Thermodynamische Antriebssysteme Mbh Axial-piston engine, method for operating an axial-piston engine, and method for producing a heat exchanger of an axial-piston engine
US9376913B2 (en) * 2009-07-24 2016-06-28 Getas Gesellschaft Fuer Thermodynamische Antriebssysteme Mbh Axial-piston engine with a compressor stage, and with an engine-oil circuit and a pressure-oil circuit as well as method for operation of such an axial-piston engine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE750440C (de) * 1942-12-22 1953-10-26 Gotthilf Schulin Antriebsanlage fuer Fahrzeuge und Maschinen mit Freiflugkolbenbrennkraftmaschine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2584981A (en) * 1946-05-08 1952-02-12 Bright Cooper Buck Free piston combustion engine
US20050132984A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2005-06-23 Josef Fuerlinger Piston type aircraft engine
US20120118249A1 (en) * 2009-07-24 2012-05-17 Getas Gesellschaft Fuer Thermodynamische Antriebssysteme Mbh Axial-piston engine, method for operating an axial-piston engine, and method for producing a heat exchanger of an axial-piston engine
US9376913B2 (en) * 2009-07-24 2016-06-28 Getas Gesellschaft Fuer Thermodynamische Antriebssysteme Mbh Axial-piston engine with a compressor stage, and with an engine-oil circuit and a pressure-oil circuit as well as method for operation of such an axial-piston engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB434612A (en) 1935-09-05
DE639863C (de) 1936-12-18
FR771485A (fr) 1934-10-09

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