US2059862A - Manufacture of photographic films - Google Patents

Manufacture of photographic films Download PDF

Info

Publication number: US2059862A
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: layers; cellulose; support; cellulose acetate; layer
Prior art date: 1935-01-16
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

US2081A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Harry Le B Gray

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Eastman Kodak Co

Original Assignee

Eastman Kodak Co

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1935-01-16

Filing date

1935-01-16

Publication date

1936-11-03

1935-01-16 Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co

1935-01-16 Priority to US2081A priority Critical patent/US2059862A/en

1936-01-11 Priority to GB1013/36A priority patent/GB468791A/en

1936-01-16 Priority to FR800772D priority patent/FR800772A/fr

1936-01-17 Priority to DEK140753D priority patent/DE662619C/de

1936-11-03 Application granted granted Critical

1936-11-03 Publication of US2059862A publication Critical patent/US2059862A/en

1953-11-03 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 48
229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 31
229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 22
239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 20
HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cellulose acetate Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O.CC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(C)=O)O1.CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 14
239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 10
239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 10
OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 9
108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 8
239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 8
229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 8
235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 8
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
-1 organic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 7
150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 5
150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 4
229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 4
238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Substances CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
AVMNFQHJOOYCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCC(O)=O AVMNFQHJOOYCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-dione Chemical group CCC(=O)C(C)=O TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)CCl KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
SPTSIOTYTJZTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SPTSIOTYTJZTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
PXGPQCBSBQOPLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid;propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O.CCCC(O)=O PXGPQCBSBQOPLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-Trifluoromethylhippuric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1

Images

Classifications

- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
- G03C1/93—Macromolecular substances therefor

Definitions

This invention has as an object to provide a light-sensitive photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and emulsion adherence .characteristics and including a base or support com-' posed of a cellulose organic ester. Another object is to provide a photographic film base composed of a mixed cellulose organic ester, such as cellulose acetate-propionate, which is adapted for the application of gelatin subs or undercoats without the use of solvents which induce brittlef hes in the finished product. A further object is to provide a photographic film having satisfactory fiexibility and emulsion adherence characteristics which may be gel-coated and emulsion-coated without the use of undercoats of cellulose nitrate. Other objects will hereinafter appear. I
a film support composed of cellulose acetate-propionate by coating an appropriate dope onto a film-form- 3(] ing surface by a known technique.
a dope may, for example, be composed of 19% by weight of a fully esterified cellulose acetate-propionate containing 30% acetyl and 16% propionyl (apparent acetyl 41%), 4.75% of tri-phenyl phosphate, and 76.25% of ethylene dichloride;
the conditions of coating are so controlled that, after evaporation of solvents and curing of the film by subjecting it to appropriate temperatures, a sheet or film of cellulose acetate-propionate approximately .008 inch in thickness is obtained.
Van Dyke Serial No. 722,251, filed April 25, 1934, and the patent to C. J. Malm and C. F. Fletcher, 2,026,583, relating to the selective hydrolysis of mixed organic esters of cellulose.
A designates a fihn support composed of a fully esterified cellulose acetate-propionate (41% apparent acetyl)
B designates a cellulose acetate-propionate sub-layer containing approximately 16% propionyl (39% apparent acetyl)
C designates a second cellulose acetate-propionate sub-layer in which the ester contains about 16% propionyl (35% apparent acetyl)
D is the usual gelatin sub-layer
E represents the final gelatino-silver halide emulsion.
the film as a whole has a high degree of flexibility and excellent emulsion adherence characteristics as determined by the usual tests for these properties.
the particular celluloseacetate-propionates employed may range anywhere from a fully esterified cellulose acetatepropionate, such as one containing 41% apparent acetyl, to an ester which has been hydrolyzed to 34.8%, or less, apparent acetyl. While I have chosen to illustrate my invention by reference to cellulose acetate-propionates in which the ratio of acetyl to propionyl has been maintained constant, my invention is equally applicable to the use of mixed esters in which the acetyl-propionyl ratio may vary. Likewise, other cellulose esters may be employed in the manner herein described, typical examples being cellulose acetate-butyrate, cellulose acetate-stearate, cellulose propionate-butyrate, and many others.
a photographic film support comprising a cellulose acetate film base of substantial thickness having superimposed on and adhesively joined thereto, a composite layer composed of a series of separate and distinct extremely thin layers of a cellulose acetate material substantially identical with the material of the base, but each of said layers composed of material hydrolized to a greater degree than the material of the layer next underlying it and to a less degree than the layer next overlying it, each of said layers being compatible with the material. of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto.
a photographic film support comprising a mixed cellulose organic acid ester film base of substantial thickness having superimposed on and adhesively joined thereto, a composite layer composed of a series of separate and distinct extremely thin layers of a cellulose organic acid ester material substantially identical with the material of the base, but each of said layers composed of material hydrolized to a greater degree than the material of the layer next underlying it and to a less degree than the layer next overlying it, each of said layers being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto.
a photographic film support comprising a cellulose acetate propionate film base of substantial thickness having superimposed on and adhesively joined thereto, a composite layer composed of a series of separate and distinct extremely thin layers of a cellulose acetate propionate material substantially identical with the material of the base, but each of said layers composed of material hydrolized to a greater degree than the material of the layer next underlying it and to a less degree than the layer next overlying it, each of said layers being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto.
a photographic film support comprising a film base of substantial thickness composed of fully esterified cellulose acetate propionate having superimposed on and adhesively joined thereto a composite layer composed of a series of separate and distinct extremely thin layers of cellulose acetate propionate, the material of these layers, respectively, being hydrolized progressively within the range of 41% to 34.8% apparent acetyl, each of said layers being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto.
a photographic film of satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite intervening layer comprising a series of separate and distinct extremely thin subs composed of a cellulose organic acid ester material substantially identical with the material of the base but each of said subs composed of material hydrolized to a greater degree than the material next underlying it and to a less degree than the material next overlying it, each of said subs being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto, and a gel sub adhesively joined to the most hydrolized sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
A-photographic film of satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite intervening layer comprising a series of separate and distinct extremely thin subs composed of cellulose acetate, each of said subs being hydrolized to a greater degree than the material next underlying it and to a less degree than the material next overlying it, each of said layers being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joinedthereto, and a gel sub adhesively joined to the mosthydrolized sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
a photographic film of satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a mixed cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite intervening layer comprising a series of separate and distinct extremely thin subs composed of a material substantially identical with the material of the base, but each of said subs consisting ofmaterial hydrolized to a greater degree than the material next underlying it and to a less degree than the material next overlying it, each of said layers being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto, and a gel sub adhesively joined to the most hydrolized sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
a photographic film of satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate propionate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite intervening layer composed of a series of separate and distinct extremely thin subs composed of cellulose acetate propionate, each sub consisting of material hydrolized to a greater degree than the material next underlying it and to a less degree than the material next overlying it, each of said subs being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto, and a 'gel sub adhesively joined to the; most hydrolized sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
a photographic film of satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a fully esterified cellulose acetate propionate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite intervening layer comprising a series of separate and distinct extremely thin subs composed of cellulose acetate propionate, the material of each sub being respectively hydrolized progressively within the range of 41% to 34.8% apparent acetyl, each of said layers being compatible with the material of both the underlying and overlying layers and adhesively joined thereto, and a gel sub adhesively joined to the most hydrolized sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.

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Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

US2081A 1935-01-16 1935-01-16 Manufacture of photographic films Expired - Lifetime US2059862A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US2081A US2059862A (en)	1935-01-16	1935-01-16	Manufacture of photographic films
GB1013/36A GB468791A (en)	1935-01-16	1936-01-11	Improvements relating to photographic films
FR800772D FR800772A (fr)	1935-01-16	1936-01-16	Perfectionnements aux films ou pellicules photographiques
DEK140753D DE662619C (de)	1935-01-16	1936-01-17	Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit von Schichten auf Traegern aus organischen Celluloseestern bei photographischen Filmen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US2081A US2059862A (en)	1935-01-16	1935-01-16	Manufacture of photographic films

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
US2059862A true US2059862A (en)	1936-11-03

Family

ID=21699176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
US2081A Expired - Lifetime US2059862A (en)	1935-01-16	1935-01-16	Manufacture of photographic films

Country Status (4)

Country	Link
US (1)	US2059862A (fr)
DE (1)	DE662619C (fr)
FR (1)	FR800772A (fr)
GB (1)	GB468791A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US2847709A (en) *	1955-03-14	1958-08-19	Eastman Kodak Co	Process of producing unoriented formed articles from high polymers
US3026276A (en) *	1958-11-03	1962-03-20	Eastman Kodak Co	Acetone solution of cellulose triacetate and vinyl polymer and process for preparing same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB201002315D0 (en) *	2010-02-11	2010-03-31	Goodrich Actuation Systems Ltd	Control system

1935
- 1935-01-16 US US2081A patent/US2059862A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1936
- 1936-01-11 GB GB1013/36A patent/GB468791A/en not_active Expired
- 1936-01-16 FR FR800772D patent/FR800772A/fr not_active Expired
- 1936-01-17 DE DEK140753D patent/DE662619C/de not_active Expired

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US2847709A (en) *	1955-03-14	1958-08-19	Eastman Kodak Co	Process of producing unoriented formed articles from high polymers
US3026276A (en) *	1958-11-03	1962-03-20	Eastman Kodak Co	Acetone solution of cellulose triacetate and vinyl polymer and process for preparing same

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
DE662619C (de)	1938-07-18
GB468791A (en)	1937-07-12
FR800772A (fr)	1936-07-18

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US2362580A (en)	1944-11-14	Laminar structure and its preparation
US3415649A (en)	1968-12-10	Process for the production of light-sensitive material containing coating aids
US2326058A (en)	1943-08-03	Photographic stripping material
US2096616A (en)	1937-10-19	Manufacture of photographic film
US2059862A (en)	1936-11-03	Manufacture of photographic films
US3053661A (en)	1962-09-11	Polyester film elements and subbing compositions therefor
US3220844A (en)	1965-11-30	Photographic products
US3635714A (en)	1972-01-18	Photographic films containing anti-static scratch-preventing backing layers
US3255000A (en)	1966-06-07	Activated hardening of photographic emulsions
US2258997A (en)	1941-10-14	Manufacture of photographic film
US2054284A (en)	1936-09-15	Photographic film
US2614932A (en)	1952-10-21	Photographic stripping film
US2835609A (en)	1958-05-20	Method for coating cellulose ester films
US2972534A (en)	1961-02-21	Subbing of polystyrene
US2334215A (en)	1943-11-16	Photographic tracing cloth
US2984569A (en)	1961-05-16	Manufacture of photographic films
US3640721A (en)	1972-02-08	Gelatinous photographic coating composition
US1981425A (en)	1934-11-20	Substratum for photographic elements
US2350124A (en)	1944-05-30	Photographic tracing cloth
US2673153A (en)	1954-03-23	Photographic element and method of identification
US2461475A (en)	1949-02-08	Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid
US2117814A (en)	1938-05-17	Photographic tracing cloth
US2140648A (en)	1938-12-20	Photographic stripping film
US2904434A (en)	1959-09-15	Plasticization of gelatin
US2337345A (en)	1943-12-21	Method of promoting the adherence of cellulose ester emulsions onto film bases

US2059862A - Manufacture of photographic films - Google Patents

Info

Links

Images

Classifications

Definitions

Landscapes

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=21699176

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (1)

Cited By (2)

Also Published As

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