US2070570A - Electrical compensator - Google Patents

Electrical compensator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2070570A
US2070570A US600191A US60019132A US2070570A US 2070570 A US2070570 A US 2070570A US 600191 A US600191 A US 600191A US 60019132 A US60019132 A US 60019132A US 2070570 A US2070570 A US 2070570A
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United States
Prior art keywords
line
switch
elements
series
section
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US600191A
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English (en)
Inventor
Batchelder Laurence
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Submarine Signal Co
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Submarine Signal Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Submarine Signal Co filed Critical Submarine Signal Co
Priority to US600191A priority Critical patent/US2070570A/en
Priority to DES105794D priority patent/DE605775C/de
Priority to GB4402/33A priority patent/GB411599A/en
Priority to FR751952D priority patent/FR751952A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2070570A publication Critical patent/US2070570A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric compensators.
  • Eleotric compensators were used with a group of re ⁇ ceivers submerged in the water, either mounted within the vessel or carried over the side, for detecting the presence of other vessels such as enemy submarines or warships. Compensators used in this manner have also found application along commercial lines and have been used successfully in preventing collisions between vessels as well as determining the direction of some known source of sound.
  • a compensator of the present type which may be called a group compensator
  • the groups are first individually compensated and then compensated as a whole between the two indicating or telephone devices in the same general way as in the prior art.
  • a switching arrangement is used which opens the line successively at difierent sections. The electrical contacts at the points where these openings occur are often poor, be-..
  • opening and closing of the switch contacts andprovesto be of special importance. when an amin which case all the electrical switch noises are amplified along with the signal.
  • the switching arrangement in the present invention is such that the line is varied at the common side and the line is therefore preserved intact while the switch is being moved from section to section.
  • the sections may be made twice this size with the result that a compensator i fewersections may be built and with the added result, as will also be noted, that both the intermediary and final lines can be made to have the same time lag.
  • the present invention also provides a single switching element whereby theoperator may listen on the port side or starboard side of the vessel as well as in an intermediate position in which a half of the port group and a half of the starboard group of receivers are employed.
  • the single switching arrangement also controls the application of the polarizing current to the magnetophones such that the receivers not used will not be excited.
  • Means are also provided in the switching arrangement whereby when the observer wishes to listen for the bow setting of the switch, the initial compensating lines are made to have a fixed relation to one another so that the receivers employed will be definitely compensated for a fixed forward position.
  • the arrangement in the present invention makes it possible to build a compensator of much smaller size than heretofore used.
  • the inductances may be obtained by the use of coils having iron cores.
  • the line may be made distortionless by a condenser having a power factor designed to accomplish this result. If mutual inductance is used, it is possible by designing the condensers with the proper power factor to have a distortionless line for the very wide frequency range.
  • Fig. 1 shows a part front view of the compensator from the outside;
  • Fig. 2 shows a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a section taken through Fig. 1 at the top on the line 3-3 as indicated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 shows a detail of the selector switch:
  • Fig. 5 shows another detail of the switch;
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic wiring diagram of the apparatus;
  • Fig. 7 shows a development of a part of the switch shown in Fig. 6 in its various operating positions;
  • Fig. 8 shows the position of the receivers in various connections efiected by the various positions of the selector switch;
  • Figs. 9a and 9b show a. simplified wiring diagram of two modifications of the present invention; and
  • Figs. 10 and 11 show a modified form of a switch eliminating the switch panel at the front as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the system is used in general with a group of hydrophones having the arrangement shown in Fig. 8.
  • the application in the present case shows the system as a so-called six-spot system, but any number of spots may be used and, in fact, other arrangements than those indicated in the drawings may be employed, as, for instance, a circular group or group forming other configurations in a plane or in a three-dimensional space.
  • Figure 8 four connections are illustrated: a illustrates the use of the six port hydrophones with a compensator; b illustrates the use of the six starboard hydrophones; c the use of bow compensation with the three forward receivers on each side; and d the use of bow compensation with the three aft receivers on each side.
  • the receivers on the port side are represented as 1'1), 2' B'p, the starboard receivers as l's, 2's 6's.
  • the forward half may be connected to the left ear and the rear half to the right ear in binaural compensation and the two half sides may be connected together for maximum compensation.
  • the forward half On the starboard side, as shown at b, the forward half may be connected to the left ear and the rear half connected to the right ear. for bow compensation the forward half or the rear half of the hydrophones by a proper switching arrangement as shown in Fig. 6.
  • FIG 6 the coils in the port receivers are represented by the same numerals as the receivers themselves in Figure 8 as will be seen at the bottom of the figure.
  • the hydrophones used in connection with this compensator are matched directly with the lines on which the'sound energy is impressed.
  • the direct current flux excitation is supplied by means of the windings l2, l2, I2, etc., which are connected in series groups of three by means of the switch 9 applying the potential of the battery l3 across the common It and the line.
  • a selector switch I5 is provided which has three positions: port position when rotated to the left as shown in Figure 6; a starboard position rotated to the right; and a bow position as indicated in the position shown in Figure 6.
  • Jumper connectors 1- and 8 which connect the switch arms l0 and 9 to the connecting points F on the left or A on the right.
  • the jumpers 7 and 8 are preferably fixed when the installation is made for the best choice on the vessel and thereafter are not changed unless it is especially desired to do so.
  • the forward group F connecting with i'p, Z'p, 3'1: and l's, 2's and 3's is used.
  • the receivers 4'12, 5'p and B'p and 4's, 5's and 6's would be connected to the compensator.
  • the switch 9 in its downward position is connected with the two switch points whose combination is designated 9B.
  • the jumpers 8 sloping to the left energize the coils in the receivers l'p, 2'1), 3'1) and l's, 2's and 3's. With the jumpers 8 in the other position the rear or aft group of receivers would be energized.
  • the end switch arms H and II connect the receivers with fixed compensation directly to the binaural line indicated at the top of the figure.
  • the receiver i'p is connected to the C-line at its left end.
  • the receiver 2'p is connected through the switch point 23 at the end of the fixed or F-line while the receiver 3' is connected at the right end of the C-line.
  • the energies from the receivers thus compensated in a fixed fashion are impressed by means of the connecting lead It to the common of one-half of the B-line as indicated by the numeral i!
  • the right half group is connected to the left connector I9 of the ring it by means of the connecting lead 2
  • the starboard receiver l's connected through the 68 position of the switch Iii connects to the left end of the C-line while the receiver 3's connects through the switch point 8B to the right of the C-line, and the receiver 2's connects through the Switch point 53 to the F-line.
  • the energy from the three receivers is conducted over the line 22 to the B-line through the lead 2! and also to one end 23 of the binaural headphone 24.
  • the other phone lead 25 connects to the opposite end of the B-line and similarly also one end of the phone 26 is connected to the other extreme end of the B-line.
  • the switch arm I5 In the port and starboard positions the switch arm I5 is moved to the left and right, respectively, that is to the left for the port position and to the right for the starboard position.
  • the receivers I'p, 2'1) and 3'p are connected to the left end of the C-line, the end of the F-line and the right end of the C-line, respectively.
  • the switch II in the position at the left connects the F-line to the switch contact 20 by means of the lead 21.
  • the switch I I in the position I I'p connects the F-line to the switch contact 30 by means of the lead 28.
  • the switch contacts 20 and 3b are adapted to move over the contact studs 3! to 36, inclusive, and 31 to 42, inclusive, respectively, each stud connecting to a difierent point on the left and right C-lines, respectively.
  • the contact switches 20 and 30 move on the same mechanism as the ring 18 and the switch brushes 43 and M; the position of the contact switches 20 and to adjustlng the compensation of the C-line and the position of the ring 18 and contact brushes 63 and 44 adjusting the compensation of the B-line.
  • the energy from the left F- and C-lines is fed into the B-line by the two conductors comprising the lead I6 together with a portion I! of the ring I8 and the switch 44 while the energy from the right F- and C-lines is fed into the B-line by means of the conductor 2
  • the ring l8 and the brushes 43 and 44 move simultaneously breaking the -B-line each half section in its motion. This is accomplished as follows:
  • the B-line is composed of series inductances 45 and 46, which are the two series halves and which with the condenser 50 form one section of the line.
  • the condensers 50 are connected between the series halves and the common.
  • the line sections may be. considered as either a T section or all section and are, in fact, first one and then the other, depending upon the switch positions.
  • the condensers 50, 50, etc. are a connected by means of the brushes 5
  • FIG. 9a A simplified circuit diagram of the arrangement shown in Fig. 6 is indicated in Fig. 9a and will aid in understanding the general wiring system.
  • , 62, 63, 64 and 65 represent 6 hydrophones.
  • 60 and 62 are connected to the ends of the left C-line, 63 and 65 to the ends of the right C-line.
  • GI and 64 are connected through the F- lines to the adjustable switches 66 and 61, respectively, which are adjusted along the C-line for the proper compensation of the end receivers of the groups.
  • the outputs from the F- and C-lines are connected by means of the common 60, the
  • Fig.9a there is no common lead to the pair of telephones and that separate returns are provided for each receiver which are connected permanently to the ends of the B- line.
  • Fig. 9b the receivers 14 and I5 are connected to the B-line at the point of break and not atthe ends, and the input from theF- and C-lines are connected to the ends of the B- line. Either method of connection can be used, but the system shown in Fig. 9a is perhaps more preferable on account of the more convenient connections of the hydrophones.
  • Figs. 1 to 5 The arrangement of the compensator switch is more clearly indicated in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive.
  • Fig. 2 which shows the switch in section, the compensator is contained in a casing 16 which has a cross support 11 upon which, by means of the frame 10, is supported the bearing I9 in which the shaft carrying the handwheel 8
  • Fixed to the shaft 80 by means of the pin 82 is the plate 63 which carries the movable elements of the switch as well as the compensator scale 84 mounted on the bracket 85 attached to the periphery of the plate .83.
  • On the plate 83 at the right, as indicated in Fig.- 2 is mounted the contact brushes 43 and 44 shown more plainly in Fig. 3. These brushes bear upon the studs 52 connecting to the coils of the B-line.
  • the movable ring l8 of Fig. 6 is mounted on the bottom side of the plate 83 and is in a contact position 7 with the brushes 5! mounted on a fixed plate 86 on which the
  • the plate 8 alsocarries the brushes 20 and 30 which contact with the studs 32, 33, etc., mounted on the plate 86.
  • the plate 86 is supported on the cross piece 11 by means of the uprights 81 and 68.
  • the handle 92 is mounted on a shaft 93 passing through the panel of the casing and carrying on the inner side the arm 94 pinned to the shaft 93, which arm carries a shield 95 having three openings 96, 91 and 98, as indicated in Fig. 5, the opening 96 giving view to the starboard scale, the opening 91 to the how, the opening 98 to the port.
  • the switch arrangement for eifecting the switching by the bar I5 of Fig. 6 is illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 4 the contact points are indicated with the same numerals as in Fig. 6.
  • the switch blades 9, l0, l0, etc., II and II are mounted on the plate 94 fixed to the shaft 93 while the contact studs lp, lb and Is, etc., are mounted on the fixed plate 95 held by suitable means to the cross support 'I'I or in any other suitable manner.
  • the switch plate I06 is mounted in a plane parallel to the switch plate 86.
  • the switch blades are mounted upon the plate I04 which is fastened by bolts or in some other suitable manner to the supporting disc H0 which is pinned to a central shaft I02 by means of the pin I05, as indicated in the figure.
  • the supporting disc 0 has an upwardly extending arm I03 at the extremity of which is fixed the scale plate 95 having the window openings 96, 91 and 98 as indicated in Fig. 5.
  • a switch knob I00 which is held to the shaft by means of the screws and'switch knob'firmly inplace and prevent it v from"-tuirning-in the shaft.
  • the screw III also serves'teprevenutne shaftfloz from dropping i-l'i-i' upon whichdsrh'ounted the" handwheel 8! in thef"samein'anner"asindicated in Fig. 2.
  • the outershaft'may'turn on the roller bearings its whilethe'inne'r shaft is also set on a bearing H3 at'the lower end: In'the upper switch plate IN rests and m'akesf-c'ontact with its spring switch blades on the lower switch plate Hit.
  • a spring superblid is provided 'in the frame I8 and three indentations idl a're provided in the disc H so that the switch knob I00 maybe set in one ofththree proper operating positions. Since the flin -I03 carrying the plate9 5 moves with the movement of the switch handle I00, the proper window will present for view through the position of the switch handle I00, the correct scale.
  • FIG. 11 A top' -view of the arrangement is indicated in Fig. 11 indicating port, bow and starboard positions of the switch handle and also showing the handwheel 8i and the window 89 through which the scale on the compensator may be read.
  • the B -line adjustment is eflected in a different manner.
  • the manner of operation is indicated in Fig. 7 in which a, b, c, d and e show successive positions of the switch from one section of the B-line to an adjacent section.
  • the contact brushes t3 and as and the contact elements it and 89 together with the contact segments 5d and 55 are in such a position that the line is terminated in so-called midshunt manner.
  • the condensers 56 being in series with the condensers 50 provide half the capacity at the ends of the line.
  • Fig. '7 illustrates the perfect termination of the line xwithout any additional elements present either in a mid-shunt or a mid-series termination, and further shows how the line is increased and decreaseduniformly a half section at a time.
  • the allowable size of section of the B-line is determined by the accuracy of observation of the binaural system or by the minimum perceptible diiference in the maximum method of observation, and the spacing of the hydrophones.
  • the size of section is approximately 1.8 water inches. In the present case I may use a section having about 3 water inches retardation and also prefer to use the same size section for the C-line.
  • the B- and C- and F-lines have the same cut-off frequency and have their impedances rather well matched and absolutely matched under the same conditions of termination of the B- and C-lines.
  • the compensator When the compensator is used for the maximum method it is advisable to put the two impulses coming from the B-line through transformers matched with the line and couple the secondaries in series or parallel as desired. In this way the entire energy may be used and combined in the maximum receiver.
  • An electric compensator including section elements comprising inductive elements conductively connected together in series, capacitive shunt elements conductively connected at one end between the series inductive elements and a further conductive element acting as a return conductor for the other end of the capacitive elements.
  • switching means including the return conductor having a permanent non-conducting interruption therein, said conductor adapted to be moved along the shunt element ends last mentioned to position the said interruption between the desired shunt elements and another contacting element positioned opposite the said interruption and means for positioning said contacting element to contact between the series connected elements, said return conductor and contacting element maintaining the same relative position.
  • An electric compensator including section elements comprising inductive elements conductively connected together in series, capacitive shunt elements conductively connected at one ductor having a permanent non-conducting interruption therein, said conductor adapted to be moved progressively along the shunt element ends last mentioned to position the said interruption between the desired shunt elements, and another contacting element positioned opposite the said interruption and means for positioning said contacting element to contact between the series connected elements.
  • An electric compensator including section elements comprising inductive elements conductively connected together in series, capacitive shunt elements conductively connected at one end between the series inductive elements and a 7 further conductive element acting as a return conductor for the other end of the capacitive elements, switching means including the return conductor having a permanent non-conducting interruption therein, said conductor adapted to be moved along the shunt element ends last mentioned to position the said interruption between the desired shunt elements and another contacting element and means .ior positioning said contacting element to bridgeat least one series element and be constantly opposite the said interruption, said return conductor and contacting element maintaining the same relative position.
  • An electric compensator including section elements comprising inductive elements conductively connected together in series, capacitive shunt elements conductively connected at one end between the series inductive elements and a further conductive element acting as a return conductor for the other end of the capacitive elements,switching means including the return conductor having a permanent non-conducting interruption therein, said conductor adapted to be moved progressively along the shunt element ends last mentioned to position the said interruption between the desired shunt elements and another contacting element and means for positioning said contacting element to bridge at least one series element and be constantly opposite the said interruption.
  • an artificial line comprising uniform inductive series elements permanently connected together and capacitive shunt elements forming uniformretardation sec- ,tions, switching means providing relatively fixed contact elements at mid and end points of said series elements and at the terminals of the shunt elements, and relatively movable contact elements connecting the terminals of said shunt contacts 60 together in'separate groups and connecting together the two non-adjacent contacts of the series elements positioned opposite said separation.
  • an artificial line comprising uniform inductive series elements permanently connected together and capacitive shunt elements forming uniform retardation sections, switching means providing relatively fixed contact elements at mid and end points of said series elements and at the terminals of the shunt elements, a relatively movable collector bar having two conducting segments with two insulated collector segments therebetween connected to said conducting segments through capacitive elements equal in value to said shunt element and contact elements always positioned opposite said collector segments and connecting two non-adjacent contacts of said series elements.
  • an artificial line made up of a common conducting side and series connected inductive elements including a shunt capacity connected to every'other series element, said shunt capacity elements being connected to the common side of the line and switching means having elements contacting between non-adjacent series elements and means for breaking the line at the common side opposite said last elements step by step, said means halving the shunt capacities adjacent the break atevery other step.
  • an artificial line made up of a common conducting side and series connected inductive elements including a shunt capacity connected to every other series element, said shunt capacity elements being connected to the common side of the line and switching means having elements contacting between non-adjacent series elements and means for breaking the line at successive points thereof including means opening the common side of the line opposite said last elements and halving the last shunt capacity first on one side and then on the other side of the interruption.
  • an artificial line made up of series inductive elements with a shunt capacity at every other series elementrconnected to the low side of the line, switching means for breaking the line at successive points thereof including means opening the line opposite the series side and halving said shunt capacities first on one side and then on the other side of the interruption and contact means short-circuiting the series element opposite the break.
  • An electric compensator having section elements comprising inductive series elements and capacity shunt elements forming an artificial lin means for effectively breaking said line betwee its ends and transferring a true half section comprising half the inductive series element and half the capacity shunt element from one side of the break to the other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US600191A 1932-03-21 1932-03-21 Electrical compensator Expired - Lifetime US2070570A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US600191A US2070570A (en) 1932-03-21 1932-03-21 Electrical compensator
DES105794D DE605775C (de) 1932-03-21 1932-08-09 Elektrischer Kompensator
GB4402/33A GB411599A (en) 1932-03-21 1933-02-13 Improvements in or relating to the directive transmission or reception of sound or other wave energy
FR751952D FR751952A (fr) 1932-03-21 1933-03-02 Perfectionnements aux compensateurs électriques pour la signalisation et l'écoute sous-marines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US600191A US2070570A (en) 1932-03-21 1932-03-21 Electrical compensator

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US2070570A true US2070570A (en) 1937-02-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US600191A Expired - Lifetime US2070570A (en) 1932-03-21 1932-03-21 Electrical compensator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2070570A (fr)
DE (1) DE605775C (fr)
FR (1) FR751952A (fr)
GB (1) GB411599A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2921288A (en) * 1946-03-20 1960-01-12 John P O'neill Underwater signalling
US3283269A (en) * 1962-03-12 1966-11-01 Bel Fuse Inc Tapped delay line

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2921288A (en) * 1946-03-20 1960-01-12 John P O'neill Underwater signalling
US3283269A (en) * 1962-03-12 1966-11-01 Bel Fuse Inc Tapped delay line

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE605775C (de) 1934-11-28
FR751952A (fr) 1933-09-13
GB411599A (en) 1934-06-14

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