US2079620A - Direction finding - Google Patents

Direction finding Download PDF

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Publication number
US2079620A
US2079620A US517510A US51751031A US2079620A US 2079620 A US2079620 A US 2079620A US 517510 A US517510 A US 517510A US 51751031 A US51751031 A US 51751031A US 2079620 A US2079620 A US 2079620A
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Prior art keywords
sound
maximum
filter
source
receivers
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Expired - Lifetime
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US517510A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kunze Willy
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Submarine Signal Co
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Submarine Signal Co
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • the present invention' relates to the art of determining :the direction of a source of compres# sional waves; and more particularly to sound waves propagated in air or water medium in which a group Aof sound receivers are used and in which the sound energy arriving at each receiver is brought-into the same phase at the indieatingv device.
  • the filter usedin-the present invention may be' -one which passes frequencies above eight hundred cycles, but I prefer ir most cases to use a highpass filter which has a higher cut-off, for in- 5 the filter stance, at fteen hundred cycles. It is very diiicult to obtain a binaural setting for frequencies'above fifteen hundred cycles, and in this range, therefore, the maximum-minimum method is most effective.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the sound intensity field with both low andv high frequencies present
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the sound intensity field with thel use of av high-pass lter
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a circuit arrangement
  • Fig. 4 shows a modification of the circuit shown in Fig. 3.
  • the line 4IJ', ⁇ having dots I, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, indicates the receivers arranged along this line on the dots just mentioned.
  • 'I'he curve 'I in this case shows the relative intensities with which sound is received coming from a direction in the same plane as the plane of the paper. For instance, a sound coming from the direction of the line 9, I2 will have an intensity corresponding to the vector value of the length 9,' I2. A sound coming from the direction 9, II will have the intensity corresponding to the vector length 9, II.
  • the line I0, I4 shows the relative intensity of the ysound received from a direction of III, I4.
  • the figures indicate that in the case of Fig. 1 for the decrease in the same intensity of sound the angle is u' while in Fig. 2 -this same angle is a.
  • the intensity drops oil' quickly wi-th small variations in angles, whereas in Fig. 1 it drops off much more slowly.
  • Fig. 3 there is illustrated diagrammatically by I, 2', 3, 4, 5 and 6 corresponding to the same numerals in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the electrical energy in the circuit 2l connected to the receivers I to 6, inclusive, through the transformers I to 20, inelusive, respectively, will be impressed upon the telephone 22 either through the filter indicated as 23 or over the straight transmission line 4I.
  • the lter 23 comprises the inductances 30 to 33, inclusive, in shunt and the capacity 26 to 29, inclusive, in' series between each shunted inductance.
  • Switches 24 and 25 are provided to throw or the transmission line in between Vthe telephone 22 and the ⁇ receiving circuit 2 I
  • Fig. 4 ⁇ the complete arrangement of the circuit in which a compensator using either the binaural or the maximum-minimum method and a filter and an amplifier associated together is shown..-
  • the receivers are indicated ⁇ to the right, both telephones shown a group of 4six receivers .tardation lines 44 and 45. 5, inclusive,
  • the eiective binaural ⁇ base is a distance between-'two adjacent receivers.
  • the system just described is chosen because this will give a sufficient binaural base to be used in checking the true maximum from auxiliary max# imum and'also iniaiding the determination of the direction of a source of sound when the two vessels are in the same field.
  • the amplier A is connected to the circuit at the stances the telephone 63 is groupof sound 'receivers while the telephone 62 is operated by the right group of sound receivers.
  • both retardation lines 44 and 45 are connected through the short leads 80 and 8
  • the common 83 is at all times permanently connected on one side to the Iamplifier .as at 84 and on the other side to the common lead to the right and left headphones 62 and 63.
  • the output lead 86 of the lter with lthe common 84 form the input to the-amplifier.
  • both the lter and the amplier are in circuit and the two telephones are connected in parallel, -botlreceiving the. same input and therefore. providing onlyV a,
  • the compensator 'shown at 43 is,
  • the leads 64 conduct the impulses through the switch 6l to the telephone head pieces 62 and 63 by'means of the leads 89 and 90.
  • the common 83 remains as before connected to the common to the two telephones. In this position the telephone 63 is connected to the retardation line 44, and the telephone 62 to the line 45, and a binaural listening is therefore possible.
  • the operator can either listen, first, by the binaural method or by the maximum method. If he listens by the maximum method, he preferably may use the filter 23 and the amplifier A to amplify the 4high-frequency sounds which may be somewhat weak if they are not the predominant frequencies from the listening source. In order thereafter to determine whether any ambiguity of direction exists, he may throw the switches 60 and 6l to the left and check his observation by the binaural method.
  • binaural method when the vessel to be vessel.
  • the binaural method may alone be employed or the binaural in combination with the maximum method may be employed as described just above.
  • a plurality of spaced receivers a pair of telephone receivers, a compensator for bringing the sound received at said receivers into substantially the same phase to produce a maximum sound intensity at the telephone, a filter and an amplifier adapted to be associated therewith at the output of said compensator, and means connecting said filter and amplifier in circuit after the compensator, and said telephone receivers as a singleY unit in the circuit after the other elements when the filter and amplifierare used and connecting said telephone receivers individually at the said output when the filter and amplifier are not used.
  • a plurality of spaced receivers a compensator, means for using said compensator for the binaural or maximum-minimum method, a high pass filter and amplifier associated therewith at the output of said compensator, a pair of telephone receivers, and means for connecting the filter and amplifier in circuit between the compensator and said telephone receivers 'in using the maximum-minimum method and omittingxthe filter and am lier in using the binaural method.
  • a compressional wave pickup system including a plurality o f spaced pick-up units and a telephone means associated therewith, means for adjusting said system to bring the energy at thetelephone means into substantially the same phase and create thereby an observable intensity maximum and means for filtering out the lower wave frequencies from the received energy whereby the maximum observation may be sharpened.
  • a method of increasing the accuracy of determining the direction of a source of mixed sound waves which consists in receiving the waves at a plurality of points spaced from one another, translating the waves so received into corresponding electrical impulses of the same frequency and character, conducting said translated waves to a common point, variably retarding the progress of the waves until said waves are brought in the same observable phase, ltering. the waves brought to the common point to pass only the higher frequencies picked up from the source whereby the accuracy of determination of the phase coincidence may be more accurately observed.
  • a method of increasing the accuracy of determining the direction of' a source of mixed sound Waves 4 which' consists first in receiving the sound waves at a plurality of points spaced apart one. from the other, transmitting the energy so received to a common point, variably retarding the time of transmission of the energy to the comto said common point mon point untilall of the energies have approximately the same observable time phase, ltering the energy after retardation to eliminate the lower frequencies from the source that is being observed and further adjusting the retarding of the 5 impulses to make a more accurate observation of the direction of the source.
  • a method of increasing the accuracy ⁇ of determining the direction ⁇ of a source of mixed sound waves which consists in receiving sound at 10 a plurality of points spaced apart one fromv .the other, transmitting the energy picked up at all of said points to a common center, variably retarding energy so picked up until a maximum intcnsity of energy isl/observed, filtering out the l5 lower sound frequencies of the source listened to after the energy has been retarded and varying the retardation until a sharper maximum is obtained.
  • a method of increasing the accuracy of de- 20 termining the direction of a source of mixed sound waves which consists rst in receiving the sound waves at a plurality of points spaced apart one from the other, transmitting the energy so received to a common point, variably retarding l 20 the time of transmission of the energy to the common point until all of the energies have approximately the same observable time phase, ltering the energy after retardation to eliminate the lower frequencies from the source that is being ob- 0 served and further adjusting the retarding of the impulses to make a.
  • the filter being adapted to lter out frequencies below a value not sub- Vand further adjusting the stantially less than 800 cycles arriving from the source of sound;
  • a method of increasing the accuracy of determining the direction of a source of mixed sound waves which consists in receiving the sound at a plurality of points spaced one from the other,-
  • a method of increasing the accuracy of determining the direction of a source of mixed sound waves which consists rst in receiving the sound waves at a plurality of points spaced apart one from the other, transmittingthe energy sc received to a common point, variably retardlng the time of transmission of the energy to the common point until all of the energies have approximately the same observable time phase, ltering the energy after retardation to eliminate the lower frequencies from the source that is being observed retarding of the impulses to make a more accurate observation of the direction of the source, the lter ltering out all frequencies below 1500 cycles whereby the frequencies o f the sound source above this value are observed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
US517510A 1930-04-30 1931-02-21 Direction finding Expired - Lifetime US2079620A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2079620X 1930-04-30

Publications (1)

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US2079620A true US2079620A (en) 1937-05-11

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US517510A Expired - Lifetime US2079620A (en) 1930-04-30 1931-02-21 Direction finding

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US (1) US2079620A (fr)
FR (1) FR714774A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3893063A (en) * 1944-03-15 1975-07-01 Us Navy Detection streamer

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3893063A (en) * 1944-03-15 1975-07-01 Us Navy Detection streamer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR714774A (fr) 1931-11-19

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