US2082042A - Radio system - Google Patents

Radio system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2082042A
US2082042A US722471A US72247134A US2082042A US 2082042 A US2082042 A US 2082042A US 722471 A US722471 A US 722471A US 72247134 A US72247134 A US 72247134A US 2082042 A US2082042 A US 2082042A
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United States
Prior art keywords
modulating
signal
radio
accordance
modulated
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Expired - Lifetime
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US722471A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolff Irving
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US722471A priority Critical patent/US2082042A/en
Priority to FR788883D priority patent/FR788883A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2082042A publication Critical patent/US2082042A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C7/00—Modulating electromagnetic waves
    • H03C7/02—Modulating electromagnetic waves in transmission lines, waveguides, cavity resonators or radiation fields of antennas

Definitions

  • My invention relates to radio systems and particularly, to systems which utilize electromagnetic energy having such a high frequency that.
  • An object of.my invention is to provide an improved method and means for modulating electromagnetic energy.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide an improvedmethod and means fortransmitting' '0 I produce one modulation in one part of a radio beam and another modulation in another part thereof by intercepting different parts of the beam by means of modulating devices such as tubes containing an ionized gas.
  • the central portion of the beam may be modulated in accordance with one signal while the outer portion of the beam is simultaneously modulated in accordance with a different signal.
  • I modulate adjacent sections of a radio beam by signals differing in frequency whereby a sharply defined path is provided which may be followed by an air craft or the like. If the 85 source of the beam is located at a landing field, aiid projected upwardly at an angle to thefield, anair craft equipped with suitable receiving apparatus may follow down the beam-to make a landing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 showing an 50 end view of. the modulating device;
  • Figures 4 and .5 are diagrams which are redevices may be employed, such as shuttersor screens, I prefer to employ an ionized gas. de-
  • Fi'gure 3 is a schematic diagram, partly in ferred to in explaining the operation of the apparatus shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure ii is a view showing the apparatus of suitable means for producing a beam of electromagnetic energy.
  • the apparatus illustrated con sisting of a generator of high frequency radio energy indicated at i which is connected. to a dipole antenna 3 positioned in a parabolic rcflector 5.
  • I 15 intercept difierent portions of the radio beam with different modulating devices whereby the said portions of the beam may be modulated independently. While various types of modulating vice of the type described and claimed in U. S. Patent No. 2,047,930, which issued on July 14, 1936, to Ernest G. Linder, and is assigned to the same 'assignee as this application.
  • the central modulating device 1 comprises a long tube I I filled with gas at a low pressure and bentinto a spiral to form a circular sector disc of gas,
  • the other modulating device 9 consists of a long gas.
  • Electrodes l5 are provided at the ends of the tube II and connectedto a suitable voltage supply such as a battery l1 through the secondary winding IQ of atransformer 2
  • the primary winding 23' of the transformer 2-l is connected through a battery 25 toa microphone 21 whereby the voltage applied to the electrodes l5,
  • the ionization of the gasin the tube l3 may be varied by means of a varyo I ing voltage applied to'electrodes 29 provided at the ends thereof through a circuit including a second microphone 3
  • the radio beam is modulated in accordance with the variations in the ionized gas as the beam passes therethrough.
  • the microphones are merely illustrative; they may, of course, be replaced by any suitable sources of modulating energy such as constant frequency generators.
  • the radio beam travels a certain distance from the reflector, without spreading much and then goes out in the form of a cone.
  • the modulating devices may be positioned at any point in the radio beam, they are preferably positioned at a point where'the beam has spread out into theform of a cone.
  • the surfaces of the modulating devices which are impinged on by the radio waves should either correspond as nearly as possible to the wave front of those waves, or they should have a very slight converging action.
  • the shape of the strata of ionizing gas also should lie along wave fronts for best results in order to keep from distorting the beam.
  • the airplane guiding and landing equipment shown in Figure 3 it includes a generator of high'frequency radio energy indicated at 31 having its output connected to a dipole antenna 39 positioned in a parabolic reflector 4
  • Two modulating devices 43 and 45 are positioned in the path of the beam for putting one modulation on the right-hand half of the beam and a different modulation on the left-hand half of the beam. In practice, the two modulating devices usually will' be positioned in substantially the same plane.
  • Each modulating device consists of a long tube filled with gas at a low pressure and having electrodes 41 at each end for ionizing the gas.
  • the modulating device 43 is connected through a battery 49 to the secondary winding 5
  • the primary winding 55 of the transformer 53 may be connected through a switch 51 either to a generator 59 which produces a signal havinga constant frequency Nz or to a generator 6
  • the modulating device 45 is connected through a battery 55 to the secondary winding 51 of a transformer 69.
  • the primary winding H of this transformer may be connected through a switch 13 either to agenerator
  • the keying devices 63 and 19 are operated by synchronism by a motor 8
  • Additional modulations are put on the upper and lower halves of the radio beam by means of modulating devices 85 and 81 similar to the modulating devices 43 and 45.
  • the upper modulating device 85 is connected through a battery .89 and a transformer 9
  • the lower modulating device 81 is connected through a battery I03 and a transformer I95 to a signal source I01 of constant frequency M2.
  • the radio beam is modulated in the manner indicated in Figure 4. It will be seen that the upper right-hand quarter of the beam (looking into the reflector 4
  • the' beam is modulated in the manner shown'in Figure 5. It will be seen that the upper right-hand quarter of the beam is modulated bythe signals A and M1; that the lower right-hand. quarter is modulated by the signals A and M2: that the lower left-hand quarter'ls modulated by thesignals N and M2; and that the Upper left-hand quarter is modulated by. the-sign is N and M1.
  • the transmitting and modulating apparatus is preferably -mounted upon a turntable "I99 located in a pit in the landing field.
  • the beam may be pointed into the direction of the wind at any time by rotating the turntable I09.
  • the manner in which the p beam is employed for making blind landings will be better understoodafter a consideration of the receiving equipment.
  • Each mechanical filter comprises a driving coil D, a pick-up coil P and a tuned reed R.
  • Filters- I and I21 are tuned to the frequencies Ma and M1, respectively, whereby filter I25 will pass the signal picked up from the lower half of the radio beam, while thefilter I21 will-pass the signal picked up from the upper half of the beam.
  • An indicating instrument I33 which comprises two pivoted pointers I35 and I31, the pointer I35 being connected to opposing solenoids I39 and I H whereby the position of the pointer I depends upon the current flowing through their coils.
  • the pointer I31 is connected'to opposing solenoids I43 and I45 so that its position, also, is determined by. the value of the 35 current flowing through thesolenoid coils.
  • the coil ofsolenoid I39 is connected to the pick-up coil P of the filter I25through a rectifier I41 while the coil of solenoid MI is connected.
  • the metadle I35 will intersect a circular marking I5I on the instrument dial. Therefore, if an air craft is 45 following 'down a radio beam at the center of the beam, the needle I35 will bein a horizontal'position intersecting the circle I5I since the signals Mian'd M2 picked up by the air craft will-be of equal magnitude.
  • the coil of solenoid I43 is connected to the pick-up coil P of filter I29 through a rectifier I53 while the coil of solenoid I45 is connected to the pick-up coil P of filter I-3I through a 55 v rectifier I55,
  • the needle 131 will be in a vertical position to inter 58051318 circleflil, since the received signals N1 and N: are of equal magnitude. If theair craft moves to one side of the center of the beamithe needle I31 will be deflected away. from'tlfe circular, marking III and the pilot will know that he must correct his course.
  • the beam as it passes through two modulating devices in succession. For example, as the beam passes through the device 45 it is modulated by the signal having frequency N1, and,'as it next passes through the device 51, it is not only modulated by the signal having frequency Ma but it is so modulated as to include signals of the frequencies M2+N1 and Mz-N1. 5
  • the receiving apparatus shown in Figure 8 is designed for use with a beam modulated in the 25. manner shown inli'igure 5.
  • the receiver preferably comprises the usualdipole antenna I 51, which may be positioned in a parabolic reflector- I59, and a detector I6I' for demodulating a radio. beam signal.
  • the demodulated signal is supplied 30 through a transformer I63 to an audio frequency amplifier I65 and through a filter I51 to a pair of headphones I69;
  • the filter I51 is designed to pass the N and A signals having the 500 cycle tone, but to eliminate the frequencies M1 and Ma. 3 Therefore, in the headphones I59 only the N and Akignals will be heard.
  • the vertical position of theair craft on the beam is'indicated by the position of a disc I" which preferably is mounted upon the face of any,
  • the artificial hori- ,zori which is illustrated, comprises a movable bar I13 and a stationary indicating device I15.
  • the indicating device 45 being the upper portion of an upright I11.
  • the angle of the bar I13 indicates whether the wings 5 ofthe'planejare level.
  • I81 connected to the output of the amplifier I65'through arectifier I93 and a mechanical filter I95 tuned to the frequency' M1.
  • the signals 7 M1 and Ma will be of equal intensity and the indicating disc I1 I will be positioned in the center of a circular marking I91 on the upri'ght'lffl. If the air craft moves into the lower half of the beam, for example, the indicating disc I1I wi1l 7 Using the fre-v 20' The solenoid coil r move below the center of the circle I91 and the pilot will know that he must pull the plane up to reach the center of the beam.
  • the pilot 5 determines his horizontal position by means of the signals appearing in the headset I69. If he receives either an A or an N signal, he knows that he is either to the right or to the left of the center of the beam. He then corrects his course until he hears a steady tone and, if the indicating disc Ill is in the center of the circle I 91 at the same time, he knows he is in the center of the beam and in position to make a good landing.
  • a system for signalling with electromagnetic energy having a radio frequency means for radiating said energy, a plurality of modulating devices, each containing a gas capable of being ionized, one of said devices being positioned to intercept a portion of said radiated energy, another of said devices being positioned to intercept a different portion of said radiated energy, and means for varying the ionization of said gas in accordance with desired signals.
  • means for producing a beam of radiant energy at an angle to'the vertical means for modulating an upper portion of said beam in accordance with one signal
  • means for modulating a lower portion of said beam in accordance with another signal receiving apparatus on said aircraft including means for demodulating said beam portions whereby said two signals appear in the output of said receiving apparatus, a visual indicating device, means for moving said indicating device in one direction in response to one of said signals and means for moving said indicating device in the opposite direction in response to the other of said signals.
  • means for producing a beam of radiant energy at an angle to the vertical means for modulating a portion of said beam in accordance with a first signal, said portion being below a plane which passes through said beam and which is substantially parallel to the axis thereof, means for modulating a portion of said beam above said plane in accordance with a second signal, means for putting two additional modulations on said beam, one of said additional modulations being put on a portion of said beam located on one side of a substantially vertical plane and the other additional modulation being put on a portion of said beam on the other side of said, vertical plane, receiving apparatus on said air craft, said apparatus including means for demodulating said beam portions whereby said signals and additional modulations appear in the output of said receiving apparatus, an indicating device, means for actuating said indicating device in one manner in accordance with said first signal, means for actuating said indicating device in a different manner in accordance with said second signal, and means for producing an audible signal in accordance with said additional modulations.
  • a system for guiding an air craft means for producing a beam of radiant energy at an angle to the vertical, means for modulating a portion of said beam in accordance with a first signal, said portion being below a plane which passes through said beam and which is substantially parallel to the axis thereof, means for modulatingaportion ofsaid beam above said plane in accordance with a second signal, means for putting two additional modulations on'sald beam, one of said additional modulations being put on a portion of said beam located on one side of a substantially vertical plane and the other additional modulation being put on a portion of said beam on the other side of said verticalplane, receiving apparatus on said air craft, said apparatus including means for demodulating said beamportions whereby saidsignals and additional modulations appear in the output of said receiving apparatus, a visual indicating device having two pivotally mounted pointers so positioned that they intersect as they are moved through a certain angle, means for controlling the position of one of said pointers in accordance with-said first and second signals, and means for controlling the position
  • a system for guiding an air craft means for producing a beam of radiant energy at an angle to the vertical, means for modulating a portion of said beam in accordance with a first sighe], said portion being below a plane which passes through said beam and which is substantially parallel to the axis thereof, means for modulating a portion of said beam above said plane in accordance with a second signal, means for putting two additional modulations on said beam, one of said additional modulations being put on a portion of said beam located on one side of a'substantially vertical plane and the other additional modulation being put on a portion of said beam on the other side of said vertical plane, receiving apparatus on said air craft, said apparatus including means for demodulating said beam portions whereby said signals and additional modulations appear in the output of said receiving apparatus, a visual indicating device having a pointer pivotally mounted to move to either side of a horizontal line and a pointer pivotally mounted to move to either side of a vertical line, said pointers being so positioned that they intersect as they are moved through a certain
  • means for projecting a beam of radiant energy over at least a portion of a landing field for said air craft and at an' angle thereto means for modulating the upper portion of said beam in accordance with one signal
  • means for modulating the lower portion of said beam in accordance with another signal receiving apparatus on said air craft including means for demodulating said beam portions whereby said two signals appear in the output of said receiving apparatus, an instrument comprising a horizon bar and an indicator, said indicator being below said bar when the nose of said air craft is pointed downward, a vertically movable indicator, a fixed reference point for said indicator, means for moving said indicator above said point in response to said one signal, and meansior moving said indicator below said point in response to said other signal.
  • meansior producing a beam of electromagnetic energy having a frecraft andat an acute angle thereto, means for modulating one portion of said beam in accordance with one signal, means for modulating another portion of said beam in accordance with a ,dlfierent signal, one ofisaid portions being 1oeated adjacent the other of said portions, means relatively positioning the first and second modulati'ng means whereby one of said means modulates the upper portion of said beam and while the other modulates the lower portion of said beam, and means for efiecting two additional modulations of said beam, one modulating one vertical portion of said beam and the other modulating an adjacent vertical portion of said beam.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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US722471A 1934-04-26 1934-04-26 Radio system Expired - Lifetime US2082042A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US722471A US2082042A (en) 1934-04-26 1934-04-26 Radio system
FR788883D FR788883A (fr) 1934-04-26 1935-04-16 Perfectionnements aux systèmes de radio-signalisation

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US722471A US2082042A (en) 1934-04-26 1934-04-26 Radio system

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US2082042A true US2082042A (en) 1937-06-01

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2638588A (en) * 1950-10-20 1953-05-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Electromagnetic-radiating system
US2688744A (en) * 1948-11-12 1954-09-07 Philco Corp Means for controlling antenna characteristics in object locating systems of the reflection type
US2917663A (en) * 1958-02-18 1959-12-15 Page Hayden J Synchronizing and compensating circuit for headlight control system
US3238531A (en) * 1963-03-12 1966-03-01 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Electronically steerable narrow beam antenna system utilizing dipolar resonant plasma columns
US3372394A (en) * 1963-07-29 1968-03-05 Trw Inc Electronically steerable antenna system utilizing controllable dipolar resonant plasma column

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0230969A1 (fr) * 1986-01-24 1987-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Réseau d'antennes à déphasage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2688744A (en) * 1948-11-12 1954-09-07 Philco Corp Means for controlling antenna characteristics in object locating systems of the reflection type
US2638588A (en) * 1950-10-20 1953-05-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Electromagnetic-radiating system
US2917663A (en) * 1958-02-18 1959-12-15 Page Hayden J Synchronizing and compensating circuit for headlight control system
US3238531A (en) * 1963-03-12 1966-03-01 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Electronically steerable narrow beam antenna system utilizing dipolar resonant plasma columns
US3372394A (en) * 1963-07-29 1968-03-05 Trw Inc Electronically steerable antenna system utilizing controllable dipolar resonant plasma column

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FR788883A (fr) 1935-10-18

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