US2092618A - X-ray installation comprising a movable anode x-ray tube - Google Patents

X-ray installation comprising a movable anode x-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2092618A
US2092618A US754299A US75429934A US2092618A US 2092618 A US2092618 A US 2092618A US 754299 A US754299 A US 754299A US 75429934 A US75429934 A US 75429934A US 2092618 A US2092618 A US 2092618A
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Prior art keywords
anode
switch
tube
contact
ray
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US754299A
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English (en)
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Albert Bouwers
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/66—Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with target movable relatively to the anode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates'to an X-ray installation and circuits therefor, which installation comprises an X-ray tube having a movable anode, and to methods of operating such'installations. 7
  • the present invention relates to an installation in which instead of two separate tubes, a single tube is used for both the radioscopic Work and for the exposure, the tube being of the rotatable anode type.
  • Rotatable anode tubes are comparatively expensive, and because of the high rotating speeds required for their use at the high instantaneous loads, and the difficulty of providing bearings within the high vacuum container of the tube which can stand such speeds, the useful life of such tubes is limited, even if lightly loaded, because of the gradual Wearing of the bearings.
  • the rotational speed of the anode for radioscopic work is considerably reduced below the value required for exposure work, or the anode may be kept altogether stationary during radioscopy.
  • the voltage applied to the tube, and the current passing through the tube are simultaneously, preferably automatically, adjusted to meet the requirements of the respective type of work.
  • the specific power applied to a stationary target portion during radioscopy will not be ex- 10 cessive, nevertheless I prefer to rotate the anode at a comparatively low speed during the radioscopy, partly to provide a more uniform wearing on the target during the radioscopic work, and partly because, the anode already having a slow rotation, it is possible to switch over from radioscopic work to exposure work without much time delay.
  • the rotation of the anode during radioscopy does not markedly shorten the life of the tube.
  • the anode may have a speed of 2500 to 3000 R. P. M. and for very high loads e. g. with 20 kw; a speedof even 5000 to 6000 R. P. M., during radioscopy with 250 watts for example a very low speed may be used, for instance to 200 R. P. M. or even less.
  • the adjustments of the operating voltage, of the operating current (for instance by means of the heating current), and of the speed of rotation, are done simultaneously and automatically (or semi-automatically) so that the establishing of the proper operating conditions for either radioscopy or for taking the exposures are obtained by the operation of a single switch or button.
  • the varying adjustments are thereby preferably effected by a single multiple contact switching device having two positions, one for radioscopy and the other 40 for radiography.
  • the variations in the speed of rotation of the anode may be eifected in various manners, for instance the stator may be supplied with difierent voltages or the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the stator may be changed.
  • a simple manner of changing the speed is by means of an impedance in the circuit of the I stator current, which, for radioscopy, sufficiently reduces the current and thus the torque, as to rotate the anode at the desired low speed. This impedance can be then short-circuited for exposure work, permitting the anode to rotate at its high speed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic wiring diagram in which the operating voltage of the X-ray tube is supplied from a transformer.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic wiring diagram in which the operating voltage of the X-ray tube is supplied by condensers during the exposure.
  • the X-ray tube I has its rotary anode 2 and its cathode 3 connected rer spectively to the two ends of the secondary winding 4 of a high-tension transformer I00 having a primary winding 5, and the cathode 3 is also connected across the secondary winding of a heating transformer 3i.
  • a two-position multiple contact switch 9 which is spring-biased in its lower position by spring 95 and electromagnetically raised into its upper position by actuating coil 13 which acts on a plunger rod.
  • the plunger rod of the switch 9 is provided with five contact arms Hill, :83, I64, Hi5 and I96, insulated from each other and adapt-ed to connect contact pairs 'l'2 i, 8I0, 2 !25, 262'I and 3839 respectively.
  • the contact arms I03 and ms bridge their respective contact pairs and the remaining contact arms are open, where as when the switch 9 is in its upper position, which is the position for taking the exposure, the contact arms I02, I04 and I06 bridge their respective contact pairs and the arms I93 and I05 are open.
  • a three-phase stator 33 is provided, and for supplying a three-phase current to the stator from a single-phase supply 55, a current supply device 34 is provided, which device may be a transformer or a frequency alternator; such constructions being well known need not be shown in detail.
  • the switch 56 is first closed, which causes the anode to rotate by energizing the device 34 from the supply I5 through a circuit including the conductors IT, 32 and 36, adjustable resistance .i'l', device 36, conductors 35 and 29, back to the other pole of the switch it.
  • the adjustable resistance 3? can be adjusted so that the anode 2 will rotate at a slow speed during the radioscopy.
  • the heating of the cathode 3 is effected by energizing the transformer 3! from alternating network I5 through a circuit passing through one pole of switch I6, conductors 2E) and I9, contact point 26, contact arm I65, contact point 21, fixed resistance 29, adjustable resistance 30, primary winding of heating transformer 3i, and back through conductors 32 and ii to the other pole of the switch I6.
  • the adjustable resistance 30 regulates the current through the incandescent cathode to the desired value for the radioscopy.
  • the autotransformer 6 is fixedly connected with one of its ends H to one end of the winding 5, this junction point being also connected to one pole of the switch it.
  • the other pole of switch it is connected through conductors I! to a fixed tap H of the autotransformer 6.
  • the autotransformer 8 is provided with a plurality of taps forming two groups, the first group,
  • Autotransforrner 6 is also provided with additional taps Which possibly together with some of the upper taps also cooperating with arm I2--cooperate with a contact arm 23 of a voltage regulator 23.
  • a hand switch It To use the tube for taking an exposure a hand switch It is closed, which energizes the coil l3 of switch 9 through a circuit passing through one pole of switch It, conductors 20, I3 and 92, coil I3, switch M, conductors I8 and I1, back to the other pole of switch IS.
  • the switch 9 being thus raised against the tension of spring 99 into its upper position, breaks connections at contact arms 33 and I05 and establishes connections at contact arms )2, I94 and IE6.
  • the heating current is increased through the heating transformer 3
  • This circuit can be traced as follows: From one pole of switch I6, conductors Bi! and I9, contact 24, contact arm I8 5, contact 25, adjustable resistance 28, primary winding of heating transformer 3!, conductors 32 and El back to the other side of supply 85.
  • the adjustable resistance 23 serves to adjust the heating current of cathode 3 to its proper value for taking the exposure.
  • the apparatus is now in condition for taking an exposure as the anode is rotating at high speed and cathode 3 is being supplied with the proper heating current for this purpose.
  • the application, of the operating voltage of the tube for the exposure is initiated and terminated by a time switch 22, which also regulates the time of exposure.
  • the energizing circuit of the high voltage transformer winding 5 is established by the actuation of the handle 22, which in its normal inactive position intercepts this circuit.
  • This energizing circuit can be traced as follows: From end MI of autotransformer 6 through winding 5, conductor I22, contact I, contact arm I02, contact 2
  • Adjustment of device 2% permits decrease or increase of the voltage applied to primary winding 5, and thus across the X-ray tube for the exposure.
  • the time-switch 22 In known manner, interrupts the energizing circuit of primary winding 5, after which by opening. switch l4 the apparatus can be returned to its proper condition for radioscopy.
  • Fig. 2 shows a modification of the arrangement shown in Figure 1, similar parts being designated by similar reference numerals.
  • the operating current of the tube during the exposure is obtained by utilizing the discharge current of previously charged condensers. Also the timing of the exposure is obtained without a time switch.
  • a multiple contact switch 53 is provided to establish the desired circuits for the operating current and heating current of the X-ray tube, and for the rotation of the anode for the conditions required for radioscopy, and for taking the exposure respectively.
  • Switch 53 is a two-position switch, being, as shown, biased in its right-hand position by a tension spring 911 and being moved into its left-hand position by an actuating magnet coil 6i, acting on a plunger rod which carries contact arms Hi3, H5, H2, H3 and I I4, which arms are insulated from each other and are adapted to connect contact pairs 65-61, IE-13, 5554, E i--15, and 6554 respectively.
  • contact arm H2 When the switch is in its right-hand position, which is the position for radioscopy, contact arm H2 bridges its respective contacts, and all of the 0 other contact arms are open, and when the switch is in its left-hand position, which is the position for taking the exposure, contact arms Ilii, ill, I I3 and i M bridge their respective contacts, while contact arm I I2 is open.
  • the three-phase stator 5 33 and control device 353 are assumed to be similar to those of Figure 1.
  • the operating current of the X-ray tube isobtainedfrom the condenser battery consisting of two series-connected condensers 5i and 52. 0
  • the condensers 5i and 52 are first charged through separate rectifiers and 43 by comp-lementary halfwaves of the alternating cur rent supplied from common high-tension transformer H5.
  • the rectifiers A5 and 48 are shown as being cathode rectifier tubes having anodes 46 and 58, and cathodes i t and 411 respectively.
  • One end of the cathode 3 of X-ray tube I is con nected to the anode 5i and to one terminal of condenser 5!, the other terminal of condenser .0 iii being connected to the end 93 of secondary winding 49 of high-voltage transformer 5 l5 having a primary winding 32.
  • To the other end of secondary winding 49 is connected the anode 46 and one end of the cathode ll, the other end of cathode 4? being connected to a tap H6 of the Y winding 49 for the supply of its heating current.
  • the anode 2 of the X-ray tube i is connected through the switch member H, for example a 0 switch as isdescribed in U. S. Patent 1,946,324, of
  • the other terminal of condenser 52 is connected to the end 5 93 of secondary winding 49. Across the ends of back through the other pole of switch It.
  • cathode 3 is connected the secondary winding of heating transformer 3
  • the device 34 is only slightly energized as the contact arm H3 is in its open position and the current to the device 34 must pass through an impedance Ti, and conductor 62 from the source 55; the other side of device 34 being connected through conductor 63 and closed time contact 58 to the other pole of source 55.
  • the anode 2 rotates at a slow speed during radioscopy, which not only conserves the bearings but also maintains the advantage of anode rotation.
  • the closure of contact 58 also energizes the heating transformer 31 from the supply source l5 through a circuit passing through one pole of switch 56, contact 58, conductor 51, primary winding of transformer 31, fixed resistance 29, variableresistance 30, contact 54, contact arm H2, contact 55, conductor 56, back to the other pole of switch it. serves to regulate the heating current of cathode 3 to its proper value required for the radioscopy.
  • the anode 2 is rotated at a slow speed, the incandescent cathode 3 is heated to the proper value desired for radioscopy, and the proper operating voltage of the tube is supplied from the secondary winding is.
  • a push button 60 is closed, which energizes coil 61 of switch 53 from the supply !5 through the following circuit: Through one pole of switch it, conductor 62, push button 58, coil iii, conductor (it, closed contact 58, and This contact arm H4 shunts push button 69, which retains the coil BI energized even if the button 6%! is released.
  • contact arm Iii With the switch 58 in its left-hand position contact arm Iii) bridges contacts ii! and 66 and energizes coil ill of switch 55 from the secondary winding of transformer at through the following circuit: conductor 68, contact 656, contact arm llil, contact El, conductor 69, coil H3, and back to the other side of the secondary winding of transformer 43.
  • switch ll interrupts the operating circuit of the X-ray tube.
  • the condensers 5i and 52 are charged up at a rate depending on the constants in their charging circuits and to a voltage approximating the maximum voltage existing at the terminals of the secondary winding 49.
  • switch 53 into its left-hand position also removes the resistances 29 and 30 from the energizing circuit of transformer 3
  • the heating current is thereby increased and can be adjusted to the proper value required for the exposure, by adjusting resistance 28.
  • connection through contact arm HE! is established prior to the closure of the heating current circuit through contact arm Iii, so that the contact at El! is interrupted before the contact arm Hi touches contacts ":12 and l3.
  • the current through coil ll! must remain flowing during the further movement of switch 53 and for this purpose contact arm H is designed to keep contacts 66 and iii connected. This has been indicated in the drawing by a small line at each end of the contact arm.
  • Contact arm H4 is of the same shape in order to prevent that switch 53 is drawn backward by spring 95] when the push button St is released before switch 53 has reached its left-hand position.
  • the switch 53 is provided with a time delay in its movement from right to left to establish a time interval between the interruption of the energizing circuit of the cathode 3 through contact arm H2 and the re-establishing of this energizing circuit through contact arm Hi; thereby the cathode will be permitted to cool down before switch 95 is opened and thus switch 95 will not be required to interrupt a current in the high tension anode circuit.
  • contact arm H3 causes the full supply voltage of the network i5 to be applied to the device 3Q through the following circuit: Through one pole of switch it, conductor 62, contact "M, contact arm H3, contact 15, conductor l6, device 34, conductor t3, contact 58, back through the other pole of switch It. The anode 2 is thus caused to rotate at the desired high speed.
  • switch 4! is opened, which de-energizes transformers H5 and 43.
  • De-energization of transformer H5 interrupts further charging of condensers BI and and also the heating of cathode 4'! of rectifier tube 43.
  • De-energization of transformer 63 causes de-energization of coils l8 and 5% and of the cathode id of rectifier tube 55.
  • de-energization of the cathodes of rectifiers 45 and 48 interrupts the circuits through same, whereas deenergization of coil 16 permits the closure of contact member H, thus establishing a discharge circuit for condensers 5i and 52 through the X-ray tube l.
  • the de-energization of coil 59 ultimately breaks the circuit of device 3 and the heating circuit of the cathode 3 and thus causing the stoppage of the rotation of the anode after the exposure has been completed.
  • An X-ray installation comprising an Y-ray tube having a movable anode, an electric power supply system for said tube comprising a source of power and adjusting means to adjust the amount of power supplied to the tube, a second electric system for moving said anode comprising control means to control the rate of movement thereof, and means for interlocking said adjusting means and said control means to cause simultaneous operation thereof and to cause the anode to move a higher rate for a larger amount of power supplied to the tube and to move at a lower rate for smaller amount of power supplied to the tube.
  • An X-ray installation comprising an X-ray tube having a rotatable anode, an electric power supply system for said tube comprising a source of power and adjusting means to adjust the amount of power supplied to the tube, a second electric system for rotating said anode, comprising control means to control the rotational speed of the anode, and means for interlocking said adjusting means and said control means to cause simultaneous operation thereof and to cause the rotational speed of the anode to be higher for a larger amount of power supplied to the tube and lower for a smaller amount of power supplied to the tube.
  • An X-ray installation comprising an X-ray tube having a rotatable anode, an electric supply system for said tube comprising a source of power and adjusting means to adjust the operating current and operating voltage of the X-ray tube to values suitable for radiography and to values suitable for radioscopy, a second electric system for rotating said anode comprising control means to control the rotational speed of the anode to a high value and to a low value, and switching means connected with said adjusting means and said control means to cause the rotational speed of the anode to have the low value when the operating current and voltage of the X-ray tubes are adjusted to the radioscopic values, and to have the high value when the operating current and voltage of the tube are adjusted to the radiographic values.
  • An X-ray installation comprising an X-ray tube having an incandescible cathode and a rotatable anode, an electric system for rotating said anode comprising an electromagnetic stator and a device for energizing said stator, an electric power supply system for said tube comprising means for energizing said cathode and means for applying an electromotive force across said anode and cathode, and a two-position switching device having a set of contacts for controlling said energizing means and said means for applying electromotive force, and a second set of contacts for controlling said device, said switching device in one position conditioning said electric power supply system for supplying the power required for radioscopic work and conditioning said device to give the rotational speed of said anode a low value, and in its second position conditioning said electric power supply system for supplying the power required for radiographic exposures and conditioning said device to give the rotational speed of the anode a high value.
  • a two-position switching device for controlling the operating current to the tube and the rotational speed of the anode, said device comprising a set of contacts which when closed conduct current for radioscopic examination and for slowly rotating the anode, and a second set of contacts which when closed conduct current for radiographic exposures and for rapidly rotating the anode, one set of contacts being closed in each position of the device.
  • An X-ray installation comprising an X-ray tube having an incandescible cathode and a rotatable anode, an electric system for supplying power to said tube comprising means for applying an electromotive force across said anode and cathode, and means for energizing said cathode, said energizing means comprising a transformer having a secondary winding connected across said cathode and a primary winding, and an electric circuit including said secondary winding, two resistances, a stator for rotating said anode and a second electric supply system connected therewith to provide for a high speed of rotation and a low speed of rotation of said anode, and a two-position switching device which in one position establishes in said second supply system the conditions for providing the higher speed of rotation and connects one of said resistances in said circuit, and in its other position establishes in said second supply system the conditions for providing for the lower speed of rotation and connects the other of said resistances in said circuit.
  • An X-ray installation comprising an X-ray tube having an incandescible cathode and a rotatable anode, an electric system for supplying power to said X-ray tube including a heating current transformer having a secondary winding connected across said cathode and a primary winding, a second electric system for rotating said anode comprising an electromagnetic stator, leads for supplying electric current to said stator and an impedance in one of said leads, a resistance, a second resistance having a considerably lower value than said first resistance, and a twoposition multi-contact switching device, said device in one position connecting said first resistance in series with said primary winding, said device in its other position connecting in place of said first resistance said second resistance in series with said primary winding and short-circuiting said impedance. 7
  • an electric system for rotating said anode comprising an electromagnetic stator, means for supplying power to the stator, and means to automatically change the amount of power supplied to the stator in accordance with the power supplied to the tube so that the anode rotates at about 100 R. P. M. during radioscopy and at several thousand R. P. M. during radiography.
  • an electric system for rotating said anode comprising an electromagnetic stator, an alternating current supply for said stator to produce a revolving flux and a corresponding rotational speed of said anode, a frequency alternating device connected to said stator for changing the rate of revolution of the flux and the rotational speed of the anode, means to adjust the amount of power supplied to the tube to a low value for radioscopy and to a high value for radiography, and means cooperating with said adjusting means to vary the amount of power supplied to said device to cause the anode to rotateat a high speed during radiography and at a relatively low speed during radioscopy.
  • An X-ray installation comprising an X-ray tube having a movable anode, an electric power supply system for said tube comprising a source of power and adjusting means to adjust the power input to the tube to a high value suitable for radiography and to a low value suitable for fiuoroscopy, said low value being less than the permissible input to the tube with said anode stationary, and a second electric system for moving said anode at a high speed during the application of said high input including means to maintain the speed of the anode at a low value during application of the low power input.

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US754299A 1933-11-27 1934-11-22 X-ray installation comprising a movable anode x-ray tube Expired - Lifetime US2092618A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM125711D DE638769C (de) 1933-11-27 1933-11-27 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Betriebe von Roentgenroehren mit beweglicher Anode

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US (1) US2092618A (de)
AT (1) AT143023B (de)
DE (1) DE638769C (de)
FR (1) FR781864A (de)
GB (1) GB428672A (de)
NL (1) NL41302C (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3205360A (en) * 1963-01-15 1965-09-07 Gen Electric Load sensitive rotating anode x-ray tube speed selector
US3244884A (en) * 1962-08-14 1966-04-05 Picker X Ray Corp X-ray tube starter
US3335280A (en) * 1964-09-09 1967-08-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two speed rotary anode x-ray tube driven by a two-phase induction motor
US3974384A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic apparatus for radioscopy and X-ray film exposures including an X-ray tube having a rotating anode

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1105530B (de) * 1957-01-28 1961-04-27 Transform Roentgen Matern Veb Vom Anodenumlauf ueber magnetische Kreise beeinflusster UEberlastungsschutz fuer Drehanoden-Roentgenroehren
DE1091244B (de) * 1958-08-06 1960-10-20 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Schaltungsanordnung fuer den Antrieb des Motors einer Drehanodenroentgenroehre
DE2551283C3 (de) * 1975-11-14 1981-02-19 Hokuriku Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Katsuyama, Fukui (Japan) Monofumarsäuresalz von 3-Pyridylmethylnikotinat und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3021048A1 (de) * 1980-06-03 1981-12-10 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Antrieb fuer drehanoden von roentgenroehren
DD153949A1 (de) * 1980-10-31 1982-02-10 Joachim Glaesel Schaltungsanordnung fuer einen antrieb einer drehanode einer roentgenroehre

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3244884A (en) * 1962-08-14 1966-04-05 Picker X Ray Corp X-ray tube starter
US3205360A (en) * 1963-01-15 1965-09-07 Gen Electric Load sensitive rotating anode x-ray tube speed selector
US3335280A (en) * 1964-09-09 1967-08-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two speed rotary anode x-ray tube driven by a two-phase induction motor
US3974384A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic apparatus for radioscopy and X-ray film exposures including an X-ray tube having a rotating anode

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Publication number Publication date
GB428672A (en) 1935-05-16
NL41302C (nl) 1937-08-16
FR781864A (fr) 1935-05-23
DE638769C (de) 1936-11-23
AT143023B (de) 1935-10-10

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