US2093892A - Enclosed electric arc lamp - Google Patents

Enclosed electric arc lamp Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2093892A
US2093892A US8286A US828635A US2093892A US 2093892 A US2093892 A US 2093892A US 8286 A US8286 A US 8286A US 828635 A US828635 A US 828635A US 2093892 A US2093892 A US 2093892A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
diameter
electrode
electrodes
lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US8286A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lemmers Eugene
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US8286A priority Critical patent/US2093892A/en
Priority to US16614A priority patent/US2121637A/en
Priority to GB5648/36A priority patent/GB449862A/en
Priority to FR802417D priority patent/FR802417A/fr
Priority to GB10747/36A priority patent/GB462500A/en
Priority to FR47264D priority patent/FR47264E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2093892A publication Critical patent/US2093892A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
    • H01J1/28—Dispenser-type cathodes, e.g. L-cathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/822—High-pressure mercury lamps

Definitions

  • An advantage of my lamp is that, because of the operation of the lamp at temperatures rather close to the softening point of theglass used for the envelope which in turn permits the attain-- ment of the desired high vapor pressures. .In lamps having envelopes of conventional shapes, the temperature differential in difi'erent parts of the envelope is so great that when the hot portion is kept safely below the softening point of the glass envelope, the comparatively cooler portion is at too low a temperature to provide the desired high pressure because of the condensation there of the vaporizable metal.
  • the envelope of the lamp is so shaped and the electrodes are mounted in such a manner that the temperature of the bulb during operation is as nearly uniform as possible, while the shape of the envelope is reasonably practical.
  • the said envelope is of larger diameter at the top than at the bottom, the midportion of said envelope preferably increasing in diameter substantially uniformly from the bottom to the top.
  • the said envelope is preferably somewhat oval-shaped.
  • the electrodes are 'disposed in the vertical axis of said envelope so that the positive column path therebetween is in the said vertical axis, the upper electrode being preferably disposed adiacent the largest diameter of said envelope.
  • the drawing is a vertical elevation of a high pressure'metal vapor (mercury) 'arc lamp constructed in accordance with my invention.
  • the lamp comprises a glass envelope or bulb I containing a readily ionizable gas, such'as argon, and a vaporizable metal, preferably a globule of mercury ii.
  • a readily ionizable gas such'as argon
  • a vaporizable metal preferably a globule of mercury ii.
  • the pair of electrodes i2, II are disposed in the vertical and longitudinalaxis of the envelope ill.
  • the said electrodes may consist of blocks of tungsten impregnated with an electron emissive material, such as barium or strontium oxide or a 5 mixture of such materials.
  • the upper electrode I2 is mounted on a lead wire it, preferably of tungsten, which extends through an axial hole in said electrode.
  • a molybdenum wire is spot welded to the said lead ll and electrode ii to secure the electrode on the lead.
  • the lower electrode II is similarly mounted on a lead wire it and secured by an angular wire II.
  • a lamp of the particular proportions illustrated l5 in the drawing has been constructed and operated successfully in a 400 watt capacity size. operating at 70 volts and 6.35 amperes.
  • the envelope ill in this case was filled with argon gas at a pressure of 8 mm. and contained .033 cc.
  • the upper electrode i2 is substantially at the center of curvature of the spherical upper end of the envelope I I, that is, it is adJacent the largest diameter of said envelope.
  • the lower electrode II in this particular portion which increases in diameter substantially uniformly from the lower to the upper end ber
  • the active or arc-sustaining end or surface it of the upper electrode i2 is approximately three times as far from the upper end is of the envelope it as the active end or surface 20 of the lower electrode I8 is from the lower end 2i of said envelope. The distance from the said surface or end I! of electrode i!
  • the diameter of the envelope l0 adjacent the end iii of electrode I2 is approximately fifty per cent greater than the diameter of said envelope adjacent the end 20 of electrode it.
  • the temperature of the envelope at' various points was measured and the results were approximately C.,that is, the manimumtemperature of the envelope was less than twenty per cent greater than the minimum temperature.
  • the operat-- ing pressure of the lamp was approximately two atmospheres. It is important in a lamp operating at a pressure in excess of about one atmosphere that the temperature is either the same at all points between the electrodes or that it increases uniformly from the lower to the upper electrode, that is, there must not be a dip in the temperature gradient between the electrodes because the arc would in that case bow out toward the cooler region.
  • the temperature at the bottom is so much lower that the desired mercury pressure cannot be reached due to condensation of the mercury at the bottom.
  • the actual ratios of small bottom diameter to large top diameter of the envelope will vary with changes in arc length, operating pressure, electrode size and shape, total watts, etc.
  • the bottom diameter is preferably smaller than that of the envelope illustrated in the drawing, more nearly resembling a top" than an oval, because of the cooling efiect of the air passing upward. along said envelope.
  • the electrodes in the lamp may also be of the indirectly heated or directly heated type. However, they are solid electrodes as distinguished from electrodes of metallic liquid such as mercury.
  • a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp adapted to have its longitudinal axis vertically disposed and comprising an envelope containing a quantity of vaporizable metal, upper and lower electrodes in said envelope disposed in said longitudinal axis, the upper electrode being located at a substantially greater distance from the top of said envelope than the lower electrode is from the bottom of said envelope, the diameter of said envelope adjacent said upper electrode being greater than the diameter of said envelope adjacent said lower electrode, and the portion of said envelope between said electrodes increasing substantially uniformly in diameter from the bottom to the top.
  • a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp adapted. to have its longitudinal axis vertically disposed and comprising an envelope cont a quantity of vaporizablemetal, upper and lower electrodes in said envelope disposed in said longitudinal axis, the distance from the arc smaining surface of the upper electrode to the upper end of said envelope being at least twice the distance from the arc sustaining surface of the lower electrode to the lower end of said envelope, the diameter of said envelope adjacent said upper electrode being greater than the diameter of said envelope adjacent said lower electrode, and the portion of said envelope between said electrodes increasing substantially uniformly in diameter from the bottom to the top.
  • a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp adapted to have its longitudinal axis vertically disposed and comprising an envelope containing a quantity of vaporizable metal, upper and lower electrodes in said envelope disposed in said longi the distance from the arc sustaining surface of the lower electrode to the lower end of said envelope, the diameter of said envelope adjacent said upper electrode being greater than the diameter of said envelope adjacent said lower electrode, and the portion of said envelope between said electrodes increasing substantially uniformly in diameter from the bottom to the top.
  • a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp adapted to have its longitudinal axis vertically disposed and comprising an envelope containing a quantity of vaporizable metal, upper and lower electrodes in said envelope disposed in said longitudinal axis, the distance from the arc sustaining surface of the upper electrode to the upper end of said envelope being at least twice the distance from the arc sustaining surface of the lower electrode to the lower end of said envelope, the diame'terof said envelope adjacent said arc sustaining surface of said upper electrode being at least twenty-five per cent greater than the diameter of said envelope adjacent said are sustaining surface of said lower electrode, and the portion of said envelope between said electrodes increasing substantially uniformly in diameter from the bottom to the top.
  • a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp comprising a substantially oval-shaped envelope and adapted to have its longitudinal axis vertically disposed with the larger end of said envelope uppermost, said envelope containing a quantity of vaporizable metal, the upper and lower end portions of said envelope being substantially spherical, upper and lower electrodes in said envelope disposed in said vertical axis, the upper electrode being disposed substantially at the center of curvature of the upper end portion of said envelope and the lower electrode being disposed below the center of curvature of the lower end portion of said envelope.
  • a high pressure metal vapor are lamp adapted to be mounted with its longitudinal axis vertically disposed and to operate at a pressure in excess of one atmosphere and comprising a vitreous envelope containing a quantity of readily vaporizable metal, upper and lower solid else rodes in said envelope.
  • the upper electrode being located at a substantiallygreater distance from the top oi said envelope than the lower electrode is from the bottom of said envelop and the diameter of said envelope adjacent said upper electrode being substantially greater than the diameter of said envelope adjacent said lower electrode.
  • a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp adapted to be mounted with its longitudinal axis verticaliy disposed and to operate at a pressure in excess of one atmosphere and comprising a vitreous envelope containing a quantity oi readily vaporizable metal, and upper and lower solid electrodes disposed in said longitudinal axis.
  • said envelope being of substantially uniformly increasing diameter i'rom a point adjacent said lower electrode to a point adiaccnt said upper electrode so that the temperature gradient along 20 the wall or said envelope between said electrodes during operation or the lamp is substantially uniform.
  • a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp adapted to be mounted with its longitudinal axis vertically disposed and to operate at a pressure in excess of one atmosphere and comprising a vitreous envelope containing a quantity of readily vaporizable metal, and upper and lower solid electrodes disposed in said longitudinal axis, the diameter of said envelope opposite the upper electrode being greater than the diameter of said envelope opposite the lower electrode, and said envelope between said electrodes being of substantially uniformly increasing diameter from said lower electrode to said upper electrode so that the maximum temperature therein during operation of the lamp is not more than approximately twenty per cent greater than the minimum temperature.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US8286A 1935-02-26 1935-02-26 Enclosed electric arc lamp Expired - Lifetime US2093892A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8286A US2093892A (en) 1935-02-26 1935-02-26 Enclosed electric arc lamp
US16614A US2121637A (en) 1935-02-26 1935-04-16 Electrode for electric discharge devices
GB5648/36A GB449862A (en) 1935-02-26 1936-02-25 Improvements in and relating to electric arc lamps
FR802417D FR802417A (fr) 1935-02-26 1936-02-26 Perfectionnements aux tubes à décharge
GB10747/36A GB462500A (en) 1935-02-26 1936-04-14 Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
FR47264D FR47264E (fr) 1935-02-26 1936-04-16 Perfectionnements aux tubes à décharge

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8286A US2093892A (en) 1935-02-26 1935-02-26 Enclosed electric arc lamp

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2093892A true US2093892A (en) 1937-09-21

Family

ID=21730787

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US8286A Expired - Lifetime US2093892A (en) 1935-02-26 1935-02-26 Enclosed electric arc lamp
US16614A Expired - Lifetime US2121637A (en) 1935-02-26 1935-04-16 Electrode for electric discharge devices

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16614A Expired - Lifetime US2121637A (en) 1935-02-26 1935-04-16 Electrode for electric discharge devices

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US2093892A (fr)
FR (2) FR802417A (fr)
GB (2) GB449862A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2965790A (en) * 1949-08-20 1960-12-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure gas lamp
US3271619A (en) * 1963-07-26 1966-09-06 Gen Electric Triggered vacuum discharge device
US3883766A (en) * 1973-07-19 1975-05-13 Gte Sylvania Inc Method of operating high-intensity arc discharge lamp

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517223A (en) * 1948-08-23 1950-08-01 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Preparation of internally oxidized catalysts
US2969294A (en) * 1954-03-18 1961-01-24 James J Shyne Method of impregnating uranium in graphite
US2914402A (en) * 1957-02-26 1959-11-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of making sintered cathodes
US3489602A (en) * 1965-05-25 1970-01-13 Hughes Aircraft Co Method of impregnating porous tungsten and resulting article
US4347022A (en) * 1978-10-02 1982-08-31 Precision Metal Fabricators, Inc. Air table system
GB2173944A (en) * 1985-04-18 1986-10-22 Noblelight Limited Construction of porous impregnated cathodes for discharge tubes
GB2173943A (en) * 1985-04-18 1986-10-22 Noblelight Limited Improvements in and relating to cathodes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2965790A (en) * 1949-08-20 1960-12-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure gas lamp
US3271619A (en) * 1963-07-26 1966-09-06 Gen Electric Triggered vacuum discharge device
US3883766A (en) * 1973-07-19 1975-05-13 Gte Sylvania Inc Method of operating high-intensity arc discharge lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR802417A (fr) 1936-09-04
GB449862A (en) 1936-07-06
US2121637A (en) 1938-06-21
FR47264E (fr) 1937-03-05
GB462500A (en) 1937-03-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2104652A (en) Electric discharge device
US3013169A (en) High output fluorescent lamp
US2093892A (en) Enclosed electric arc lamp
US2262177A (en) Lighting and radiating tube
US3067357A (en) Electric discharge lamp electrode
US2749462A (en) High pressure mercury vapor lamp with zirconium getter
US2177714A (en) Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US2549355A (en) Fluorescent lamp
US4910430A (en) High pressure sodium lamp substantially preventing movement of melted sodium-mercury amalgam during use
US2114869A (en) Quartz-to-metal seal
US2241362A (en) Electron emissive cathode
US2130304A (en) Enclosed electric arc lamp
US2273450A (en) High pressure metal vapor lamp
US3013175A (en) High output discharge lamp
US2241345A (en) Electron emissive cathode
US1749780A (en) Incandescent-cathode device
US2080925A (en) Electric discharge device
US2121638A (en) Electric discharge device
US2560346A (en) Glow discharge voltage control device
US2103031A (en) Electric gaseous discharge device
US2561898A (en) Electric discharge lamp
US2009211A (en) Gaseous electric discharge device
US2164183A (en) Electric lamp
US1968823A (en) Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US2730424A (en) Method and apparatus for making high pressure mercury vapor lamps