US2095239A - Locomotive feed water heating system and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

0d:- 12, 1937 J. s. CQFFIN, JR., er Al.

LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS Filed-May 14, 1955 s sheets-sheet 1 Oct. 12, 1937.

J. s. CQFFIN, JR., Er- AL 2,095,239 LocoMoTIvE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS f Filed May 14, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 mi, f Tf. i4- ---A.

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LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS Filed May 14, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 figa.

rrEs PATENT oFFlcE i` LoCoMoTIvE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS Joel S. Coiiin, Jr., Englewood, N. J., and Christopher A. Schellens, Clifton, Mass., assignors to C.S. rEngineering Company, Englewood,

n N. J., a corporation of Delaware `Application May 14, 1935, Serial No. 21,394

' 2s claims. (c1. 122-434) This invention relates to a system and appara- With this arrangement and'with a pumprloated tus for heating the feed water supplied toa boiler below the bottom of the cold water space of `the and lhas particular reference `to locomotive boiltender, as is'usually the case, it is possible to ers wherein the feed water heating apparatus is have the temperature of the Water in the Water located on the tender of the locomotive. heating compartment of the tender at approxi- One of the objects of the present invention is mately the boiling point of water at atmospheric an improved formof locomotive boiler feed water pressure Since the head 0f Water at the Dump inheating apparatus arranged to provide a constant letcan maintain the pressure on the flowing hot supply of hot feed water suiiicient at all times Water therein at, or above, atmospheric pressure y when the locomotive is in service to meet the and thus the pump can handle theY hot Water 10 demands of the boiler for water. Y vwithout its flashing into steam. In a feed water heating system with which this A further object of the invention is the Vproviinvention is particularly concerned thev locomosion oi a water heating Compartment S0 arranged tive boiler is supplied with feed water by a pump, that the hot water is located in the top portion of l5 usually although not necessarily a turbine driven the COmlDaYment and the SUCOD pipe f the l5 centrifugal pump, which-receives hot water from pump` opens into the heating compartment in a heating compartment of the tender, the heating the top portio-n only thereof and above the maxicompartment being at atmospheric pressure and mum water levelrof the cold water in the tender being heated usually by lsteam exhausted from so that under normal conditions of operation the the locomotive cylinders and receiving water cold water of the tender cannot find its way into from the cold water compartment of the tender. the D11-m10 nlei'h F01' emergency purposes aS, OI' Fromthe standpoint of economy it is desirable instance, when the elevated water level in the that the boiler feed water temperature be as heating Compartment CaDIlOG be maintained, il? high as possible which, with a feed water heatis desirable for the pump to vdraw cold Water diing compartment at atmospheric pressure, is limrectly from the cold water space of the' compart- 25 ited to` the normal peiling point of theV Water.y ment and, for this purpose, the Suction pipe of In ordinary practice, however,V the temperature the Dump iS DIOVded With a branch Communiof the feed water' must be kept considerably below eating directly with the cold water space, the the maximum possible temperature because of the branch having a check valve therein that is norinability of the feed water pump to handle hot mally maintained closed by the elevated level water, it being understood that `the pressure on of water in the heating compartment and sucthe water is necessarily reduced at the pump inlet tion pipe, but the valve being free to open when not only by the intake velocity of the water but the water level in the suction pipe dIOlJS malieto the action of the pump impeller on the water. rially below the level of water in the cold Water If the water is exceedinglyhot a sufficient reduccompartment. This arrangement constitutes a 335 tion of pressure, commonly experienced, causes further object of the invention.

v the water to boil or to ash into steam at the Another object of the invention is to maintain pump inlet and thereby stop or at least seriously the elevated level of water in the heating cominterfere with the pumping action. Because of partment by a pump operated concurrently with thisraction of the hot water in the pump the -feed the operation of the feed water pump to force "40 water temperature of atmospheric heaters, the water into the hot water compartment from the water level in which corresponds with the cold Coldwater space of the tender, any excess Water water level of the tender, cannot utilizeY a high overflowing from the heating compartment into temperature of the heatedwater. the cold water space, but through the pump inlet,

It is an object of the present invention to mainso thatthe overowing water together with what 45 tain a level of hot water above the inlet of the additional cold `water is required to make up the suction pipe of the pump, constantly as high as full `capacity of the pump, can be returned to the is practicable from the standpoint of space limheating compartment. When the .pump is an in- Y itations above the maximum level of cold water jector operated by a part of the hot boiler feed D ST in the tender, thereby increasing the pressure on water under pressure of the feed water pump 50 the hot water at the pump inlet to such an exthe heat of the pumped water is thereby content that the water pressure is definitely above served. Furthermore, the overflow is so arranged Ythe boiling pressure of water at that temperature that the overflowing water isv always relatively and consequently permitting that water of a coldv water, that is to say, it is water that has higher temperature can be handled by the pump.` not been heated by the heater in .the heating 55 compartment and hence there is no loss of hot Water from the compartment.

Under certain normal conditions of operation hot Water is drawn from the heating compartment, cold water is forced into the compartment and at the same time the water in the compartment is being heated. In order to maintain a maximum temperature of hot water under these conditions it is highly desirable that therebe relatively no comrningling of the hot and cold Water in the heating compartment and means for accomplishing this result constitutes a further object of this invention. Y

In carrying out this object of the invention the heating compartment is vertical, that is to say, its greatest dimension is vertically disposed and it has relatively small horizontal dimensions, and the outlet for the hot water is at the upper part thereof and the inlet for the cold water is at the bottom part thereof. The heater preferably is of the injector type operated by exhaust steam from Y the locomotive cylinders and preferably is disposed as nearly as practicable in the middle of the cross section of the heating compartment, and in the upper part thereof. According to Well known principles the hot water introduced into the compartment tends to remain on top. The heater discharges hot water slowly and evenly throughout the cross-sectional area of the compartment, thereby in eifect laying down the hot water in a hot water stratum that is relatively sharply segregated from the cold Water.

Inasmuch as the direction of water flow through the compartment is vertical the effect is to maintain a zone of Vhot water of uniform or varying depth depending on the relative rates of heating and feed and a zone. of cold water underneath it, the two zones being relatively sharply segregated so that only hot water ows into the entrance of the suction pipe of the pump. When the heater is operating with no Water being drawn from or forced into the heating compartment the hot water stratum is of a constantly increasing depth until the entire contents of the heating compartment become heated. Such an arrangement constitutes a further object of the invention.

Heretofore atmospheric Water heating systems have necessitated thermostatic control of the heating steam. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple arrangement of water heating such that the amount of steam supplied to the water for heating it to the required temperature when taken over a substantial period of time is proportional to the water consumption of the locomotive boiler during this time so that the temperature of the boiler feed water can be maintained practically constant independently of thermostatic control devices, notwithstanding variable rates of steam discharged by the locomotive, caused by different loads or different throttle and cut-off settings, in relation to the arbitrary and sometimes intermittent rate of feed selected by the operator.

The exhaust steam from the locomotive is discharged through a draft nozzle into the locomotive stack. The draft nozzle can have a considerable range of dimensions that'are suitable for drafting. Exhaust steam for heating the boiler feed Water is taken from the exhaust steam cavity of the locomotive cylinders, from which cavity exhaust steam also passes through the draft nozzle. Thus the flow of heating steam at all times can be made a definite part of the total exhaust steam. In accordance with the present invention the flow of heating steam is so proportioned to the flow of steam through the draft nozzle, as by proper dimensionings of the draft nozzle and the steam orice of the exhaust steam water heater, or the pipe conducting steam from the exhaust steam cavity to the heater, or the like, that the heat content of the steam supplied to the heater and available for heating the boiler feed water is such as to heat to the desired temperature an amount of water that will at all times be equivalent to the amount of Water, represented by steam, discharged from the locomotive cylinders. Such an arrangment constitutes a further object of the invention.

A further object is generally to improve upon feed water heating systems and apparatus.

The invention herein described is in the nature of an improvement on the invention of Joel S. CofIn, Jr., Serial No. 722,498, led April 26, 1934.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a locomotive and its tender in association with the feed water heating and supply system embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevation partly in section of the feed water heating compartment and associated apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the structure of Fig. 2 taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an end elevation taken along line 4-4 of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a section taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a sectional detail of the Water heater in the heating compartment.

Fig. '7 is a sectional detail of a temperature responsive valve controlling the flow of steam to the heater.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the locomotive and heating compartment and illustrating the relation between the blast nozzle of the locomotive and the steam nozzle of the feed water heater.

The invention is herein shown applied to a locomotive having the boiler I0, the cylinders I2 and the tender i4. The tender I4 is provided with a forwardly extended cold water leg I6 located on one side of the coal pocket I8, see Fig. 5, and formed by the bottom wall 20, the outer wall 22, the inner Wall 24 and the inclined top Wall 26.

The maximum water level in the cold water space l of the tender in the form of tender shown in the drawings is represented by the junction of the inclined wall 26 and the outer side wall 22.

The feed water heating compartment comprising a part of the present invention is located at the forward end of the water leg I6 and is formed by the aforesaid bottom wall 20, the outer side wall 22 and the inner side Wall 28, the rear Wall 30, and the curved top wall 32, which has an opening at the top of the heating compartment removably closed by a cover 34, see Fig. 4.

In accordance with the present invention the heating compartment is vertical, that is to say, its vertical dimension is materially greater than its transverse dimension so that the compartment is relatively high and narrow. Preferably the heating compartment is as high as space and clearance limitations will permit so that the top of the compartment and the normal Water level in the compartment is much -above the maximum height of cold water in the tender.

Hot water is drawn from the top portion of the heating compartment into the open upper end of a pump suction pipe 36 which upstands in the heating compartment from the bottom wall thereof "mum cold water level of the tender.

`and is terminated below the normal water vlevel of the compartment and materially above the maxi- The lower rend of the pipe 36 communicates through a hose bag and other piping 40 with? the inlet of a pump 42 herein illustrated as a centrifugal pump carried by the locomotive preferably below the bottom of the tender'and driven by a turbine 44 "supplied with steam through a steam line 46 and controlvalve 48 from the auxiliary turret 50 ofV the locomotive. High Vpressure hot water is delivered fromthe pump into aipipe 52' and through a boiler check valve 54 into the boiler.

Water pumping means operated concurrently with the boiler feed water pump 42 is utilized 'to deliver cold water from' the cold water space of the tender into the feed water heating compartment. Said pumping means comprises an injector 56 located in the bottom part of an intake Acompartment 58 formed in the forward end of the i boiler feed water supplied by the boiler feed water i pump 42 through -a pipe 66 that communicates with the vfeed water delivery pipe 52 and through a hose bag 68 with the lower end of the leg 10, see Figs. l and 4, of a siphon disposed within the `heating compartment. Said siphon has its upper end located above the normal water level of the heating compartment and a lower leg 12 that extends into the bottom portion of the heating compartment and connects with a pipe 16 leading to the water nozzle of the injector.A The uppermost portion of the siphonfis provided with a vacuum breaking valve 18 which is normally closed under the influence of water pressure in the siphon but it opens when the feed water pump is idle and the pressure drops to or below atmospheric toV allow air to enter the siphon and thereby to 'pire` vent water from flowing in the reverse direction through the pipe from theinjector.

The injector is provided with a lower water inlet 80 and an upper water inlet`82 and delivers water through a pipe 84 and into the lower leg 86, see Figs. land 2, of a vacuum breaking siphon located in the water heating compartment and having another vertical leg or pipe 88, the two pipes being connected in the top portion of the heatingcompartment by the connecting member 90, The lower end of the pipe or leg 88 terminates close to the bottom of the heating compartment'so that the cold water isdelivered to the bottom of the compartment where there is little likelihood of its commingling with the hot water of the upper portion of the compartment. n j

Overflow water of the compartment passes intoanother vacuumbreaking siphon comprising the vertical legs '92 and 94 Iconnected at the top by the connecting member, 96, the connecting members of the .two siphons 9 0, 96, being preferably at the same level.` 'They leg 94 communicates with a pipe 98 that opens into the upper inlet 82 of the injector so that the overflowing water passes into the injector and can Vbe re-introduced into the heating. compartment, thereby conserving the i heat of the overflow water. The lower end of the tender.

leg 92 terminates close above the bottom ofthe heating compartment so that the water that overflows is cold water except as it may be slightly heated by the hot pumping water;

The connecting members 90, 96 of the vacuum breaking siphons` are provided with vent pipes |00, |02, respectively, of substantial cross-sectional area that extend upwardly and are open to the uppermost part of the heating compartment. The dimensions of the pipes 86, 88

' through which the incoming cold water is passed are suiciently great so that there is no material water pressure in the interior of the connecting member 90 and hence no water flows out of the vent pipe |00 when the injector is in operation, and the water issues quietly and without any material disturbance out ofthe pipe and into the bottom of the heating compartment. When the injector ceases to operate and the water level in the heating compartment descends below the bottom of the water passage in the connecting member 90 air passes through the vent pipe |00 into the-interior of the siphon and thus prevents the siphoning of the water out of the heating compartment into the cold water space of the A similar action takes place with respect to the siphon for the overflowing water.

The water level in the heating compartment can vary slightly depending upon whether or not operating the water passages in the connecting members 90, 96 can flow more or less full of water so that the water level may be as represented by the line a-a Fig. 2. This level will be the maximum water level. ating and the feed water pump also is idle cold water will flow out of the heating compartment until the water level is at the bottom of the water passage in the connecting member 96. This variation in water level is of no particular moment and can if desired be reduced by making the water passages in the connecting members 90 and 96 shorter in Vertical height and corre-l spondingly longer horizontally. The water level, however, is at all times materially above the maximum water level of the cold water space of the tender. l

An oil skimmer in the shape of a funnel |04 has its large open upper end disposed slightly above the water level in the heating compartment so that oil that is introduced into the water through the exhaust steam used for heating and rises to the surface of the water, can be skimmed oif the surface when the water in the compartment surges due to change of speed of the locomotive, the oil flowing downwardly When the injector is not operthrough the pipe |06 to the underside of the tender where it is discharged on the track. ,The pipe may also constitute the vent for the heating compartment that maintains the interior of the compartment at atmospheric pressure.

The water in the heating compartment is heated preferably by a heater |08 of the steam ejector type.. This heater, as shown in cross section in Fig. 6, includes an inverted conical casing |I0 having anjannular hoty water discharge orivce ||2 in communication with a vertical cold water intake pipe ||4 opening into the bottom part of 'the `heating compartment in the cold water zone. The ejector isalso provided with a steam chamloer` ||6 communicating with an annular or substantially annular steam orice ||8 which discharges into the water orifice ||2 anduinduces a flow of water, the steam condensing and thereby heating the water. Y l

The heater is located in the middle of the cross section of the heating compartment somewhat below the Water level. The construction and arrangement of the heater is such that hot Water flows relatively slowly therefrom so as not deleteriously to agitate the water in the compartment and the hot water is distributed as a sheet or layer across the compartment. With this arrangementl definite stratification or segregation of the hot and cold water zones in the compartment can be obtained when water is being drawn from and iiows into the compartment. The direction of water movement in the vcompartment is upward so that when water is fed into and drawn from the compartment, a good separation of the hot and cold water zones is obtained. When the locomotive is not working and no steam is passing into the compartment as hot water is drawn from the upper portion, the zone of hot water at the top is constantly diminishing in depth. When the heater is operating without water being drawn from the heating compartment the hot water zone progressively increases in depth until the entire contents of the compartment are ultimately brought to maximum temperature. In the meantime the water level in the locomotive boiler has been drawn down to a level at which it is necessary to withdraw water from the compartment for feed and in order to restore the boiler water level to its original value feeding will have to be continued after the locomotive ceases working or will have to be carried on at a greater rate than steam is being evaporated. During this time the hot water zone progressively contracts in depth until the locomotive boiler is full when the above cycle may be repeated.

The ejector heater operates to deliver hot water at Ya more or less constant temperature irrespective. of the exhaust steam pressure. That is to say, a higher steam pressure, for instance, induces a proportionally higher flow of cold water so that the water temperature in the upper part of the heating compartment tends to remain approximately uniform, and a storage of heat, which occurs when the boiler feed water pump is shut off, manifests itself by a deepening of the hot water zone rather than by an increase of temperature of the hot water.

If on the other hand water is evaporated at about the same rate at which Water is being fed the depth of the hot .water zone remains substantially constant. The present invention contemplates proportioning the volume of the hot water compartment in a more or less defined ratio to the volume of Water in the locomotive between the high and low gauge glass levels depending on whether the feed and working of a particular locomotive is alternating as. in switching service or coordinated as in road service, the switching service requiring a larger compartment.

Steam is supplied to the heating ejector by a pipe |20 which communicates with the steam chamber ||6 of the ejector at its lower end and with the outlet of a thermostatically operated control valve |22 illustrated in cross section in Fig. '7. Steam enters the valve |22 through a vertical pipe |24, the pipes |20 and |24 together with the valve |22 forming a vacuum breaking siphon functioning in an obvious manner. The lower end of the pipe |24 receives steam through a ,hose bag |26, see Fig. l, piping |28, and a check valve |30 from the exhaust steam cavity |32 of the locomotive cylinders so that steam is available for operating the 'heater whenever the locomotive cylinders are supplied With steam.

The valve |22 is constructed essentially as described in the copending application of Joel S. Coliin, Jr., Serial No. 744,298, filed April 26, 1934, and as described and claimed in the copending application of George W. Emery, Serial No. 742,257, filed August 31, 1934, both applications and the present application having a common assignee. Said valve |22 has a steam inlet passage |34 and an outlet passage |36, the iiow of steam between which is controlled by a valve member |38 responsive to pressure differences on opposite sides of a piston |40 operating in a cylinder |42, the upper end of which is open to the inlet passage |34 and the lower end of which is closed by a cover |44. The arrangement is such that when the pressure difference on opposite sides of the piston |40 acts in a Vdownward direction it eiiects the closing of the valve |38. A resultant pressure on the piston in the opposite direction eliects the opening of the valve. Pressure iiuid in the inlet passage |34 can leak into the cylinder on the underside of the piston through a suitable leak passage |46. Thus if the valve |38 is initially closed and the space beneath the piston is closed andV at a lower pressure than that existing in the inlet passage |34, steam can flow into the closed lower end of the cylinder and more or less equalize the pressure on both sides of the piston so that the pressure acting directly on the underside of the valve |38 can open the valve. The operation of the valve is controlled by a pilot valve |48, see Fig. 2. This valve is of common construction and is open and closed in response to the temperaturel of the water in the heating compartment by a thermostatic bulb |50. The valve |48 controls the opening and closing of the vent passage |52 of the lower part of the cylinder |46 of the main valve |22. The arrangement is such that when the temperature of the Water in the heating compartment reaches a selected high point the pilot valve |48 is caused to be opened to allow the cylinder on the underside of the piston |40 of the valve to vent freely into the atmosphere in the top of the heating compartment, thereby to effect the closing of the valve. When the temperature of the Water` drops to a selected loW point the valve |48 is caused to be closed thereby permitting pressure to be built up on the underside of the piston |40 of the main valve to effect the opening of the main valve and allow steam to flow into the heater. A Siphon breaking check valve |53 is in the Vent passage |52.

With the present'invention the use of the thermostatically controlled Valve |22 While perhaps desirable for some installations is not imperative for all installations. As a part of this invention the arrangement of the heater and its steam supply is such that the heat supplied to the water is so proportioned to the amount of water, discharged as steam, consumed by the locomotive boiler that the water passing to the feed water pump is heated to approximately a, constant temperature. The exhaust steam cavity |32 of the locomotive cylinders, see Fig. 8, discharges` exhaust steam into the draft nozzle |54 of the locomotive boiler. Thus when the engine cylinders are taking steam the total steam exhausted from the engine cylinders is discharged through the orifice |56 of the draft nozzle and the oriiice ||8 of the water heater. Hence each orifice passes a certain definite proportion of the total exhaust steam, which'proportion depends mainly upon l' the 'relative cross-sectional'areas of the orifices. This proportion is 'constant regardless of variations of amount of exhaust steam except as the proportion may be varied slightly with diiferent amounts of exhaust steam dueto pipe friction and the like.y Since the weight of exhaust `steam exhausted at any given time ultimately has to be made up by an equal weight of water delivered into `the boiler and since the water heating effect obtained by condensing the steam is greater than the heat required to raise an equivalent weight of water to approximately theboiling point at atmospheric pressure, it follows `that vby passing a deinite proportion of they total amount of exhaust steam into the feed water heater the feed water required to make up for boiler water consumed as'stearn can be heated automaticallyto the desired temperatureby the time it is needed in the boiler. To this end the cross sectional area of the steam orifice H8 of the water heater bears a certain denite relation to the cross sectional area of the orice L56 of the draft nozzle as to effect the desired result with any particular locomotive with which the feed water heating system is associated. This relation can also be obtained by suitable dimensioning of the exhaust steam pipe to the heater, and thelike.

The water `capacity `of the heating compartment when the locomotive `service is such that evaporation and feed take placealternately is intended to be approximately equal to the volume of water contained in the locomotive boiler on the gauge glass. With this intermittent operation of the feed water system there will be a time when the boiler is iilled with water to the high water level and the heating compartment is filled with cold water. `With the ratio of priiice areas in the Water heater and in the draft nozzle above referred to by the time the water in the boiler has descended to the `low water level the amount of steam that has beenpassed into the water heater vwill be just sufficient to heat the water inthe heating compartment to the desired temperature regardlessV of the variableness of the rate at which the water in the boiler has been converted into steam and exhausted from the engine cylinders and, of course, assuming no heat losses in the heating `compartment due to radiation and the like which can be suitably compensated for. The feed water pump can then be set in operation to discharge Ythe hot water into the boiler and replenish the'water supply therein. The same heating eect takes 1 place even though the pump is started say when only half the water between high and low water level marks of the boiler gauge glass has been consumed and the locomotive continues working. 1n this case the heating compartment will be approximately half full of vheated water, the hot water being in the upper portion of the compartment. The pump takes water from the heating compartment but the steam heater lays down a constantly replenished strata of hot water lso that Y the pump always receives the hot water discharged from the heater free from any material commingling with the cold waterthat may occupy the lower portion of the compartment. Thus the boiler is at all normal times supplied with hot water so that the use of the thermally controlled valve 33 is not imperative.

B y having the waterY level of the heating compartment a substantial distance above the maximum water level of cold water in the tender the pressure on the pump inlet is increased so handled by the kpump can be at some constant.

high value since it is not inuenced by and does not have to decrease with the decreasing cold water level of the tender.

1n the event of failure of the injector 56 to maintain the normal high water level in the heating-compartment and the water level therein drops below the top of the pump suction pipe and materially below the cold water level in the tender, means are provided to permit the pump to draw cold water directly from the cold water space of the tender. yFor this purpose a pipe Hi8, see Figs. 1, 2 and 3, is connected with the bottom part of the suction pipe 36 at the bottom of the heating compartment and passes through the rear wall 3l] thereof into the bottom of the intake compartment 58 where it terminates in a check valve |60. .The check valve is normally closed by the elevated head of water in the heating compartment but is free to be opened by the lack of head Yof water in the heating compartment, or the pump suction pipe |50, thereby to permit the pump to draw water directly from the cold water space of the tender. Cold water will be drawn by the pump, however, onlyv when the water level in the heating compartment drops below the top of the pump suction pipe. Y

We claim: Y

. l. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold water space, a vertical Yheating compartment having a normal water level materially higher than the maximum cold water level in said space, means for heating the water in said compartment operative to draw water from the bottom part of said compartment and to deliver heated water to the partment that has a normal ,water level above the top of said cold water space,'means for introducing water from said cold water space into the lower part of said heating compartment, a suction pipe opening into said heating compartment under the normal water level and in the upper part of said compartment, a feed water pump drawing hot water through said suction pipe, and heating means for the water in said heating compartment drawing 'water from the lower part of and delivering hot Water into the upper part of said compartment.

3. Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold water space, a water heating compartment that has a normal water level above the top of said cold water space, a suction pipe opening into said heating compartment under the normal water level and above the top of said cold water space, a feed water pump drawing hot Water through said suction pipe, heating means for the water in said compartment, a pipe communicating between said suction pipe and thebottom part of said cold water space, and a check valve in said latter pipe so disposed -ing therethrough and irrespective of the relathat it normally is maintained closed by the higher head of water in said suction pipe.

4. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a source of cold water, a tall, narrow heating compartment on the tender, a pump drawing hot water from the top of said compartment, means operated by said pump for introducing cold water from said source into the bottom part of said compartment, water heating means for the water of said compartment, and steam supply means for'said heating means, said heating means being characterized by maintaining stratified bodies of hot and cold water in the upper and lower parts of said compartment when water is owtive rates of flow of hot water out of said compartment and steam into said heating means.

5. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a source of cold water, a tall, narrow heating compartment on the tender, a pump drawing hot water from the upper part of said compartment above the maximum water level of said source of cold water, means introducing cold water into the bottom part of said compartment, and heating means located near the top of said compartment for heating the cold water in said compartment and delivering the hot water to the upper part of said compartment in a stratum that is isolated from the cold water.

' 6. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a source of cold water, a tall, narrow heating compartment on the tender, a pump drawing hot water from the upper part of said compartment above the maximum water level of said source of cold water, means introducing cold water from said source into the lower part of said compartment, and a heater for the water in said compartment having means by which the heated water is delivered substantially uniformly throughout the crosssectional area of said compartment in the upper portion thereof segregated from the cold water in the compartment.

7. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold water source, a tall vertical heating compartment on thetender having relatively small horizontal dimensions, a pump drawing hot water from the upper portion of said compartment, means introducing cold water from said source into the lower portion of said compartment, and heating apparatus comprising a steam ejector drawing water from the cold water part of said compartment and having means for delivering hot water in a substantially continuous annular sheet horizontally in the intermediate part of said compartment.

8. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold water source, a tall vertical heating compartment on the tender having relatively small horizontal dimensions, and a hot water outlet at the top and a cold water inlet at Ythe bottom, and heating means for the water in said compartment comprising a steam injector located between said outlet and inlet having an. annular generally horizontal discharge nozzle located generally in the Vertical axis of said compartment and having an inlet in the lower part of said compartment for drawing water from the cold water portion of said compartment and delivering a substantially continuous annular sheet of hot water horizontally in the upper part of said compartment.

9. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a source of cold water, a vertical heating compartment on the tender having relatively small horizontal dimensions, a pump for drawing hot water from the upper portion of said compartment, means for introducing cold water into the bottom portion of said compartment so that the flow of water through said compartment is in a vertical direction when said pump and said means is operating, and means for heating the flowing water in said compartment at the time hot water is drawn therefrom in such manner as to maintain a body of hot water above and segregated from the body of cold water.

10. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a source of cold water, a heating compartment on the tender, a heater for the water in said compartment, a pump for introducing cold water from said source into said heating compartment, and overow means for excess water in said heating compartment conducting cold water from the lower part of said compartment to the'inlet of said pump.

11. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a source of cold water, a heating compartment on the tender, a pump drawing hot water from said compartment, an injector operated by the pressure hot water of said pump for delivering cold water from said source into said heating compartment, a heater-in said compartment delivering hot water to the upper portion of said compartment above the cold water in the bottom portion thereof, and overflow means for said compartment conducting cold water therefrom into the inlet of said injector.

12. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a source of' cold water, a heating compartment on the tender, a pump drawing hot water from said compartment, an injector operated by the pressure of the hot water of said pump for delivering cold water from said source into said heating compartment, a heater in said compartment delivering hot water to the upper portion of said compartment above the cold water in the bottom portion thereof, and overflow means for said compartment conducting cold water therefrom into the inlet of said injector, said injector having another inlet receiving cold water directly from said source.

13. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold water` space and a heating compartment, heating means in said compartment taking cold water from the lower portion and delivering hot water into the upper portion of said compartment, a pump drawing hot-water from the upper portion of said compartment, means introducing cold water from said cold water space into the lower portion of said compartment, and overflow means for said compartment having an inlet in the lower portion of said compartment for conducting cold water only from said compartment.

14. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a heating compartment, means drawing hot water from one portion of said compartment, means introducing cold water into another portion of said compartment, heating means taking cold water from the cold water portion of said compartment and delivering hot water into the hot water portion of said compartment, and overflow means conducting cold water only from said compartment, said overflow means comprising a siphon pipe having one leg open to the cold water zone of said compartment and the other legopen outside of and below n the water level in said compartment and its bend at the normal water level and vented to the prisinga siphon pipe having its bend vented'to the atmosphere located at a point above the water level in said cold water compartmentsand Yhavring one leg open to the bottom portion of said heatinglcompartment and its other leg open to said cold water compartment, aheater for the water in said heating compartment, a pump for drawing hot water from the upper portion of said compartment, and means for introducing water from-said cold water compartment into the bottom portion of said heating compartment.

16. Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold water compartment, a heating compartment that is` higher than sai-d cold water compartment, a siphon for returning excess cold water from said heating to said cold water compartment and for limiting the high .water level in said heating compartment at a point that is higher than the top of said cold water compartment, a pump for drawing `hotlwater from the upper portion of' said heating-compartmennmeans for introducing cold waterfrom said cold water compartment intothe bottom portion of said heating compartment, an-d means for heating cold water from the bottom portion of said heating compartment and delivering the heated water in the upper portion of said heating compartment segregated from the cold water therein. f

17. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tall and narrow heating compartment, a. pump for drawing .hot water from the upper portion of said compartment, means for introducing cold water at low velocity into the bottom portion of said compartment, and

heating means for drawing cold water from the.

bodies of hot and cold water above and below the heating means are substantially stratified.

18.,Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold water compartment, a heating compartment having a water level higher than the water level in said cold water compartment,V

and means for introducing cold water from. said cold water compartment into said heating compartment, comprising a pumphaving an inlet open to said cold water` compartment below the water level thereof, and a siphon into one leg of which said pump discharges, said Siphon having its other leg open to the bottom portion of said heating compartment and having its bend located at least at the water level of said heating compartment and vented to the atmosphere.

19. Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold water compartment, a heating compartment having a waterlevel higher' than the water level in said cold water compartment, and means for introducing cold water from said cold water compartment into said heating compartment, comprising a'pumpuhaving an inlet open t'o said cold water compartment below .the water level.thereof,"a siphonfinto one leg of which said pump discharges; said'siphon having its other leglopen `tol-the bottom portion of said heating compartment and having its bend located at least at the water level `of said heating compartment and vented, to the atmosphere, and an overflow siphon for saidzvheating compartment having one leg open at the bottom portion of said heating compartment and its other leg open to vsaid cold water compartment and its bend lo-cated at the water level of said heating compartment and vented to the atmosphere.

20. Boiler feed water heating apparatus com-- prising a cold water compartment, a vertical heating compartment higher than the top of said cold water compartment and having' relativelysmall horizontal dimensions, a siphon in said heating compartment for determining the water level therein having one leg open to the bottom portion of said heating compartment and its other leg open to said cold water compartment, and its bend located.` above the top of said cold water compartment and vented to the atmosphere, an injector for forcing water from said cold water compartment into said heating compartment having an inlet openinginto `said cold water compartment,.a siphcniinto which said: injector delivers water, said Siphon having one leg, connected tothe outlet of said injector and its other erid` opening into lthe bottom 'portion vof saidI heatingt compartment and its bend located at least notbelow the water level in said heating compartment and vented to the atmosphere, a suction pipe insaid heating compartment having. its ope-n upper end disposed under the water level inl said 'heating compartment and above the top Vof said cold water compartment, a pump drawing hot water through said suction pipe,` and a heater in said heating compartment v'drawing cold water from the lower portion thereofV and `delivering the h-eatedfwater inI an :annular stream cro'sswise oi' said heating compartment. l 21. Locomotive boilerA feed ,waterV heatingapparatus compsing the combination with the 1ocomotive boiler, its cylinders and draft nozzle of a heating compartment having a water capacity approximately equaling` that of the boiler capacity between high and low Water levels, an exhaust steam` water heater for the water of said heating compartment vhaving a steam. orilice discharging steam into the water, means for supplying said heater and draft nozzle with exhaust steam from said locomotive cylinders whenever exhaust steam is available, the areas of said draft nozzle and said heater orifice being so :proportioned that the amount of steam discharged through said heater orice is such-that the amount oi; water in said compartment is. heated to the desired temperature at about just the time when the amount of the water inthe boiler between high and low level marks has been consumed, said heater being constructed to circulate the water in said compartment in proportion to theV amount of steam supplied to it and to discharge water at the high feed water temperature, a boiler feed water pump drawing water from said compartment, and means for maintaining a constant water level in said compartment at all times when said pump is drawing water therefrom including means operative positively with each operation of said pump for introducing cold water intosaid compartment.

22. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising in combination with a locomotive boiler its cylinder and draft nozzle, of a water heating compartment having approximately the water capacity of the boiler between high and low level water marks, a pump drawing hotrwater from the top part of said compartment and delivering the hot water to said boiler, means for introducing cold water into the bottom part of said compartment, a steam heater for the water in said compartment having an orifice discharging steam into intimate contact with the water, said heater having means for maintaining a stratification of the hot water above and the cold water below it, and means for supplying said heater and draft nozzle with exhaust steam from said cylinders whenever exhaust steam. is available, said steam orifice and said draft nozzle being so proportioned that the amount of steam supplied to said heater is sufficient to heat to the desired temperature a weight of water equivalent to the weight of exhaust steam, said heater having means to circulate the water in said compartment in proportion to the amount of steam supplied to it and to discharge hot water at the high feed water temperature above the heater.

23. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising, in combination with the locomotive boiler and its cylinders, of a water heating compartment having a hot water Zone and a cold water zone, exhaust steam heating means therein, a boiler feed water pump having an inlet in said hot water Zone, means for maintaining a constant level of water in said compartment at all times including means operating positively with each operation of said pump for introducing cold Water into said cold water zone, and means for automatically supplying exhaust steam to said heater in proportion to the water consumption of said boiler, said heating means having means to circulate the water in said compartment in proportion to the amount of steam supplied to it and to discharge hot water at the high feed water temperature into said hot water Zone.

24. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold water space and a heating compartment, a hot water withdrawal conduit opening into the upper part of said compartment, means for introducing cold water from said cold water space into the bottom part of said heating compartment, heating means for the cold water in said compartment operative to supply the water space of the compartment above said heating means and at the opening of said conduit with hot water.

25. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold water space and a heating compartment, a hot water withdrawal conduit opening into the upper part of said compartment, means for introducing cold water from said cold water space into the bottom part of said heating compartment, heating means for the water in said compartment operative to.

supply the water space of the compartment above said heating means and at the opening of said conduit with hot water, and an overflow conduit establishing communication between the cold water zone in the bottom part of said compartment and said cold water space.

26. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold Water space and a heating compartment, a withdrawal conduit opening into the upper part of said compartment, a boiler feed water pump located below the opening of said conduit and operative to draw hot water therethrough, a steam heater operative to supply the water Vspace of the compartment above said heating means and at the opening of said conduit with hot water, and means for maintaining a substantially constant head of water above said conduit opening when said pump is operating including means operatively responsive to the operation of said pump to introduce cold water from said cold water space into the bottom part of said compartment under said heater, and an overow conduit opening at one end in the cold water Zone in the bottom part of said compartment and at the other end into said cold Water space.

27. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold Water supply having a variable water level, a heating compartment, a boiler feed water pump located below the level of water in and drawing water from said compartment, means to maintain a materially higher substantiallyY constant normal water level in said compartment than the maximum cold water level at all times when said pump is drawing hot water including means automatically and positively operative in response to each operation of said pump for transferring water from the cold water supply to said heating compartment, and exhaust steam means for heating the Water in said heating compartment when exhaust steam is available and both when and when not cold water is entering said compartment.`

28. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tender having a cold water space, a vertical heating compartment that is higher than the top of the cold water space and has a normal water level above the top of said space, exhaust steam means for heating the maintaining said normal water level therein constant at all times.

JOEL S. COFFIN, JR. CHRISTOPHER A. SCHELLENS.

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