US2118457A - X-ray apparatus - Google Patents

X-ray apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2118457A
US2118457A US703460A US70346033A US2118457A US 2118457 A US2118457 A US 2118457A US 703460 A US703460 A US 703460A US 70346033 A US70346033 A US 70346033A US 2118457 A US2118457 A US 2118457A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
transformer
envelope
metal
coils
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Expired - Lifetime
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US703460A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bouwers Albert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
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Publication of US2118457A publication Critical patent/US2118457A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing
    • H05G1/06—X-ray tube and at least part of the power supply apparatus being mounted within the same housing

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a compact X-ray apparatus.
  • X-ray apparatus in which an X-ray tubeand a supply transformer therefor form con- 5 structively an assembly.
  • a supply transformer therefor form con- 5 structively an assembly.
  • an X-ray tube is placed against the core or other transformer parts which are grounded during operation, without providing intermediate space or insulation capable of withstanding high potential differences. With a glass tube this is impossible without providing further means.
  • the part of the tube wall opposite said metal surface consists entirely of metal or is provided with a metal coating, for instance with a tinfoil coating.
  • insulation is also provided about the electrode supply conductors and extends into these re-entrant parts.
  • An X-ray tube which is particularly adapted to be used in an apparatus according to the invention, has an envelope consisting entirely of a metal sleeve, and glass parts which are sealed to the ends thereof, project inside the tube, and are completely surrounded by the metal sleeve.
  • a metal sleeve is extremelysolid,since all breakable parts, with the possible exceptions of a window for passage of the rays, are located within the metal sleeve.
  • a suitable material for this metal sleeve is ferro-chromium, which is often used for sealing to glass.
  • other metals and metal alloys for instance chromium-nickel alloys may be used.
  • tubes of the usual construction having a central envelope portion consisting entirely of metal, can also be used provided this central portion is lengthened to at least the length of the opposite metal body of the transformer by means of metal coatings bearing intimately against the glass portions sealed thereto.
  • a metal envelope surrounding both the tube and the transformer may bear on the tube, if desired with the interposition of a lead layer by which the undesired rays are absorbed.
  • a transformer of the construction known per se i. e. a transformer in which the secondary winding is separated from the primary winding by such insulation and in which the ends of the secondary winding lie on the inner side, whereas the outer layer of turns of this winding has the average potential and may be connected to the envelope.
  • the transformer envelope can be grounded during operation, owing to which the terminals of the transformer secondary acquire equal potential differences with respect to ground.
  • the oil-filling may often be dispensed with.
  • Figure l is a longitudinal sectionized view of an apparatus in which the secondary winding of the'transformer is grounded at the outside.
  • Figure 2 is a section along line li of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectionized View of an apparatus in which the secondary winding is grounded on the inner side
  • g Figure 4 is a section along line II--II of Figure 3.
  • the cylindrical X-ray tube 5 shown in Figures 1 and 2 has a metal central portion 2 to the ends of which are sealed glass portions 3 and 4 forming re-entrant parts carrying the electrodes of the tube.
  • a primary winding 5 On the leg 5 of the iron core of a high-tension supply transformer is provided a primary winding 5, surrounded by an insulator i in the form of a spool. Upon the spool are wound two secondary coils 8 and 9 separated'by an insulating ring it]. Coils 8 and 9 have their outer ends connected together and are wound in such a manner that the electro-motive forces induced in both coils act in the same direction. The inner ends of the secondary coils 8 and 9 pass laterally through an insulator to the outside and are connected to the electrodes of the X-ray tube by tubes or cables H and I2 provided with hightension insulation. The insulating tubes or cables extend into the re-entrant parts of portions 3 and 4 nearly to the sealing points of the electrodes; the intermediate space between them and the glass. wall of the re-entrant parts being filled with insulating material.
  • the tube H contains two conductors between which exists the voltage for heating the incandescent cathode of the X-ray tube and which voltage is supplied from a portion of the secondary winding.
  • the glass parts of the wall of the tube I are provided with conductive coatings l3 and M, which extend from the metal portion 2 to such an extent that a conductive surface is obtained corresponding in length to the opposing surface of the transformer coil.
  • the transformer coil is provided with a metal coating (not shown) connected to the core, whereas the metal surface of the X-ray tube contacts with this metal coating so that its potential corresponds to that of the middle of the secondary winding, 1. e. the potential at the outside of coils 8 and 9.
  • the tube and the transformer are enclosed within a common envelope l5 which bears directly on the metal surface of the coil, (see Figure 2), on the outer parts of the iron core, and on the outer surface of a lead sleeve 49.
  • Sleeve 46 surrounds the central portion 2 in contacting relationship and is provided with an aperture for the exit of the X-rays. Between envelope l5 and glass portions 3 and 4, an intermediate space is provided in which insulating cylinders l6 and ll are placed.
  • the envelope l5 which may consist of several parts which are screwed together or are connected by other suitable means, surrounds the insulated cables II and I2 so that there are only grounded parts at the outer surface of the apparatus.
  • An electric fan I8 is secured to the metal envelope, opposite the anode end of the tube I, and serves for cooling.
  • the apparatus is pivotally suspended on a support l9, although other sup-- porting means, for instance, a stand consisting consisting of the coils 22 and 23.
  • a conductor 20 is provided for the primary windings through which the apparatus may be connected to an alternating current supply.
  • the apparatus represented in Figures 3 and 4 comprises a shell type transformer, in which only low-tensioned insulation is provided between the primary winding 2! and the secondary winding
  • the hightensioned ends of the secondary winding are provided at the outside, whereas the inner ends are connected together and to the iron core of the transformer.
  • the coils are wound in such a manner that the sum of the tensions is obtained, and are surrounded by an insulator 24 which is encircled at two points by the magnetic circuit.
  • the yoke 25, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 4 is divided at the lower portion to form a space through which the high-tension supply conductors 26 and 21 are led.
  • the X-ray tube 28 which bears on the iron core 25, consists of a metal sleeve 29 extending the length of the tube, and having inwardly-bent edges to which are sealed glass funnels 30 located within the tube. These funnels serve to support the electrodes, and to insulate the same from the metal sleeve 29, which is grounded during operation. I 7
  • Insert pieces 3i and 32 of insulating material extend into the glass funnels 30 and surround the supply conductors of the tube. Between insert pieces 3
  • An electrically driven cooling fan 34 is secured to the envelope 33.
  • the apparatus is suspended on a support 35 by means of journals so as to be rotatable about the axis 36, which axis is eccentrical relatively to the transformer so that the apparatus is balanced;
  • the invention also includes many modifications of the construction and of the supporting means of the apparatus.
  • An X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube having an envelope, a high-tension supply transformer for said tube having a peripherallyexposed metallic portion adapted to be grounded during operation, and a housing enclosing said tube and transformer, said envelope having a portion extending the length of said metallic portion and provided with a metallic outer surface, said envelope portion being closely spaced from an opposing part of said metallic portions without the interposition of an insulation adapted to stand high voltages and extending the length of said opposing part.
  • An X-ray apparatus comprising an Y-ray tube having an envelope consisting of a metal portion and at least one glass portion sealed to said metal portion, a high-tension supply transformer for said tube including coils, a. housing enclosing said tube and said transformer, a. metal member covering said coils and adapted to be grounded duringoperation, said metal portion being disposed adjacent to said metal member without the interposition of high-voltage insulation, and a conductive coating on the glass por-
  • These tubes or tions of the envelope extending from said metal portion and adjacent to said metal member to the ends thereof.
  • An X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube having an envelope; consisting of a metallic waist portion and two glass portions, one sealed to each end of said'waist portion, a high-tension supply transformer for said tube including coils, a housing enclosing said tube and transformer, a metal member covering said coils and adapted to be grounded during operation, said metallic waist portion being closely spaced from an opposing portion of the surface of said metal member without the interposition of an insulation capable of withstanding high tension, and a metal coating covering a portion of said glass portions, said coatings and waist portion extending along said metal member.
  • an X-ray tube having a cylindrical envelope, a hightension. supply transformer for said tube including a magnetic core, and a common housing enclosing said tube and transformer, said housing having a conductive outer surface electrically connected to said magnetic core, said envelope having a portion closely spaced from an opposing portion of the surface of said core without the interposition of an insulation capable of withstanding high tension, said portion being provided with a metallic surface.
  • an X-ray tube having an envelope and electrodes therein, said envelope having metallic portions and vitreous re-entrant portions carrying the electrodes, a high-tension supply transformer for said tube including coils, a common housing enclosing said tube and said transformer, said housing having a conductive portion adapted to be grounded during the operation of the apparatus, and a metal member covering said coils and electrically connected to said conductive portion, said metallic portions being disposed adjacent to said metal member without the interposition of an insulation adapted to stand high voltages.
  • an X-ray tube and a high-tension supply transformer therefor, a common housing for said tube and transformer, said transformer comprising high-tension coils, lowtension coils and a magnetic core, a conductive coating extending over said coils and in electrical contact with said core to form with said core an electric shield for said coils, said X-ray tube being disposed adjacent to said shield without the interposition of an insulation capable of withstanding high tension, insulating sleeves projecting through said shield, and electric supply leads connecting said tube to said high-tension coils and passing through said sleeves.
  • An X-ray apparatus comprising a high-tension supply transformer including a magnetic core having a peripherally-exposed portion, an X-ray tube comprising an envelope having a section provided with a metallic outer surface, said section extending the length of said peripherallyexposed portion and being closely spaced therefrom without the interposition of high-voltage insulation, and a housing enclosing said transformer and X-ray tube.
  • An X-ray apparatus comprising a high-tension supply transformer having a peripherallyexposed equipotential portion, and an X-ray tube comprising an envelope having a portion provided with a conductive outer surface and disposed adjacent to an opposing part of said peripherallyexposed portion without the interposition of hightension insulation and extending the length of said part.
  • An X-ray apparatus comprising a high-tension supply transformer including a magnetic core having a peripherally-exposed portion, and an X-ray tube comprising an envelope having a conductive surface portion bearing upon an opposing part of said peripherally-exposed part throughout the entire length thereof.
  • An X-ray tube having an envelope and electrodes therein, said envelope comprising a cylindrical metallic waist portion and glass portions sealed one to each end thereof, a high-tension supply transformer having coils, a core and a peripherally-exposed metallic portion including said core and having a length greater than the length of said waist portion, conductors provided with high-tension insulators and connecting said coils to said electrodes, said waist portion being adjacent to said peripherally-exposed metallic portion without the interposition of an insulation capable of withstanding high tension, metal coatings on the surface of said glass portions and extending from said waist portions along the length of the opposing surface of the peripherally-exposed metallic portion, and a common housing enclosing the X-ray tube and transformers and having a metallic surface in electrical contact with said core.
  • Patent No. 2,118,1 57. May 21 1958.

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  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US703460A 1932-12-23 1933-12-21 X-ray apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2118457A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE414575X 1932-12-23

Publications (1)

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US2118457A true US2118457A (en) 1938-05-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US703460A Expired - Lifetime US2118457A (en) 1932-12-23 1933-12-21 X-ray apparatus

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US (1) US2118457A (fr)
FR (2) FR766068A (fr)
GB (1) GB414575A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912590A (en) * 1956-04-26 1959-11-10 Zabransky Franz X-ray unit
US2939015A (en) * 1956-05-08 1960-05-31 Philips Corp X-ray tube
US4418421A (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-11-29 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha X-ray apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912590A (en) * 1956-04-26 1959-11-10 Zabransky Franz X-ray unit
US2939015A (en) * 1956-05-08 1960-05-31 Philips Corp X-ray tube
US4418421A (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-11-29 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha X-ray apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB414575A (en) 1934-08-09
FR766068A (fr) 1934-06-21
FR45983E (fr) 1936-01-17

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