US2132438A - Method of coating metal - Google Patents

Method of coating metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US2132438A
US2132438A US701869A US70186933A US2132438A US 2132438 A US2132438 A US 2132438A US 701869 A US701869 A US 701869A US 70186933 A US70186933 A US 70186933A US 2132438 A US2132438 A US 2132438A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coating
metal
electrolyte
coated
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US701869A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerald C Romig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel Corp
Original Assignee
Amchem Products Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amchem Products Inc filed Critical Amchem Products Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2132438A publication Critical patent/US2132438A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/36—Phosphatising

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the art of coating metals and is particularly concerned with a process for providing metal with a non-metallic coating. More specifically it is directed to an 5 electro-plating process, the principal objects of which are to provide metal with a coating which will protect it from corrosion, to ensure an endur- .ing bond between the metal and an applied finish,
  • a further object is to provide a coating for metal which will be a comparatively poor conductor of electricity when in its dry condition but which, if wet, will have sufllcient conductivity to enable the article to be electro-plated from alkaline electrolytes with copper and other metals. More particularly it is an object of my invention to provide metal with a water-insoluble phosphatio coating.
  • the invention consists in using the metal to be coated asan electrode in an electrolyte and passing an electric current into and out of the electrolyte by means of said electrode.
  • a coating produced in accordance with my method will be free from discoloration or stains and will have a' very great ability to retain an applied finish'such as paint, lacquer, japan, synthetic enamels or varnish.
  • the metals which I have successfully coated by my improved process are in a class or group which 55 comprises iron, steel, zinc, cadmium, brass, nickel,
  • metal to be coated although this may be altered chromium, tin and magnesium. All of these metals are capable of forming water-insoluble phosphates.
  • the process has not been found to work on lead, copper, silver, gold or platinum. My experience, therefore, strongly indicates that the process will work on metals which are less noble than lead and which are capable of forming water-insoluble phosphates.
  • the cations of the electrolyte may be one or more of the metals in that class including iron, zinc, cadmium, calcium, nickel, cobalt and manganese. Cations of the alkali metals may be present without doing harm.
  • the anions of the electrolyte may be wholly phosphate ions or phosphate ions associated with any or all of the ions included in that class comprising the ions of sulphate, nitrate, chloride and arsenate.
  • electrolyte is placed in the vat to completely submerge the stamping which is connected to one terminal of a cycle alternating electric circuit the other terminal being connected to the steel vat.
  • the circuit is then completed and the current adjusted to a density of approximately 50 amperes for every square foot of stamping surface exposed to the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte may be employed at any desired temperature up to its boiling point although I prefer a temperature in the neighborhood of about 180 F. to which end the vat may be supplied with some suitable type of heating means such for example as steam coils.
  • the resistance is less at higher temperatures which, of course, is an advantage although the use of a temperature which is too high will make for excessive evaporation. A compromise therefore should be efl'ected and I find that a temperature of about 180 F. is a good temperature to use.
  • the time required to produce the coating depends on factors such as current density, the nature of the metal being coated, the concentration of the electrolyte, the ions associated with the phosphate ions and the temperature of the electrolyte. So long as the electrolyte contains the proper cations and anions, the composition, concentration, temperature and current density, are not critical. In practice very satisfactory results are obtained by adjusting the factors so that the coating is completed in about four minutes.
  • metal that has been coated by the process may be used as a permanent electrode to co-act with a succession of pieces of metal to be coated.
  • a steel vat may be used for holding the electrolyte and at the same time may be used as an electrode.
  • the electrical circuit may be modified for convenience or economy.
  • the vat is one electrode and the metal to be coated the other,- the vat may be made of wood or other non-conducting material and a piece of metal to be coated take its place as the opposing electrode, thus coating two pieces of metal simultaneously; a single phase three-wire circuit may be used where two of the electrode.
  • terminals are pieces of metal to be coated and the other the steel vat; or the three electrode terminals are all different pieces of metal, thus coating three pieces at one time; a two phase three-wire circuit may be used where the vat is one terminal electrode and two separate pieces of metal to be coated, the other two, or pieces of metal to be coated may be the three ter minal electrodes; or a three phase three-wire circult, of either the delta or the Y formation may be used where one of the wires terminates at metal to be coated, another at the metal vat and the third at an aurriliary electrode or one of the wires may be connected to the metal vat and each of the other two, to separate pieces of metal to becoated, or each wire may be connected to a different piece of metal to be coated, thus coating three pieces of metal simultaneously.
  • the kind and quality of the coating will be the same, the cost of current however will of course vary inversely with the number of pieces coated with the same current.
  • the pieces to be coated are made electrodes in the electrolyte and every piece is connected in electrical series with the solution, the power source and one or more opposite electrodes, whether these latter be a con ducting vat, an auxiliary electrodeor other pieces of work in process, and the current is passed into an out of the electrolyte by means of the pieces acting as electrodes.
  • the kind and quality of the coating will be the same, but the cost of the electric current will vary inversely with the number of pieces coated simultaneously with the same current.
  • vat Where a steel vat is usedas one of the electrodes, it becomes coated and protected from further action, and, since the coating when wet with the electrolyte remains an electrical conductor, the vat may be used continuously for coating stampings without either wasting away or otherwise corroding. It is also possible where the vat is made of wood or brick or some other non-conducting material, to use some, sort of a plate of conducting material, as one of the electrodes and .the work as the other or, as above indicated, two
  • stampings may be immersed in the electrolyte at the same time, acting as oppositeelectrodes so as to coat them both at the same time with the same current.
  • the finished dry coating produced by Formula N0, 1 has too high an electrical resistance, a coating of less electrical resistance may be produced by using an electrolyte made in accordance with the following formula:
  • any convenient source of the cation in the electrolyte may be substituted for that given in the formulas such as free metal, oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or any salt whose anion may be tolerated in the electrolyte and the same considerations apply to the anions of the electrolyte.
  • Formula No. 1 produces a zinc phosphate coating; Formula No. 2, a coating containing both cadmium phosphate and metallic cadmium; Formula No. 3, a zinc phosphate coating; Formula No. 4, an iron phosphate coating; Formula No. 5, a coating containing zinc phosphate, cadmium phosphate and metallic cadmium; Formula No. 6, a coating containing zin phosphate and iron phosphate.
  • the metal After the metal has been coated according to this invention and then washed and dried, it is in condition to receive an applied organic finish such as oil, paint, lacquer, synthetic enamel, japan or varnish, which'may be applied by dipping, brushing or spraying. This may be allowed to air dry or it may be dried in an oven provided its temperature is not high enough to injure the organic finish. Repeated tests indicate that the organic finish holds better to the coating of this invention than it does to the bare metal and remains entirely free from the development of defects usually met-with when the finish is applied directly to the metal, hence the invention is useful in preparing the metal for painting, etc.
  • an applied organic finish such as oil, paint, lacquer, synthetic enamel, japan or varnish
  • the chemicals used in preparing the electrolyte are inexpensive and commercially available, as the amount of electrical energy consumed is relatively small, and as, the coatings produced are superior to those of the prior art, the process affords a maximum protection against corrosion at a minimum cost' and constitutes a unique advance in the art of protecting .metal phate, the method which comprises electrode-.
  • the method which comprises electrodepositing the coating by using the metal as an electrode in an electrolyte containing phosphate anions and the cations of zinc and passing a reversing current through said electrolyte by means of said electrode.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
US701869A 1933-12-11 1933-12-11 Method of coating metal Expired - Lifetime US2132438A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US435773XA 1933-12-11 1933-12-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2132438A true US2132438A (en) 1938-10-11

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ID=21927873

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US701869A Expired - Lifetime US2132438A (en) 1933-12-11 1933-12-11 Method of coating metal
US79276A Expired - Lifetime US2132439A (en) 1933-12-11 1936-05-12 Method of producing phosphate coated ferrous articles

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US79276A Expired - Lifetime US2132439A (en) 1933-12-11 1936-05-12 Method of producing phosphate coated ferrous articles

Country Status (4)

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US (2) US2132438A (fr)
DE (1) DE639447C (fr)
FR (2) FR783250A (fr)
GB (2) GB435773A (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426962A (en) * 1939-11-24 1947-09-02 Lufkin Rule Co Process for making measuring tapes
US2449495A (en) * 1944-01-12 1948-09-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Application of phosphate protective coatings to nonferrous metals
US2510071A (en) * 1945-08-09 1950-06-06 Poor & Co Vitreous enameling of ferrous metal
US2533533A (en) * 1946-01-08 1950-12-12 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Method of forming a strongly adherent electrodeposit
US2590927A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-04-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrolytic method of removing burrs
US2854390A (en) * 1958-04-22 1958-09-30 Mcneill William Method of making cadmium niobate
US2906677A (en) * 1955-03-17 1959-09-29 Nat Steel Corp Electrolytic treatment of tinplate
US2920019A (en) * 1957-05-17 1960-01-05 Nat Steel Corp Electrolytic treatment of black plate and product
US3133005A (en) * 1960-12-08 1964-05-12 Hooker Chemical Corp Process for electrodepositing metallic coatings
US3449229A (en) * 1966-08-08 1969-06-10 Hooker Chemical Corp Electrophoretic deposition on zinc enriched metal surface
US3449222A (en) * 1964-08-13 1969-06-10 Hooker Chemical Corp Metal coating process
US3544390A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-12-01 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Phosphatizing process for iron products and products obtained thereby
US4243496A (en) * 1978-05-19 1981-01-06 Chaffoteaux Et Maury Process for the formation of protecting coatings on zinc surfaces
US4663000A (en) * 1985-07-25 1987-05-05 Kollmorgan Technologies, Corp. Process for electro-deposition of a ductile strongly adhesive zinc coating for metals
US20080166575A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2008-07-10 Chemetall Gmbh Method For Preparing Metallic Workplaces For Cold Forming
US20100101955A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2010-04-29 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Catalytic materials, electrodes, and systems for water electrolysis and other electrochemical techniques
US11518960B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2022-12-06 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Alkaline molybdenum cation and phosphonate-containing cleaning composition

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE764758C (de) * 1936-05-12 1952-07-10 James Harvey Gravell Verfahren zur Herstellung von phosphathaltigen UEberzuegen auf Metallen
DE974004C (de) * 1937-06-02 1960-08-18 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Verbesserung der spanlosen Verformung von Werkstuecken aus Eisen und Zink
DE748210C (de) * 1939-04-23 1944-10-28 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phosphatueberzuegen auf Eisen und Stahl
DE746271C (de) * 1940-11-07 1944-06-17 Metallgesellschaft Ag Phosphatierverfahren
FR1080914A (fr) * 1953-06-16 1954-12-14 United States Steel Corp Procédé électrochimique de revêtement des surfaces en acier, produits destinés à sa mise en oeuvre et produits en résultant
US2926123A (en) * 1956-03-30 1960-02-23 Sidney L Simon Temperature reducing coating for metals subject to flame exposure
US3446715A (en) * 1965-04-09 1969-05-27 Oakite Prod Inc Metal treating
JPS52141439A (en) * 1976-04-27 1977-11-25 Nippon Paint Co Ltd Method of managing chemicallconversion treating liquid for acidic phosphate coating
JPS5456038A (en) * 1977-10-12 1979-05-04 Nippon Paint Co Ltd Controlling method for acidic phosphate film forming liquid
JPS58181889A (ja) * 1982-04-17 1983-10-24 Nippon Steel Corp 片面亜鉛系電気メツキ鋼板の製造方法
US5310464A (en) * 1991-01-04 1994-05-10 Redepenning Jody G Electrocrystallization of strongly adherent brushite coatings on prosthetic alloys
US5324399A (en) * 1992-05-12 1994-06-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and system for monitoring quality of phosphate coating
US20100131064A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2010-05-27 University Of Nebraska Bioresorbable polymer reconstituted bone and methods of formation thereof

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426962A (en) * 1939-11-24 1947-09-02 Lufkin Rule Co Process for making measuring tapes
US2449495A (en) * 1944-01-12 1948-09-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Application of phosphate protective coatings to nonferrous metals
US2510071A (en) * 1945-08-09 1950-06-06 Poor & Co Vitreous enameling of ferrous metal
US2533533A (en) * 1946-01-08 1950-12-12 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Method of forming a strongly adherent electrodeposit
US2590927A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-04-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrolytic method of removing burrs
US2906677A (en) * 1955-03-17 1959-09-29 Nat Steel Corp Electrolytic treatment of tinplate
US2920019A (en) * 1957-05-17 1960-01-05 Nat Steel Corp Electrolytic treatment of black plate and product
US2854390A (en) * 1958-04-22 1958-09-30 Mcneill William Method of making cadmium niobate
US3133005A (en) * 1960-12-08 1964-05-12 Hooker Chemical Corp Process for electrodepositing metallic coatings
US3449222A (en) * 1964-08-13 1969-06-10 Hooker Chemical Corp Metal coating process
US3449229A (en) * 1966-08-08 1969-06-10 Hooker Chemical Corp Electrophoretic deposition on zinc enriched metal surface
US3544390A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-12-01 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Phosphatizing process for iron products and products obtained thereby
US4243496A (en) * 1978-05-19 1981-01-06 Chaffoteaux Et Maury Process for the formation of protecting coatings on zinc surfaces
US4663000A (en) * 1985-07-25 1987-05-05 Kollmorgan Technologies, Corp. Process for electro-deposition of a ductile strongly adhesive zinc coating for metals
US20080166575A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2008-07-10 Chemetall Gmbh Method For Preparing Metallic Workplaces For Cold Forming
US20100101955A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2010-04-29 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Catalytic materials, electrodes, and systems for water electrolysis and other electrochemical techniques
US11518960B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2022-12-06 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Alkaline molybdenum cation and phosphonate-containing cleaning composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB435773A (en) 1935-09-27
FR48404E (fr) 1938-02-08
US2132439A (en) 1938-10-11
DE639447C (de) 1936-12-05
FR783250A (fr) 1935-07-10
GB495190A (en) 1938-11-07

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