US2134439A - Energizing system for discharge tubes - Google Patents

Energizing system for discharge tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2134439A
US2134439A US181929A US18192937A US2134439A US 2134439 A US2134439 A US 2134439A US 181929 A US181929 A US 181929A US 18192937 A US18192937 A US 18192937A US 2134439 A US2134439 A US 2134439A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
current
tube
condenser
voltage
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US181929A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dorgelo Eduard Gerardus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
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Application filed by Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV filed Critical Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
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Publication of US2134439A publication Critical patent/US2134439A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/30—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp
    • H05B41/34—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp to provide a sequence of flashes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/231—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for high-pressure lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/232—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps

Definitions

  • the present invention which forms a continuation-in-part of my copending U. S. patent application Ser. No. 127,756, now Patent #2,130,077, relates to a system for periodically energizing high-pressure metal-vapor discharge tubes, particularly when such tubes are used as lightsources in motion picture apparatus.
  • My invention is especially useful with discharge tubes of the type described in U. S. Patents #2,094,694 and #2,094,695 to Cornelis Bol et al.
  • Such tubes are particularly suited for projection purposes because they develop an intrinsic brilliance up to and above 200,000 Int. candles per sq. in., and the spectrum of the emitted light meets all the requirements of picture projection.
  • such tubes have the advantage that when they are properly energized, their light-emission -curve has dark periods of such duration that the nlm can be moved during these periods without the movement being visible on the screen, which makes a shutter unnecessary.
  • an energizing system for such tubes which comprises a circuit connected across an alternating-current supply and having twoparallel branches.
  • One of these branches comprises a preferably variable ohmic resistance and a rectier
  • the other branch comprises an impedance and the discharge tube
  • a condenser is connected in series with both these branches.
  • the main object of my invention is to overcome the above diiliculties and to increase the life of such tubes. cordance with the invention, I use in circuits of the above type a condenser and an impedance of such values that a current will continuously pass through the tube.
  • I make the minimum value of the tube current such that the emission of light from the tube periodically becomes so 10W that the movement' For this purpose and in ac- (Cl. 17E-Ml) of the lm can be effected during this period without being perceptible on the screen, and thereby make the use of shutters unnecessary.
  • Figure l is a schematic circuit diagram of an arrangement according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectionalized view of the discharge tube of Fig. l
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an arrangement according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the currentand voltage-time curves of the arrangement of Figure 1 when the condenser and the impedance have the values in accordance with the invention.
  • an alternating-current source e which may be the ordinary lighting or power supply, or a transformer, has one terminal l connected through a condenser C to a point 1, and has its other terminal 2 connected to a point 8.
  • a branch circuit comprising a rectifier G and a variable resistance R
  • a second branch circuit comprising a choke coil L and a discharge tube E.
  • Resistance R may be connected between points 3 and 4, or between points 5 and 6 as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the choke coil L may be replaced by a resistance.
  • the discharge tube E I prefer to use cooled high-pres ⁇ sure metal-vapor discharge tubes such as described in the above-mentioned patents.
  • the tube should be lliquid-cooled and have a mercury-vapor filling of high-pressure, preferably more than 6 atmospheres, for eX- ample 150 atmospheres, and should comprise one or more incandescible electrodes protruding il l) only slightly from a vaporizable metallic mass which surrounds said electrodes and which contains mercury or amalgam.
  • high-pressure preferably more than 6 atmospheres, for eX- ample 150 atmospheres
  • incandescible electrodes protruding il l only slightly from a vaporizable metallic mass which surrounds said electrodes and which contains mercury or amalgam.
  • Such a tube is illustrated in Figure 2 in which the reference numeral 3
  • the tube is surrounded by a cooling jacket 33 of transparent material through which cooling water is circulated as indicated by the arrows.
  • the circuit arrangement operates as follows. When terminal 2 is positive, condenser C becomes charged Aby a potential which is governed by resistance R, since rectifier G permits the current to ilow in this direction. When the potential oi terminals I and 2 are reversed, there is consequently set up across tube E a total voltage which is the sum of the voltage of condenser C and the voltage of supply e. It follows therefore that the circuit arrangement illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 makes it possible to start and to maintain in operation discharge tubes which have a starting-voltage higher than the highest voltage of the alternating-current source.
  • the value of resistance R is such that the condenser voltage, designated by dotted curve II, approaches very closely to the maximum voltage of the alternating-current source.
  • the condenser retains its charge, because rectifier G does not allow passage of current in the reverse direction.
  • the voltage of the A. C. source has reached the maximum value at l2, it decreases so that there is set up between the points 1 and 8 of Figs. 1 and 3, a potential difference which is indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 4 by the cross-hatched part.
  • the discharge tube E and the choke L Connected in series across points l and 8 are the discharge tube E and the choke L.
  • the voltage across points 'I and 8 reaches for the first time, at point I4, a value equal to the breakdown voltage of the discharge tube, indicated by line I3 in Fig. 4, the tube 'lights up.
  • the iiow of current through the tube is indicated diagrammatically by the curve I6 which starts at a point I5.
  • the condenser then discharges through the tube E as indicated by the portion Il of curve II.
  • condenser I C is given a sufliciently high capacity, it will periodically discharge only a comparatively small amount which means that the voltage across -the same drops only a small amount (see curve part Il), and when choke L is given the proper inductance, it is possible to maintain the flow of current through tube E until the voltage between the points I and 8 again increases and a renewed increase in current is set up from the point 23 onwards. Thus tube E will not become extinguished but will be supplied with an uninterrupted and periodically varying current. The higher the values of the inductance of choke L and the capacity of condenser C, the less will be the periodical decrease of the current through the tube.
  • the condenser C, the rectcluder G and the impedance L act as a rectifying circuit, in which C and L together form the smoothing filter.
  • the rectiiied current When the maximum value oi the A. C. is greater than the D. C. the rectiiied current will beperiodically interrupted; but when it is smaller, the rectified current will be uninterrupted.
  • the condenser C and the impedance L are so proportioned that the maximum value of the alternating component (curve I 6) of the rectified current will be smaller than the value of the direct component (curve 24) of said rectified current, i. e., so that the current through the tube E will not be interrupted.
  • An energizing system for a high-pressure metal-vapor discharge tube having a contracted discharge path comprising a source of alternating current, and means between said source and said tube for passing through said tube an uninterrupted and periodically varying operating current.
  • said means comprising a circuit conacross said supply and having two parallel ⁇ branches, a condenser in 'said circuit and in l series with both of sai.
  • branches a rectiiier in one of said branches, an impedance in said circuit between said rectier and one end of said source, and a second impedance, said second impedance and discharge tube being connected y in series in said second branch, said condenser and second impedance being proportioned to cause an uninterrupted and periodically varying current to pass through said tube.
  • An energizing system for a high-pressure metal-vapor discharge tube having a contracted discharge path comprising a source of alternating current, and means associated with said source to rectify said alternating current and to supply to said tube an uninterrupted and periodically varying operating current, said means comprising a vcircuit connected across said supply and having two parallel branches, a condenser in said circuit and in series with both o said branches, a rectier in one of said branches, a variable resistance in said circuit between said rectifier and one end of said source, and an impedance, said impedance and discharge tube being connected in series in said second branch, said condenser and said impedance being proportioned to cause the maximum value of the alternating component of the reotied current to be smaller than the value of direct component of said rectied current.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US181929A 1936-12-29 1937-12-27 Energizing system for discharge tubes Expired - Lifetime US2134439A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE425453X 1936-12-29

Publications (1)

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US2134439A true US2134439A (en) 1938-10-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US181929A Expired - Lifetime US2134439A (en) 1936-12-29 1937-12-27 Energizing system for discharge tubes

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US2134439A (da)
BE (1) BE425453A (da)
CH (1) CH201641A (da)
DK (1) DK56237C (da)
FR (1) FR831377A (da)
GB (1) GB492943A (da)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2575001A (en) * 1948-02-07 1951-11-13 Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co Operating system for discharge devices and vapor arc lamps
US2856565A (en) * 1956-12-24 1958-10-14 Elox Corp Michigan Electrical discharge machining
US2893289A (en) * 1953-03-09 1959-07-07 Harold E Edgerton Microscope flash-photography system and apparatus
US2943554A (en) * 1957-04-22 1960-07-05 Kastner Erich Film printing machine
US3114893A (en) * 1958-03-19 1963-12-17 Ciaude Paz Et Visseaux Device for marking with light a high voltage overhead line
FR2358803A1 (fr) * 1976-07-12 1978-02-10 Electrolux Ab Dispositif de couplage de lampe a decharge ou similaire
WO1999002019A1 (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-01-14 Sabattin Algan Ignitor free discharge tube lighting apparatus

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2575001A (en) * 1948-02-07 1951-11-13 Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co Operating system for discharge devices and vapor arc lamps
US2893289A (en) * 1953-03-09 1959-07-07 Harold E Edgerton Microscope flash-photography system and apparatus
US2856565A (en) * 1956-12-24 1958-10-14 Elox Corp Michigan Electrical discharge machining
US2943554A (en) * 1957-04-22 1960-07-05 Kastner Erich Film printing machine
US3114893A (en) * 1958-03-19 1963-12-17 Ciaude Paz Et Visseaux Device for marking with light a high voltage overhead line
FR2358803A1 (fr) * 1976-07-12 1978-02-10 Electrolux Ab Dispositif de couplage de lampe a decharge ou similaire
WO1999002019A1 (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-01-14 Sabattin Algan Ignitor free discharge tube lighting apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK56237C (da) 1939-05-30
GB492943A (en) 1938-09-29
FR831377A (fr) 1938-09-01
CH201641A (de) 1938-12-15
BE425453A (fr) 1938-01-31

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