US2135581A - Synchronous receiving system - Google Patents

Synchronous receiving system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2135581A
US2135581A US253239A US25323928A US2135581A US 2135581 A US2135581 A US 2135581A US 253239 A US253239 A US 253239A US 25323928 A US25323928 A US 25323928A US 2135581 A US2135581 A US 2135581A
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United States
Prior art keywords
relay
impulses
receiving
tongue
potential
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Expired - Lifetime
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US253239A
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English (en)
Inventor
William A Knoop
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US253239A priority Critical patent/US2135581A/en
Priority to GB24441/28A priority patent/GB321990A/en
Priority to DEE37973D priority patent/DE558981C/de
Priority to FR661776D priority patent/FR661776A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2135581A publication Critical patent/US2135581A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/44—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using relay distributors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high speed synchronous telegraph systems in which, due to the characteristics of the transmission line, short signal impulses are excessively attenuated and must be 5.: rebuilt at the receiving end or the relaying point.
  • receiving systems for this purpose have been commonly termed vibrating relay systems.
  • This expression is somewhat rnisdescriptive of the system of this invention (because loi short impulses are rebuilt without Vibration of any relay) and therefore, in this speciiication the expression interpolating receiving system will be used to define a system which restores, or interpolates short signal impulses which have been la; attenuated to such an extent that they are incapable of controlling a receiving relay or a relay for retransmitting the impulses into the next line section.
  • An object of the invention is to greatly increase 2Q, the speed of interpolating receiving systems without sacrifice of accuracy and reliability.
  • This invention comprises a synchronous telegraph receiver in which successive unit signal im- 35A pulses received over the line conductor are applied by a receiving distributor to a plurality of receiving relays in rotation. These relays repeat the impulses into a repeating distributor which rearranges them in the sequence of the original signal impulses for application to the printing magnets.
  • a receiving relay need operate at only a fraction of the frequency of received impulses, and another more important advantage is that it permits the use of special means whereby when no signal impulses of appreciable strength are received the line relay tongues are locked on successively opposite contacts, thereby causing the printing distributor to apply impulses of alter- 50 nately opposite polarity to the printing magnets without attendant motion of the relaytongues.
  • Each relay tongue or armature upon movement to a particular position tends to place the other in the opposite position and in the absence of line pulses of controlling amplitude is effective to do so; consequently there is an interlock means between the relays and inasmuch as each relay is controlled by the other through a discharge tube there is an interlock between the tubes whereby each controls the other in endless chain 5 fashion.
  • a feature contributing to this increased speed and reliability consists in the use of thermionic discharge tubes in addition to the usual receiving amplier, which tubes are energized by impulses received from the incoming line or line amplifier, as the case may be, to apply powerful and effective control currents to the receiving relays.
  • These receiving relays when not required to move are energized by discharge tubes controlled locally over a synchronized distributor to maintain their armatures in position but when an arriving impulse is applied to one of them to move its armature the energy of the impulse is not only increased by the discharge tube but its time duration may be increased as well.
  • the dis- 35 charge tube may be influenced by an impulse of short duration picked out of the center of the received impulse by a relatively short segment of the synchronize-d distributor but the relay is iniiuenced for a correspondingly longer time owing 0 to the pulse lengthening characteristic of the discharge tube and elements associated therewith.
  • Fig. l is a schematic circuit showing a preferred arrangement of applicants circuit.
  • Fig. 2 is an alternative arrangement
  • Fig. 3 is a series of curves showing the operation of the system.
  • a developed portion of the receiving distributor is shown having receiving brushes RB, interpolating brushes IB and printing brushes PB with their associated common and segmented rings.
  • Two main relays Rl and R2 each have two windings.
  • One winding of relay RI is under the control of receiving tube R'Ii and one winding of relay R2 is under the control oi receiving tube RT2.
  • the other winding of relay Ri is under the control of the interpolating tube ITI and the other winding of relay R2 is under the control of interpolating tube ITZ.
  • the receiving tubes have their respective grids connected to successive segments associated with the receiving brush RB and the interpolating tubes have their respective grids connected to successive segments associated with the interpolating brush IB.
  • the grids or control electrodes of all the tubes are Vat a steady negative potential supplied by a grid biasing battery 45, connected through leak resistance 46 to RC, or from battery di connected to the interpolating common ring IC, as a result of which the current in one winding of each of relays Ri and R2 is equal and opposite to that in the other winding, and the relay tongues remain stationary against opposite contacts.
  • the interpolating tube ITI and receiving tube RTI derive their plate currents from a single source throughra diierential meter 33, and the interpolating tube ITZ and receiving tube RT2 also derive their plate currents from a single source through a differential meter 34.
  • adjustable resistances i8, 35, 36 and 3'I arer inserted in the plate circuits of the tubes.
  • Each set of distributor segments and its associated brush and ring or rings constitute a cir.
  • the currents in the upper or line windr has a constant negative potential equal to that of battery 4l.
  • the relays remain in a state of equilibrium, with their tongues on opposite contacts as shown in curves I2 and I3 of Fig. 3 and the printing rings perform the function of restoring the unit impulses of successively opposite polarity by connecting the tongues of the two relays alternately to successive printing magnets.
  • printing relay PRl Since printing relay PRl is controlled by current over the tongue of relay RI its tongue follows the movements of the tongue of RI which in this case results in the application of negative current to common printing ring PCI and over the printing brush PB and connected segment to the first printing magnet in IA group.
  • printing relay PRI applies negative current to printer magnet 3A over the printing common ring PCI and brush PB.
  • These condensers are to prevent sudden iiuctuations in the voltage of the interpolating 253 common ring at the time the tongue of relay RI or R2 leaves one contact and before it has closed on the opposite contact. For instance at time H when a negative charge is applied to the grid of receiving tube RT2 by the receiving brush RB, the curr-ent in the upper winding is reduced and this permits the normal current in the lower winding to move the tongue to the right.
  • the potential of the potentiometer 43 at its mid-point would, if the condensers were not inserted, change from zero to a negative Value (the potential of the tongue of the other relay RI) and this would increase the negative potential of interpolating tube IT2 and reduce the current in the lower winding sufcient to permit the relay 4 tongue to fall back against its positive contact.
  • 'I'he condensers 21 and 28 store appreciable charges which discharge through the resistances of potentiometer 43 following the departure of the tongue of relay RI or R2 from one contact and serve to delay the change in the potential of the potentiometer mid-point 32 until the tongue has closed on the opposite contact.
  • Fig. 2 shows a modification of the system of Fig. 1 in which the potentiometer 43, with its associated condensers, has been eliminated by substituting a second segmented ring for the solid common ring IC in Fig. 1.
  • the printing relays have also been eliminated in this circuit but it is also possible to eliminate them from the circuit of nected to the tongue of thepreceding relay is to-y apply only the potential of the tongue of the preceding relay to the grid of an interpolating tube at any time.
  • each relay is always biased to a position opposite that of the precedingV relay by its interpolating winding.
  • VThis sets successive relay tongues on opposite contacts unless they are otherwise controlled by received line signals and therefore the relays cooperate vto rebuild lost impulses in the same general manner as do those in the circuit of Fig. 1.
  • tubes ITI and RTI condo not assume a preponderant control. It has already been shown that the discharge tube systems ⁇ mary vary in number and circuit arrangement and that each tube system may consist of one as well as of a plurality of tubes as shown in applicants Patents 1,799,627, granted April '7, 1931 and 1,832,308, granted November 175 1931; and the as yet unpatented application Serial No. 432,- 288, filed March 1, 1930 now Patent No. 2,060,222 granted Nov. 10, 1936; it is the intention there- .fore to include these and all other equivalent arrangements within the scope of the claims Yin so far as the terms of the claims are descriptive thereof.
  • An advantageof the system shown in Fig. 2 over that disclosed in Fig. v1 is that any desired number of relays may be used.
  • Two relays are ordinarily suflicient but where an odd number of signal impulses are received during each revolution of the distributor, it is obvious that they cannot be equally divided between'two relays. For instance in a five channel system utilizing a ve impulse code the minimum of five receiving relays would be required to evenlydivide the impulses.
  • a plurality of relays each having a movable armature operable Vbetween two contacts connected to opposite poles of a source of potential and having two operating windings, means connected to each winding for lengthening pulses applied thereto, synchronous distributing means for distributing received signal impulses to one winding of each repeating device through said pulselengthening means in rotation and for concurrently applying to the other winding of said relay through ythe pulse lengthening means associated therewith an impulse from the tongue of the preceding relay of such polarity and in such direction as to tend to operate the tongue of said relay to a positionor polarity opposite that of the tongue oi the preceding relay, signal -recording means, and synchronous switching means for connecting the tongues of the relays to said signal recording means in rotation.
  • two relays each having a tongue movable between two contacts connected to opposite poles of a source of potential land having two operating windings, a potentiometer, each end of which is conductively associated with the tongue of one of said relays, synchronous distributing means for distributing received signal impulses to one winding of each relay in rotation and for concurrently connecting the other winding of said relay between ythe mid-point of said potentiometer and a mid-tap of said source of potential, signal recording means, andsynchronous switching means for distributing impulses repeated by said repeating devices to said signal recording means.
  • Means as deiined in claim 2 further characterized in that a resistance is inserted between each pole of said source of potential and the contacts of the relays associated therewith and a condenser is connected between the tongue of each relay and each pole of said source of potential.
  • Means as defined in claim 2 further characterized in that a resistance is inserted between a plurality of relays each having a movable armafill ture operable between two contacts connected to opposite poles of a source of potential and having two operating windings, two three-electrode vacuum tubes associated with each relay, a common source of plate potential associated with each relay and connected through the respective windings differentially to the plates of the tubes associated therewith, means comprising a capacity connected between the grid and filament of each tubeA for storing impulses upon the grid, synchronous distributing means for distributing received signal impulses to the grid of one tube associated with each relay in rotation and for concurrently applying to the grid of the other tube associated with the same relay an impulse from the tongue of the preceding relay of such polarity and in such a vdirection as to tend to operate the tongue of said relay to a position opposite that of the tongue of the preceding relay, signal recording means, and synchronous switching means for connecting the tongues of the relays to said signal recording means in rotation.
  • a system as dened in claim 5 further characterized in that current indicating means and current regulating means are included in the plate circuit of each tube.
  • a system for relaying discrete impulses as similar discrete impulses of increased effectiveness comprising (a) an incoming line terminal, (b) a plurality of space discharge tubes, (C) a distributor for distributing impulses arriving from said terminal to a plurality of said tubes in succession, (d) input circuits for said tubes containing energy storing means, said circuits being connected to said distributor whereby short impulses applied thereto continue to remain effective for a time longer than the duration of the impulses applied, (e) an outgoing path under the control of at least one of said devices to which impulses oi enhanced effeteness corresponding to those supplied by said line terminal are supplied, and (f) a utilization circuit under the control of said outgoing path having the further characteristic feature of (9) a distributor comprising a plurality of contacts closed in succession each for a denite time synchronized with said first named distributor for controlling the duration of individual impulses in the utilization circuit.
  • two thermionic devices of the type including input and output circuits, a distributor equipment including a solid ring, a segmented ring and a rotating brush, alternate segments of said segmented ring being connected to the grid element of one of said devices, and the remaining segments of said segmented ring being connected to the grid element of said second device, a source of telegraph signals connected between the cathodes of said devices and the solid ring of said distributor, distributor elements for distributing impulses into various circuits under the control of impulses in said output circuits, signal responsive devices controlled by said distributor elements and means for rotating the brushes of said distributor and distributor elements in synchronism with telegraphic signaling impulses from said source.
  • a transmission line a plurality of printer magnets, electromagnetic means provided with armatures for relaying impulses received from said transmission line to said receiving printer magnets, circuit arrangements including repeater tubes for maintaining the armatures of said electromagnetic means in engagement with a predetermined contact while no impulses are being received over said line, and means including the armatures of said electromagnetic means for periodically reversing the polarity of impulses to said receiving printer magnets while no impulses are being received over said line.
  • a signalling line over which signalling impulses transmitted are so attenuated that the dot impulses are lost receiving electromagnetic means including armatures, printer magnets, means including the armatures of said electromagnetic means for operating said printer magnets in accordance with the signals transmitted over said signalling line, and means including circuit arrangements whereby the armatures of said electromagnetic means are moved only in response to impulses received, said circuit arrangements including devices for selecting an impulse of length corresponding to a portion only of a dot impulse and devices controlled thereby for applying a lengthened impulse of increased energy to said electromagnetic means.
  • An impulse receiving system comprising an incoming circuit, a discharge tube, a synchronized device periodically connecting said circuit to an input circuit of said tube to apply selected portions of incoming pulses thereto, an indicator or relay instrument to be operated and a device synchronized with said other synchronized device for applying lengthened impulses under control of the output circuit of said tube to said indicator or relay instrument.
  • An impulse receiving or relaying system comprising an incoming circuit, impulse lengthening and strengthening means including a discharge tube, a distributor periodically connecting said circuit to the input of said means, an instrument to be operated and a distributor for applying pulses controlled by the output of said means to said instrument.
  • a system comprising receiving elements, an incoming circuit, a plurality of electro-thermionic instrumentalities each capable of receiving a short impulse to produce a longer impulse, a distributor for distributing incoming impulses ⁇ in consecutive order between said devices, and a device for distributing impulses corresponding to said longer impulses to receiving elements, a plurality of which cooperate to produce a signal indication.
  • a source of signals a resistance element, means for causing a current iiow through said resistance in accordance with a received signal impulse, an electric discharge device having a cathode and a control electrode, and means responsive to the drop in potential across said resistance for controlling the operation of said device by changing the potential of said electrode with respect to said cathode, said means including a circuit making and breaking device for connecting the electrode to be under control of said source at periodic intervals.
  • a system for receiving positive and negative impulses and interpolating unit impulses during received zero impulses comprising an incoming path, space discharge tubes, distributor means for distributing successive impulses to said tubes in succession, receiving or relaying elements, distributor means for placing said elements under control of said tubes to register marking or spacing conditions in succession in synchronism with said rst named distributor means, and interlock means whereby distribution of a positive Yor negative impulse from said path to one of said tubes establishes a condition for assigning successive marking and spacing condisignals, comprising a receiving three-element tube relay characterized by the anode, cathode and control element, means for impressing the received signal impulses upon the control eler ment, a source of current, pulse translating elements, and a distributor operating to complete the connection of said source to said elements synchronously with the received intelligence signals for predetermined intervals.
  • a source ci signal impulses means for lling in attenuated impulses comprising a plurality of space discharge devices, arrangements whereby one of said devices assumes one denite grid potential in every unit impulse interval and the other assumes another deiinite grid potential in'every impulse interval under the inuence of the last received signal impulse, a distributor whereby successive signal responsive elements areV placed under the control of said devices in succession, and 4connections including a source of electric potential whereby each said element is controlled to a spacing or marking position dependent upon the grid potential of the device controlling it 'over ⁇ said distributor at the instant of control.
  • a system for receiving impulses and interpolatin'g short impulses comprising a plurality of discharge tubes to which received impulses are distributed, distributor means for so distributing said impulses, receiving elements under the control Vof said tubes, and devices controlled vby'said tubes when no impulsesarereceived'to'control said receiving elements alternately'according to different conditions to interpolate the short impulses.
  • interconnecting means whereby the output path of one system reacts on the other system to maintain said paths in condition to oppositely control said elements during such times as only neutral or ineffective Vpulses from said'path are 'applied to said systems.
  • a plurality of discharge tube systems means for distributing all impulses in synchronism and in succession toA definite succession and also control said elements in accordance with interpolated pulses.
  • a pair of thermionic discharge devices input and output circuits for said devices, an electrically resistive element, means for alternately connecting said element to the input circuits of said devices whereby a drop is applied to said input circuits during such connection, means whereby the current flow through said resistance is controlled by said output circuits, conductive paths, and control devices periodically opening and closing said paths to effect 5 said control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
US253239A 1928-02-10 1928-02-10 Synchronous receiving system Expired - Lifetime US2135581A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US253239A US2135581A (en) 1928-02-10 1928-02-10 Synchronous receiving system
GB24441/28A GB321990A (en) 1928-02-10 1928-08-24 Improvements in telegraph receiving systems
DEE37973D DE558981C (de) 1928-02-10 1928-09-12 Empfaenger oder Weitergeber fuer Synchrontelegraphenanlagen
FR661776D FR661776A (fr) 1928-02-10 1928-10-02 Systèmes télégraphiques récepteurs

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US253239A US2135581A (en) 1928-02-10 1928-02-10 Synchronous receiving system
GB24441/28A GB321990A (en) 1928-02-10 1928-08-24 Improvements in telegraph receiving systems

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US2135581A true US2135581A (en) 1938-11-08

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US253239A Expired - Lifetime US2135581A (en) 1928-02-10 1928-02-10 Synchronous receiving system

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US (1) US2135581A (fr)
DE (1) DE558981C (fr)
FR (1) FR661776A (fr)
GB (1) GB321990A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2652452A (en) * 1951-12-18 1953-09-15 Western Union Telegraph Co Interpolating circuit

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2652452A (en) * 1951-12-18 1953-09-15 Western Union Telegraph Co Interpolating circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE558981C (de) 1932-09-14
GB321990A (en) 1929-11-25
FR661776A (fr) 1929-07-30

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