US2146389A - Thermostatic element - Google Patents

Thermostatic element Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2146389A
US2146389A US80169A US8016936A US2146389A US 2146389 A US2146389 A US 2146389A US 80169 A US80169 A US 80169A US 8016936 A US8016936 A US 8016936A US 2146389 A US2146389 A US 2146389A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
percent
nickel
chromium
per cent
manganese
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US80169A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Romaine G Waltenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HA Wilson Co
Original Assignee
HA Wilson Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HA Wilson Co filed Critical HA Wilson Co
Priority to US80169A priority Critical patent/US2146389A/en
Priority to DEW4125A priority patent/DE881047C/de
Priority to FR821299D priority patent/FR821299A/fr
Priority to GB12491/37A priority patent/GB484946A/en
Priority to CH204269D priority patent/CH204269A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2146389A publication Critical patent/US2146389A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • G01K5/48—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid
    • G01K5/56—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid
    • G01K5/62—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip
    • G01K5/64—Details of the compounds system
    • G01K5/66—Selection of composition of the components of the system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H2037/526—Materials for bimetals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/125—Deflectable by temperature change [e.g., thermostat element]
    • Y10T428/12521—Both components Fe-based with more than 10% Ni

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermostatic elements, such as are commonly used for control, indicating,
  • thermostatic bimetal which has a high rate of deflection and may be employed throughout a wide range of temperatures without substantial variation in eifectiveness.
  • the bimetal of the invention also possesses physical characteristics which make it suitable for its intended use and it may be manufactured without difiiculty by the usual methods.
  • the new thermostatic couple consists of a pair of elements having wideiydiflerent coefilcients of expansion secured together face to face in any suitable manner, as by welding.
  • the low expanding member of the combination may be of any of the usual compositions customarily employed, such, for example, as a nickel steel containing from about 35 per cent to about 42 per cent of nickel or a chromium-iron alloy containing from about 12 per cent to about per cent .of chromium.
  • the high expanding'element is of novel composition and although this element is analloy steel containing the ordinary alloying constituents, namely, nickel, chromium, and manganese, it diifers from prior high expanding elements in that these constituents are present in proportions different from those heretofore used, and new and beneficial results are thereby obtained.
  • One form of embodiment of the invention is illustrated in side elevation in the single figure of the drawing in which the low expanding ele ment ID of the material above described is secured face to face to the high expanding element I l of the new composition.
  • thermostatic elements In the manufacture of thermostatic elements of the type to which this'invention relates, it is the common practice at present to employ a low carbon austenitic steel as the high expanding element, and to use relatively large amounts of alloying elements so that the steel will rema n stable under ordinary conditions of use.
  • a low carbon steel which is now in use for the high expandingeleme'nt of a thermostatic bimetal contains a total amount of nickel, chromium, and manganese equal to about 30 per cent of the steel.
  • Such a steel may be readily worked and welded, but its coeflicient of expansion is not as great as is desirable for some purposes.
  • a high expanding element suitablefor thermostatic purposes and having a higher coeflicient of expansion than that of the steel above referred to may be made by employing a less total content of alloying agents, and further, that if the alloying constituents are present in different proportions from those heretofore used, the steel is stable and has satisfactory physical characteristics.
  • My' new expanding element may thus contain nickel ranging from about 15 per cent ,to
  • Nickel and manganese are important factors in converting the iron to stable condition and maintaining it in that condition, manganese being the -more effective for this purpose, but when used'intoo large amounts, imparting undesirable physical characteristics to the final product.
  • Chromium with nickel also acts to stabilize the iron and, in addition, increases the resistance of the alloy to corrosion.
  • a high carbon content that is, one within the specified range, permits smaller total amounts of nickel, chromium, and manganese to be employed without loss of stability. Also, I find that if any of the four constituents, nickel, chromium, manganese, or carbon, is increased within its specified range, decreased amounts of the other constituents within their ranges are permissible.
  • each of the alloying constituents be present in an amount which is near either the upper limits or the lowerlimits set forth, but, for example, if an element is to be made with the nickel near the lower limit specified for that constituent, the amounts of chromium and manganese present should be in the upper portions of their ranges.
  • the corrosion resistance of the high expanding element of a'bimetal is not always important, however, since if the low expanding element consists of iron and nickel only, the corrosion resistance of that element will ordinarily be less than that of the high expanding element and will, therefore, determine the resistance of the bimetal as a whole.
  • compositions which embody the invention are as follows, the percentages given being approximate in each case:
  • Example I Per cent Nickel 18 to 20 Chromium 2 to 3 Manganese 0.5 to 3 Carbon 0.5 to 0.8
  • Example II Per cent Nickel 19 to 19.75 Chromium 2 to 2.5 Manganese 0.90 to 1.00 Carbon 0.5 to 0.6
  • compositions above set forth include small amounts of silicon and cobalt, preferably not exceeding 0.2 per cent and 0.1 per cent, respectively.
  • molybdenum may be used to replace some of the nickel, manganese, or chromium.
  • molybdenum is used to replace the chromium, either wholly or in part, more nickel or manganese is required to produce a stable alloy.
  • the use of molybdenum increases the strength of the element at elevated temperatures above 750 F.
  • Example III is characterized by its high coefficient of thermal expansion and it is effective through a range of temperatures from about --80 F. to above 1300 F.
  • an alloy of the analysis given in Example III has a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 10.5 x at room temperature, this coefficient increasing to about 11 x 10.- at about 600 F.
  • the new alloy contains a relatively high carbon content, it is somewhat more difficult to work and weld than low carbon steels, but these dimculties are not important and do not interfere with its use in the production of thermostatic elements.
  • the low expanding member may be any of the commonly used alloys, which, in general, are equivalents for the purpose. It is to be understood, therefore, that in the bimetallic elements defined in the following claims, any suitable low expanding element may be substituted for the nickel steel containing 35 percent to 42 percent nickel specified, although, when such a substitution is made, I prefer to employ an alloy in which iron predominates, such, for example, as a chrome iron alloy containing from 12 percent to 25 percent of chromium.
  • a bimetallic thermostatic element which comprises a low expanding element made of a nickel steel in which the nickel content ranges from about 35 percent to about 42 percent and a high expanding element made of a high carbon steel consisting of carbon ranging from not less than 0.5 percent to about 1 percent, nickel ranging from about 15 percent to about 22 percent chromium ranging from about 2 percent to about 8 percent, manganese ranging from about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent, the total amount of nickel, chromium, and manganese ranging from not less than 17.5 percent to not more than 24.5 percent, small amounts of silicon and cobalt not exceeding 0.2 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively, and the remainder iron.
  • a bimetallic thermostatic element which comprises a low expanding element made of a nickel steel in which the nickel content ranges from about 35 percent to about 42 percent and a high expanding element made of a high carbon steel consisting of carbon ranging from not less than 0.5 percent to about 0.8 percent, nickel ranging from about 18 percent to about 20 percent, chromium ranging from about 2 percent to about 3 percent, manganese ranging from about 0.5 percent to about 3 percent, the total amount of the nickel, chromium, and manganese ranging from not less than 17.5 percent to not more than 24.5 percent, small amounts of silicon and cobalt not exceeding 0.2 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively, and the remainder iron.
  • a bimetallic thermostatic element which comprises a low expanding element made of a nickel steel in which the nickel content ranges from about 35 percent to 42 percent and a high expanding element made of a high carbon steel consisting of carbon ranging from not less than 0.5 percent to about 1 percent, nickel ranging from about 19 percent to about 19.75 percent, chromium ranging from about 2 percent to about 2.5 percent, manganese ranging from about 0.9 percent to about 1 percent, small amounts of silicon and cobalt not exceeding 0.2 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively, and the remainder iron.
  • a bimetallic thermostatic element which comprises a low expanding eelment made of a nickel steel in which the nickel content ranges from about 35 percent to about 42 percent and a. high expanding element made of a high carbon steel consisting of carbon in an amount from not less than 0.5 percent to about 1 percent, about 19.5 percent nickel, about 2.5 percent chromium, about 1 percent manganese, small amounts of silicon and cobalt not exceeding 0.2 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively, and the remainder iron.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
US80169A 1936-05-16 1936-05-16 Thermostatic element Expired - Lifetime US2146389A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80169A US2146389A (en) 1936-05-16 1936-05-16 Thermostatic element
DEW4125A DE881047C (de) 1936-05-16 1937-04-27 Bimetall-Element
FR821299D FR821299A (fr) 1936-05-16 1937-04-29 Perfectionnements aux éléments thermostatiques
GB12491/37A GB484946A (en) 1936-05-16 1937-05-01 Improvements in bimetallic thermostatic elements
CH204269D CH204269A (fr) 1936-05-16 1937-05-08 Organe bimétallique.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80169A US2146389A (en) 1936-05-16 1936-05-16 Thermostatic element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2146389A true US2146389A (en) 1939-02-07

Family

ID=22155696

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US80169A Expired - Lifetime US2146389A (en) 1936-05-16 1936-05-16 Thermostatic element

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2146389A (fr)
CH (1) CH204269A (fr)
DE (1) DE881047C (fr)
FR (1) FR821299A (fr)
GB (1) GB484946A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2461518A (en) * 1944-03-29 1949-02-15 Metals & Controls Corp Corrosion-resisting thermostat metal
US2700627A (en) * 1951-07-20 1955-01-25 Harold R Nelson Treatment for commercial bimetals
US4585707A (en) * 1983-04-29 1986-04-29 Carpenter Technology Corporation High expansion alloy for bimetal strip

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2461518A (en) * 1944-03-29 1949-02-15 Metals & Controls Corp Corrosion-resisting thermostat metal
US2700627A (en) * 1951-07-20 1955-01-25 Harold R Nelson Treatment for commercial bimetals
US4585707A (en) * 1983-04-29 1986-04-29 Carpenter Technology Corporation High expansion alloy for bimetal strip

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB484946A (en) 1938-05-12
FR821299A (fr) 1937-12-01
CH204269A (fr) 1939-07-17
DE881047C (de) 1953-06-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2156306A (en) Austenitic addition material for fusion welding
US3306736A (en) Austenitic stainless steel
US4402742A (en) Iron-nickel base brazing filler metal
EP0083254A2 (fr) Acier résistant aux températures élevées
US2373490A (en) Heat-resisting alloys
US3171738A (en) Austenitic stainless steel
US2146389A (en) Thermostatic element
US3266876A (en) Ferrous weld deposit and structure
US2481385A (en) Weld and weld rod
US2185987A (en) Corrosion resistant ferrous alloy
US2201425A (en) Alloy steel
US1987714A (en) High temperature thermostatic metal
US2332416A (en) Bimetal
US3537846A (en) Welding wire and welding strip for cladding stainless layers on unalloyed and low-alloyed structural steels and for other purposes where a stainless filler material with high chromium and nickel contents is required
US2978319A (en) High strength, low alloy steels
US2109285A (en) Alloy
US1929655A (en) Oxidation resistant bimetal
US1979594A (en) Manganese - molybdenum - vanadium steel and articles made therefrom
US2200208A (en) Corrosion-resisting ferrous alloy
US2150901A (en) Rustless iron
US2134670A (en) Corrosion resisting ferrous alloys
US2815280A (en) Alloy steel and article made therefrom
US2159497A (en) Chromium-nickel steel
US1998957A (en) Ferrous alloy
US3402080A (en) High tensile strength steel alloys