US2156845A - Method of and apparatus for drying substances in vacuo - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for drying substances in vacuo Download PDF

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Publication number
US2156845A
US2156845A US197485A US19748538A US2156845A US 2156845 A US2156845 A US 2156845A US 197485 A US197485 A US 197485A US 19748538 A US19748538 A US 19748538A US 2156845 A US2156845 A US 2156845A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
supports
heat
products
heating elements
vacuo
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US197485A
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English (en)
Inventor
Johan Georg Wilhelm Gentele
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Individual
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Publication of US2156845A publication Critical patent/US2156845A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
    • F26B5/044—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum for drying materials in a batch operation in an enclosure having a plurality of shelves which may be heated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23C1/00—Concentration, evaporation or drying
    • A23C1/01—Drying in thin layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/06—Infrared

Definitions

  • My present invention refers to a method and an apparatus for drying in vacuo substances liable to change under the action of heat.
  • substances are vegetables, berries, fish, eggs,
  • My present invention refers to an improvement of the method and apparatus set forth in my copending application Ser. No. 41,486.
  • the heating of the metallic support and the goods lying on the same is therefore effected practically exclusively by radiant heat emanating from heating elements located above and 45 beneath each support and at a distance from the same.
  • the heating elements which may be heated by steam, combustion gases, electric current, etc., are of substantially the same size as the supports so that said supports and the prod- 50 ucts lying on the same are uniformly heated all over their surfaces.
  • metals adapted to be used as supports in applicants invention should thus be treated so as to get a high intensity of radiation.
  • Such metals are for instance oxidised sheet iron, aluminium sheets which are blackened or made 30 dull on one or both sides so as to get a highconstant ofradiation, oxidised copper etc. Aluminium is considered to be the most convenient material since it has no chemical influence on the products to be dried. 35
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the apparatus and Fig. 2 is a cross-section along the line II-II in Fig. 1.
  • the apparatus consists of a casing I which may be provided on the outside with a heat-insulation 2.
  • One of the end-walls is in the form of a. door 3 which can be opened when products are to be put in or taken out and which is kept hermetically closed during the drying process.
  • Inside the evacuated chamber A there are electrical heating elements 4, which are well-insulated, not only against electric current but also against heat so that the conduction of heat to the other parts of thev apparatus is prevented. Between the heating elements and at a suitable .distance from them the supports 5 for the products to be dried are located, said supports bey ing insulated against conducted heat from the other parts of the apparatus.
  • the supports may as mentioned consist of for instance oxidised sheet iron, blackened or dull, aluminium or other convenient metal with high intensity of radiation. According -to applicants present invention especially the lower side of said supports should be blackened or treated with acids or made dull in any convenient manner, but even the upper side may be made dull. By treating the lower surface or, if wanted, also the upper surface of the supports so as to get a high constant of radiation, any suitable proportion between the heat supplied from above and that supplied from below may be obtained.
  • any convenient insulating material may be used, such as wood, board, wood fibres, asbestos, Bakelite or the like.
  • the heating is effected by electric current.
  • 'I'he supports 5 and heating elements 4 are carried by a frame 30 (Fig. 2) of insulating material provided with insulated projections 9 on which said l supports and elements rest. n the outer sides of said frame there are placed electric conductors 32 with which the heating elements are connected.
  • the heating elements may be of any convenient construction, such as plates, bands, wires. The main lines and the terminals of the elements are electrically insulated from the metal parts ofthe apparatus.
  • the heating elements 4 are placed at a suitable distance from thesupports for the materials to be dried so that the heat transmitted to the latter is only radiant heat.
  • a cooling battery I0 is placed near the one end of the evacuated chamber.
  • This battery consists of a number of parvallel tubes (see Fig. 2) placed close alongside each other, through which cold water ilows, the temperature of the water being such that ef- .fective cooling and consequently condensation of the water vapour is caused so that the latter is quickly removed from the evaporation zone.
  • I2 is a. suction pipe leading to the vacuumpump I3. As this pipe leaves the apparatus on the side of the cooling batteries I0 in the evaporating chamber opposite to that on which the supports and heating elements are placed, no water-vapour escapes from said chamber into the suction pipe of the vacuum pump as it is condensed when it comes into contact with the cooling batteries. Consequently, it is possible to maintain a very high vacuum which is indicated by the gauge I4. Thus, the vacuum pump is not used for removing the water-vapour but only for maintaining the requisite vacuum.
  • the condensed water formed when the watervapour comes into contact with the cooling batteries is collected in a recess I5 in the bottom of the oolingzone and is thence removed through the pipe I6 to the container I1, which may suitably be graduated so that the quantity of condensed water may be measured, thus giving a. check on the progress of the drying process.
  • the container I1 On the pipe I6 there is a valve I8 and on the outlet pipe I9 a valve 26.
  • Apparatus for drying substances in vacuo which are liable to change under the action of heat comprising a casing enclosing an evaporating chamber, means for creating a vacuum in said chamber, metal supports for the products to be dried in said chamber, said supports being made black or dull on at least the lower side so as to get a. high intensity of radiation, radiant heating elements in said chamber placed o n both sides of each support and at a distance from the same, means for insulating the said supports from heat conducting parts of the apparatus, and means for cooling the vapour generated from said products.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
US197485A 1937-03-27 1938-03-22 Method of and apparatus for drying substances in vacuo Expired - Lifetime US2156845A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT157980T 1937-03-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2156845A true US2156845A (en) 1939-05-02

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ID=3649602

Family Applications (1)

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US197485A Expired - Lifetime US2156845A (en) 1937-03-27 1938-03-22 Method of and apparatus for drying substances in vacuo

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2156845A (de)
AT (1) AT157980B (de)
DE (1) DE685527C (de)
SE (1) SE102355C1 (de)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445120A (en) * 1947-09-08 1948-07-13 Michael Reese Res Foundation Drying of frozen materials by heat radiation
US2474093A (en) * 1944-05-02 1949-06-21 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Method of plasticizing knitted goods made from thermoplastic yarn
US2477660A (en) * 1944-05-31 1949-08-02 Guardite Corp Method of loading in a multilayer vacuum drier
US2495535A (en) * 1946-02-16 1950-01-24 Willard L Morrison Drier
US2539943A (en) * 1948-02-24 1951-01-30 American Enka Corp Drying rayon
US2575426A (en) * 1947-12-22 1951-11-20 American Machinery Corp Method of and apparatus for treating edible produce
US2623298A (en) * 1947-01-15 1952-12-30 Fladmark Morten Process for the utilization of glue water from herring oil and fish meal factories, whale stations, and the like
US2676417A (en) * 1949-11-21 1954-04-27 Ekelund Sigvard Frans August Laboratory drying oven
US2694867A (en) * 1952-02-06 1954-11-23 Lovell Mfg Co Drier
US2853796A (en) * 1954-10-29 1958-09-30 Wallace B Truslow Method and apparatus for dehydration of heat sensitive substances
US2952922A (en) * 1955-01-13 1960-09-20 Walter Jordan Apparatus for vacuum-drying temper-ature-sensitive goods
US3006077A (en) * 1958-03-03 1961-10-31 Production Control Units Inc Apparatus for dehydration of refrigeration hermetic compressors
US3135589A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-06-02 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Drying apparatus
US3157476A (en) * 1961-11-13 1964-11-17 Hupp Corp Radiant energy heat treating improvements
US3238638A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-03-08 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Flow through type drying apparatus
US3260783A (en) * 1961-02-17 1966-07-12 Baker Company Inc Vacuum oven
US3270433A (en) * 1962-07-13 1966-09-06 Nerge Wilhelm Freeze-drying apparatus
US3778964A (en) * 1971-11-15 1973-12-18 Roll O Sheets Apparatus for shrink packaging
USRE28965E (en) * 1962-03-08 1976-09-21 Pennwalt Corporation Flow through type drying apparatus

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE749043C (de) * 1942-02-28 1944-09-11 Vakuumtrockner zum Trocknen von Fruechten o. dgl.
DE941367C (de) * 1953-05-10 1956-04-12 Salzdetfurth Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entwaesserung von kristallwasserhaltigen Salzen
DE102006022906A1 (de) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-22 Bernd Dreisbach Vakuum-Trockenschrank

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2474093A (en) * 1944-05-02 1949-06-21 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Method of plasticizing knitted goods made from thermoplastic yarn
US2477660A (en) * 1944-05-31 1949-08-02 Guardite Corp Method of loading in a multilayer vacuum drier
US2495535A (en) * 1946-02-16 1950-01-24 Willard L Morrison Drier
US2623298A (en) * 1947-01-15 1952-12-30 Fladmark Morten Process for the utilization of glue water from herring oil and fish meal factories, whale stations, and the like
US2445120A (en) * 1947-09-08 1948-07-13 Michael Reese Res Foundation Drying of frozen materials by heat radiation
US2575426A (en) * 1947-12-22 1951-11-20 American Machinery Corp Method of and apparatus for treating edible produce
US2539943A (en) * 1948-02-24 1951-01-30 American Enka Corp Drying rayon
US2676417A (en) * 1949-11-21 1954-04-27 Ekelund Sigvard Frans August Laboratory drying oven
US2694867A (en) * 1952-02-06 1954-11-23 Lovell Mfg Co Drier
US2853796A (en) * 1954-10-29 1958-09-30 Wallace B Truslow Method and apparatus for dehydration of heat sensitive substances
US2952922A (en) * 1955-01-13 1960-09-20 Walter Jordan Apparatus for vacuum-drying temper-ature-sensitive goods
US3006077A (en) * 1958-03-03 1961-10-31 Production Control Units Inc Apparatus for dehydration of refrigeration hermetic compressors
US3260783A (en) * 1961-02-17 1966-07-12 Baker Company Inc Vacuum oven
US3135589A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-06-02 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Drying apparatus
US3157476A (en) * 1961-11-13 1964-11-17 Hupp Corp Radiant energy heat treating improvements
US3238638A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-03-08 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Flow through type drying apparatus
USRE28965E (en) * 1962-03-08 1976-09-21 Pennwalt Corporation Flow through type drying apparatus
US3270433A (en) * 1962-07-13 1966-09-06 Nerge Wilhelm Freeze-drying apparatus
US3778964A (en) * 1971-11-15 1973-12-18 Roll O Sheets Apparatus for shrink packaging

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT157980B (de) 1940-02-26
DE685527C (de) 1939-12-20
SE102355C1 (sv) 1941-08-19

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