US2196190A - Hydraulic brake system - Google Patents

Hydraulic brake system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2196190A
US2196190A US689715A US68971533A US2196190A US 2196190 A US2196190 A US 2196190A US 689715 A US689715 A US 689715A US 68971533 A US68971533 A US 68971533A US 2196190 A US2196190 A US 2196190A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
valve
cylinder
chamber
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US689715A
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English (en)
Inventor
Herbert C Bowen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydraulic Brake Co
Original Assignee
Hydraulic Brake Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydraulic Brake Co filed Critical Hydraulic Brake Co
Priority to US689715A priority Critical patent/US2196190A/en
Priority to FR777206D priority patent/FR777206A/fr
Priority to BE404809A priority patent/BE404809A/fr
Priority to GB24104/34A priority patent/GB443154A/en
Priority to DEH141055A priority patent/DE639483C/de
Priority to US121766A priority patent/US2185072A/en
Priority to GB1972/38A priority patent/GB502056A/en
Priority to FR49099D priority patent/FR49099E/fr
Priority to DE1938H0154427 priority patent/DE703322C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2196190A publication Critical patent/US2196190A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • B60T11/16—Master control, e.g. master cylinders
    • B60T11/224—Master control, e.g. master cylinders with pressure-varying means, e.g. with two stage operation provided by use of different piston diameters including continuous variation from one diameter to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D7/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal
    • B65D7/02—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by shape
    • B65D7/06—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by shape of polygonal cross-section, e.g. tins, boxes
    • B65D7/10—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by shape of polygonal cross-section, e.g. tins, boxes of drawer-and-shell type

Definitions

  • This invention relates to hydraulic brake systems, and more particularly to fluid pressure de,- vices therefor.
  • An object of the invention is to spread the transition from low to highv pressure over a prolonged period to smooth out the operation of the system.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid pressure device wherein simultaneously operable low and high pressure producing means are provided.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means controlled by pressure in the system for effecting gradual transition from a low to a high pressure.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide means controlled by pressure in the system for dis-associating the low pressure producing means from the system.
  • An additional object is to provide a device of the character herein described which is simple and inexpensive in structure, highly eiiicient in use, positive in action, durable in service, and a general improvement in the art.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a complete hydraulic brake installation including the reservoir and cylinder.
  • I0 represents the frame of a motor vehicle chassis.
  • the frame has suitably Asecured thereto a housing I2 including a reservoir I4 having an open top and a drain opening I6, the drain opening being closed as by a plug I8, and the top having iitted thereon a cover plate 20 provided with a filling opening 22 closed as by a plug 24 having a vent 26.
  • An operating shaft 28 extending transversely through the reservoir has suitably secured thereto, outside of the reservoir, afoot pedal lever 30 connected by a return spring 32 to a xed support.
  • the shaft 28 also has secured thereto, within the reservoir, a lever 34 having a lateral end 36 serving to transfer motion of the shaft 28 to a piston 38 operabley within a cylinder 40.
  • 'I'he cylinder 40 is suitably supported on the wall of the reservoir adjacent the bottom thereof with its open end extending into the reservoir.
  • the closed end or head of the cylinder projects from the Wall of the reservoir, and is provided with an axial port 42, communicatingv with outlets 44, 46, and 48, respectively.
  • the outlet 44 communicates with a pressure switch 50 connected in a circuit 52 including a battery 54 and a lamp 56, the circuit being grounded as indicated at 58.
  • the lamp 56 is a conventional stop light such as is in general use.
  • outlets 46 and 48 are connected by fluid pressure delivery pipes or' conduits 60 and 62 and branch pressure delivery pipes to motor cylinders 64 connected between the separable ends of friction elements 66 for spreading these elements into engagement with the drums 68 of wheel brakes 10, and the friction elements of the respective brakes are connected by retractable springs 12.
  • the cylinder 40 has a double diametral bore, providing a large and a small chamber.
  • the larger chamber has a slot 'I4 for the reception of the actuating lever 34, and a port 16 providing a communication between the larger chamber and the reservoir, and a by-pass 18 provides a communication between the large and small chambers.
  • the piston 38 reciprocable in the cylinder 40 includes a shell 80 tted snugly in the larger chamber of the cylinder.
  • This shell provides a chamber 82 having in its wall a plurality of ports 84 providing communications between the chamber and a circumferential chamber 86 communicating with a plurality of spaced openings 88 in a piston head 90 fitted in thelarger chamber of the cylinder and having fitted thereon a collapsible leak-proof cup 92.
  • the head 90 also has a passage 94 providing a communication between the chamber 82 and the larger chamber of the cylinder.
  • the head 90 has formed concentrically there- Vwith a sleeve 96 of smaller diameter than the dif ameter of the small chamber of the cylinder.
  • This sleeve has a head 98 fitted snugly in the small chamber of the cylinder.
  • the head 98 has a plurality vof spaced openings
  • 02 is held against displacement by a coil spring
  • 08 has normally closed passages
  • 06 also serves to return the piston to its retracted position.
  • the sleeve has therein a reciprocable Vplunger
  • the plunger has a head exposed to the fluid pressure in the smaller or high-pressure chamber and an annular portion
  • the area of the plunger head is approximately twothirds that of. the annular portion
  • 0 also carries a disk valve
  • the valve 4 is normally held against its seat by a coil spring
  • the spider has thereon a sleeve
  • Movement of the fluid under pressure through the outlet 44 actuates the pressure switch 50 to close the circuit 52 resulting in lighting the signal lamp 56, and simultaneously therewith the uid moves under pressure through the outlets 46 and 48 and the de ⁇ lvery ⁇ pipes or conduits 60 and 62 connecting these outlets to the motor cylinders 64, resulting in actuation of these cylinders to spread the brake elements B6 against the resistance of the retractor spring 12 into engagement with the drums 68 of the brakes 10.
  • 4 opens the cup
  • the function of maintaining pressure on the fluid in the small chamber is thus assumed by the piston head 98 and plunger l0 without appreciable loss of pressure in the high-pressure chamber and that part of the braking system connected therewith.
  • the plunger 0 has a head exposed to the pressure in the high-pressure chamber and an annular portion
  • this valve will lower the pressure in the low-pressure chamber to a greater extent than is immediately compensated for by the advance of the high-pressure head 98, withthe result that the valve 4 again closes and thus continues to crack and close until the pressure in the high-pressure chamber is high enough to create sufficient force on the head of the plunger
  • the forward movement of the high-pressure head 98 may immediately build up sufficient increase in pressure in the high-pressure chamber to compensate for the lowering of pressure in the lowpressure chamber due to the cracking of the valve
  • the object of the invention is accomplished in that the resistance to the-advance of the low-pressure head of the piston is gradually dissipated as the resistance to the advance of the high-pressure head increases and at no time is there any abrupt change in the total resistance offered by the piston to the advancing movement of the foot pedal.
  • the operator thus has full and complete control of the brakes at all times.
  • the piston Due to friction on the column of fluid in the cylinder 40 and the conduits connecting the cylinder 40 to the cylinders 64, and to the tension of the spring
  • the range over which the transition of the pressure occurs may be determined entirely by the area of the head of the plunger H0, the range being greater when the area of the plunger head is small, and, ⁇ oi? course, decreasing as the area of the plunger head increases.
  • a iiuid pressure mechanism of the class described comprising a compound cylinder providing large and small bores, a supply reservoir communicating with said cylinder, a piston having a head in each bore, means for operating said piston to create fluid pressures in said bores, a passage through the larger head, said passage leading to said reservoir, valve means for said passage, said valve means having a separate area exposed to the iiuid pressure in each bore,
  • a fluid pressure mechanism of the class described comprising a compound cylinder providing large and small bores, a supply reservoir communicating with said cylinder, a piston having a head in each bore, means for operating said piston to create fluid pressures in said bores, a passage through the larger head, said passage leading to said reservoir, poppet valve means for said passage, said valve means having a separate area exposed to the fluid pressure in each bore, the forces exerted on said areas acting on said valve means in the, same direction to open said valve and thereby gradually relieve the pressure in said larger bore, independent valve and passage.
  • a iiuid pressure mechanism of the class described comprising a compound cylinder providing large and small bores, a supply reservoir communicatingwithsaid cylinder, a piston'having ahead in each bore, means for operating said piston to create fluid ⁇ pressures in said bores, a passage through the larger head, said passage leading to said reservoir, valve means for'said passage, said valve means having a separate area exposed to the flui'dpressure in each bore, said areas beingof diierent sizes, the forces'exerted on said areas acting lon said valve means in the same direction to open said valve-,and thereby gradually .relieve the pressure in said larger bore, independent valve and passage means movable tween aid bores, means forreplenishing 7said with tle smaller head for controlling flow becylinde from said reservoir, and a spring for urging said rst-named valve means to closed inder comprising large and small bores, a supply reservoir communicating with said cylinder, a
  • a plunger including a valve and an area exposed to the fluid pressure in ⁇ each bore, the area exposed to the fluid pressure in the larger bore being larger ⁇ than the area exposed to the fluid pressure in the smaller bore, the forces exerted on said areas acting in the same direction to open said valve and thereby reduce the pressure existing in the larger bore, means for reiilling said cylinder from said reservoir, and a spring for urging said valve to closed position.
  • a iiuid pressure mechanism of the class described comprising a compound cylinder providing large and small bores, a supply reservoir communicating with said cylinder, a piston having a head in each bore, means for operating said piston to create iluid pressures in said bores. a passage through the larger head, said passage leading to said reservoir, valve means for said passage, said valve means having a separate area exposed to the iluid pressure in each bore, the
  • a huid-pressure device comprising a reservoir, a cylinder having bores of different diameters, a' piston having two heads of dilierent diameters for creating uid pressures in said bores, a sleeve connecting the heads, a plunger movable in' said sleeve, said plunger being exposed to and urged in the same direction by fluid pressure in both of said bores, a passage through said piston head connecting the larger bore with said reservoir, a valve movable with said plunger to open and close said passage, and thereby control the pressure developed in said larger' bore, and means whereby said cylinder is refilled from said reservoir.
  • a duid-pressure device comprising a reservoir, a cylinder providing bores of different diameters, a piston including ashell providing a chamber, a piston head, a passage through said head communicating with the chamber, means connecting said chamber with said reservoir, a second head, said heads adapted to create fluid pressure in said bores, a sleeve connecting said heads, a plunger movable in the sleeve, a valve movableV with the plunger for opening and closing said passage to control the pressure developed in said larger bore, said valve being urged toward open position by the fluid pressure existing in both of said bores, and a spring in the chamber urging the valve to its seat.
  • a fluid-pressure device comprising a reservoir, a two-diameter cylinder providing a pair of bores, a piston including a shell providing a chamber, a head on said shell, a. passage through said head communicating with the chamber,
  • vmeans-connecting said chamber with said reservoir a second head, said head movable to create fluid pressurein said bores, n. sleeve connecting said heads, a plunger movable in the sleeve and acted upon in the same direction'by the pressures in said bores, a valve movable with the plunger for opening and closing said passage to control the pressure created in said larger bore, a spider in the shell, a spring interposed between the spider and the valve, and means for replenishing said cylinder from said reservoir.
  • a fluid-pressure device comprising a reservoir, a two-diameter cylinder providing a pair of bores, a piston including a cylindrical member having an axial bore, heads formed upon the ends of said cylindrical member, said heads adapted to create fluid pressures in said firstnamed bores and having openings registering with said axial bore, a skirt formed integral with one of the heads and providing a chamber, a plunger movable in said axial bore, a passage providing communication between the chamber and one of the bores, a valve movable with the plunger to open and close said passage and control the pressure in said last-mentioned bore,
  • said plunger acted upon in the same direction by the pressures in both of said first-mentioned bores, a spider secured in the chamber and permitting communication between said chamber and said reservoir, a spring interposed between the spider and the valve, a pressure block sup ported by the spider, and means for relling said cylinder from said reservoir.
  • a fluid pressure device comprising a cylinder having a double diametral bore providing two chambers, a piston reciprocable therein having spaced heads fitted in the respective chambers, and a bore extending through the respective heads, a skirt on one of the heads providing a housing, a plunger movable in said last-named bore, said plunger having a surface exposed to the fluid pressure in each chamber and being urged in the same direction by the action of the fluid pressures on both of said surfaces, a fluid reservoir, a passage connecting said reservoir with the larger of said chambers, a valve in said passage carried by said plunger, said valve controlling the release of pressure from said larger chamber, a member secured in said housing, a spring interposed between the member and valve, means for replenishing said cylinder from said reservoir, a second passage connecting said chambers, and a second valve independent of said first-mentioned valve for controlling said second passage.
  • a fluid pressure device comprising a reservoir, a cylinder supplied therefromhaving a double diametral bore -providing a low pressure chamber and a high pressure chamber, expansible elements connected to the high pressure chamber, brake elements actuated by the expansible elements, a valve controlling movement of fluid from the expansible elements to the high pressure chamber, a piston reciprocable in the cylinder having spaced heads tted in the respective chambers and an axial bore extending through the heads, the smaller head having openings providing communications between the low and high pressure chambers, a collapsible cup on the smaller head controlling the opening, a kirt on the larger head providing a housing opening into the reservoir, the larger head having a plurality of openings providing communications between the low pressure chamber and the housing, a collapsible cup on the larger head controlling the openings therein, a plunger movable in the bore, said plunger having a surface exposed to the fluid pressure in each chamber, said plunger being urged in the same direction by the action of the fluid pressures
  • a fluid system for transmitting power between a foot pedal or like element and a brake cylinder and acting 'in several phases with different predetermined ratios of transmission comprising a piston unit having a large piston and a small piston, means operated by the foot pedal for actuating the piston unit, a cylinder for each of said pistons, duct means between the small cylinder and the brake cylinder, a communication between the two cylinders, a valve in said communication opening towards the small cylinder, a fluid reservoir, a communication between the large cylinder and the fluid reservoir, a second valve in said communication, said second valve opening under pressure in the large cylinder, resilient return means for said second valve, and an element subjected to the pressure in the small cylinder and acting when moved under such pressure to open said second valve, said first valve, second valve and element being carried by the piston unit.
  • a fluid pressure device comprising a cylinder having a large chamber and a small chamber, a piston reciprocable in the chambers.
  • a fluid pressure device comprising a compression cylinder having a largechamber and a small chamber, a piston unit sealing with both of said chambers, bypass valve means permitting flow of fluid from the larger to the. smaller cham-v ber, a discharge outlet for the smaller chamber, said piston unit providing a passageway connecting that part of the larger chamber in front of the piston unit with that part of the larger chamber in rear thereof, said piston unit comprising spring-pressed valve means normally closing said passageway, and means for advancing said piston unit in said chambers to create fluid pressures therein, said last-named valve means having a part acted upon by fluid pressure in the small chamber and another part of larger area than the first part acted upon by fluid pressure in the large chamber whereby said valve means opens in response to the sum of the forces, as distinguished from the difference between the forces, exerted on said parts by the fluid pressures in the large and small chambers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Transmission Of Braking Force In Braking Systems (AREA)
US689715A 1933-09-16 1933-09-16 Hydraulic brake system Expired - Lifetime US2196190A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US689715A US2196190A (en) 1933-09-16 1933-09-16 Hydraulic brake system
FR777206D FR777206A (fr) 1933-09-16 1934-08-16 Perfectionnements aux freins hydrauliques
BE404809A BE404809A (fr) 1933-09-16 1934-08-20 Perfectionnements aux freins hydrauliques
GB24104/34A GB443154A (en) 1933-09-16 1934-08-21 Improvements in hydraulic brake and other power transmission systems
DEH141055A DE639483C (de) 1933-09-16 1934-08-28 Hauptdruckzylinder fuer eine Kraftfahrzeugbremse mit einem zweistufigen Kolben
US121766A US2185072A (en) 1933-09-16 1937-01-22 Fluid pressure producing device
GB1972/38A GB502056A (en) 1933-09-16 1938-01-20 Improvements in or relating to hydraulic brake and other power transmission systems
FR49099D FR49099E (fr) 1933-09-16 1938-01-21 Perfectionnements aux freins hydrauliques
DE1938H0154427 DE703322C (de) 1933-09-16 1938-01-21 Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Fluessigkeitsdruckes, insbesondere fuer die Bremsen von Kraftfahrzeugen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US689715A US2196190A (en) 1933-09-16 1933-09-16 Hydraulic brake system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2196190A true US2196190A (en) 1940-04-09

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ID=96586413

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US689715A Expired - Lifetime US2196190A (en) 1933-09-16 1933-09-16 Hydraulic brake system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2196190A (fr)
BE (1) BE404809A (fr)
DE (1) DE639483C (fr)
FR (1) FR777206A (fr)
GB (2) GB443154A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508403A (en) * 1943-12-11 1950-05-23 Ind Man Corp Compound master cylinder
US3171257A (en) * 1962-01-12 1965-03-02 Glenn T Randol Compound master cylinder for hydraulic brake systems
US4024712A (en) * 1974-11-15 1977-05-24 Nisshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluid pressure control device with a fluid failure alarm for a vehicle brake system
US6698202B2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2004-03-02 Tokico Ltd. Master cylinder
CN108750293A (zh) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-06 邹红梅 一种医学影像胶片存放装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE753835C (de) * 1939-05-10 1952-10-13 Teves Kg Alfred Zweistufiger Fluessigkeitsdruckerzeuger
DE858201C (de) * 1949-06-18 1952-12-04 Teves Gmbh Alfred Stufenhauptzylinder, insbesondere fuer hydraulische Bremsen, mit selbsttaetiger Aufladung eines Druckspeichers
DE1132015B (de) * 1958-02-26 1962-06-20 Renault Einrichtung zum Verhindern des Blockierens der Raeder eines mit hydraulisch zu betaetigenden Reibungsbremsen ausgestatteten Fahrzeuges, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeuges, und Hauptzylinder fuer diese Anlage
US4559781A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-12-24 Allied Corporation Master cylinder

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508403A (en) * 1943-12-11 1950-05-23 Ind Man Corp Compound master cylinder
US3171257A (en) * 1962-01-12 1965-03-02 Glenn T Randol Compound master cylinder for hydraulic brake systems
US4024712A (en) * 1974-11-15 1977-05-24 Nisshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluid pressure control device with a fluid failure alarm for a vehicle brake system
US6698202B2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2004-03-02 Tokico Ltd. Master cylinder
USRE40573E1 (en) * 2001-02-26 2008-11-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Hitachi Seisakusho Master cylinder
CN108750293A (zh) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-06 邹红梅 一种医学影像胶片存放装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB502056A (en) 1939-03-10
DE639483C (de) 1936-12-12
BE404809A (fr) 1934-09-29
GB443154A (en) 1936-02-21
FR777206A (fr) 1935-02-13

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