US2199865A - Production of plates for printing in lithographic manner - Google Patents

Production of plates for printing in lithographic manner Download PDF

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Publication number
US2199865A
US2199865A US148983A US14898337A US2199865A US 2199865 A US2199865 A US 2199865A US 148983 A US148983 A US 148983A US 14898337 A US14898337 A US 14898337A US 2199865 A US2199865 A US 2199865A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
plate
coating
printing
plates
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US148983A
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English (en)
Inventor
William H Wood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harris Corp
Original Assignee
Harris Seybold Potter Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harris Seybold Potter Co filed Critical Harris Seybold Potter Co
Priority to US148983A priority Critical patent/US2199865A/en
Priority to FR825705D priority patent/FR825705A/fr
Priority to GB23452/37A priority patent/GB501069A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2199865A publication Critical patent/US2199865A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/04—Chromates

Definitions

  • the present invention which relates as indicated to the production of plates for printing in the lithographic manner, involves in the first place the use of a new and improved coating material for such plates,
  • the inventiomalso has in view improvements in various of the other materials and successive steps required to prepare a plate thus coated for printing and to maintain it in proper condition for printing.
  • Certain of these other materials and improved steps are new in the art, their use being rendered possible by reason of the employment of such improved coating material, while others are adaptable for use both with such improved coating and other coatings at present in use.
  • the plate In common methods of preparing plates for lithographic printing, the plate, usually of zinc or aluminum, is coated with a water solution of a1- lbumi'n which has previously been made sensitive ito the action of light by the addition of a sensitizing agent such as ammonium chromate or dichromate. After the plate has been coated and allowed to dry, it is exposed to light in the form of an image of the subject which is to be printed. The light hardens the albumin coating to the solvent action of water, thus forming a reproduction of the subject in hardened albumin and leaving the remaining portions of the albumin coating relatively unhardened. A suitable developing ink is applied to the coating and then the unhardened areas are removed by dissolving them away with water. After application of an etching solution to clean the non-image portions of the ;plate and render them receptive to water, the plate is' in condition for printing.
  • a sensitizing agent such as ammonium chromate or dichromate
  • one object of the present invention is to provide an improved material for use in coating lithographic plates, one which will reduce, if not entirely obviate, the difiiculties just noted as inherent in the familiar albumin coating.
  • a further object is to provide new and improved steps in the treatment of lithographic plates, particularly where coated with my new and improved material, whereby not only is a plate obtained having superior printing qualities,
  • the present improved process involves the steps of coating the plate, preferably of metal or having a metallic surface, with a suitably sensitized colloidal material comprising halogenated polyvinyl alcohol or a reaction product thereof or a mixture of either of these with a water, alcohol, or alkali soluble protein material; sensitizing the coating material, either before or after coating, to the action of light, printing thereon an image by means of light; and subsequently rendering the image portions of the plate ink-receptive and the non-image portions water receptive or ink repellent.
  • the steps subsequent to the coating of the plate may be carried out by the use of'materials and methods commonly used in the preparation of plates light-printed image of a developing ink containing as essential ingredients aryl-aliphatic ketones and fatty acid amides or amines; the development of the image by means of an aqueous solution of glucono-delta-lactone or gluconic acid; and the subjection of the developed image to a heat treatment which resinifies the image material making it water, acid and alkali proof and bonding it to the metal base.
  • This heat treating step also increases the ink receptiveness of the image to a remarkable degree.
  • Vinyl alcohol or ethenol occurs in commercial ether, but has not yet been isolated (B. 22, 2863).
  • polyvinyl alcohol is now commercially available and I have found that the product obtained by reacting on such polyvinyl alcohol with a halogen, preferably chlorine, (bro- 'mine or iodine also yield a satisfactory product),
  • halogenated polyvinyl alcohol may be deposited as a uniform coating.
  • polyvinyl alcohol is not definitely known, but may be represented as So far as I am aware, it has not been definitely established whether the halogen is added at the ends of the chain or whether it replaces one or more of the side-attached hydrogen atoms.
  • polyvinyl alcohol comes in the form of a white dry powder, but the viscosity in a given water solution, e. g., a 3% solution, varies, corresponding with what is termed a low, medium and high viscosity product. Presumably the difference in viscosity is attributable to differences in the degree of polymerization of the alcohol.
  • My improved halogenated derivative may be made from the polymerized alcohol, irrespective of the degree of polymerization.
  • Both the chlorinated and brominated derivative in dry I form is a fine white granular powder readily dissolving in water degrees C. to give a white iridescent solution, dissolving more slowly at lower temperatures.
  • such alcohol is preferably dissolved in a water solution containing the halogen corresponding to that used in halogenating the alcohol or its derivative or in a solution of the halogen hypo-acid corresponding to the halogen used in halogenation.
  • a water solution containing the halogen corresponding to that used in halogenating the alcohol or its derivative or in a solution of the halogen hypo-acid corresponding to the halogen used in halogenation for example, in the case of the chlorinated polyvinyl alcohol, this may be dissolved in a water solution of hypochlorous acid.
  • the resultant coating when such solution is applied to the plate is not only immediately more resistant, but such coating becomes tougher upon exposure to light and also may be more readily hardened by heating as hereinafter described.
  • a water soluble surface tension depressant the Purpose of which is to enable the colloidal solution to flow into surface irregularities of the plate and form a continuous surface-contacting coating
  • Suitable materials for this purpose are propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, or a sulphated higher alcohol or sulphonated oil of the type commercially available as Erkalin. While excellent results may be obtained under certain conditions without the use of a surface tension depressant, the addition of such material constitutes an important improvement in the process.
  • the sensitizers common to the art such as ammonium chromate or dichromate may be used.
  • the reaction product of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and chromic acid or ethylene diamine and chromic acid or a soluble dichromate may be used.
  • Such organic sensitizing agents are advantageous in that they show less tendency to crystallize and hence produce a more uniform sensitized coating.
  • Chromic acid alone can also be used as a sensitizer and under certain conditions it is the preferred one. It is a fact known to the art that chromic acid cannot be used as a sensitizing agent with albumin, gum arabic or glue which substances are those commonly used in known methods of preparing lithographic plates.
  • the manner in which the sensitizing agent is applied to the coating material may be varied. It may consist in the addition of the sensltizer to the colloidal material forming the coating prior to the coating process or it may consist in bathing the coated plate in a solution, for example, an alcohol solution, of the sensitizing agent.
  • a solution for example, an alcohol solution
  • the plate After the plate has been coated with the sensitized colloidal material or has been coated and subsequently sensitized, it may be exposed to the action of light in the usual way to harden the image portions of the coating to the solvent action of water or other developing agent.
  • Important differences are, however, apparent as compared to plates coated with albumin; namely, the plate is much more sensitive to the light of the usual sourcesof illumination, such as carbon arcs and consequently a very much shorter exposure time is required.
  • the plate is sensitive to a wider range of wave lengths of light with the result that variations in the color of the light source due to sputtering or variation in the length of arcs have much less effect on the plate.
  • While common developing inks can be used in carrying out the process in its broad aspects it or a fatty acid amide or amine such as stearyl amide or amine or both. This is a radical departure from the previous art and constitutes one feature of this invention.
  • the particular advantages resulting from the use of this type of developing ink are: (1) The ink has great penetrating power for halogenated polyvinyl alcohol coating thereby incorporating itself throughout the thickness of the coating so thoroughly as to be removed only with great difliculty. (2) The coating is made highly ink attracting with the result that a relatively large quantity of ink can be carried by and removed from the plate during printing. (3) The coating is rendered more water proof and acid proof.
  • warm water For dissolving off the unexposed portions of the coating, warm water may be used as is the common practice with albumin plates, but the use of warm water in connection with the process herein described has the objection that not all the unexposed material is removed unless development is very prolonged.
  • an aqueous solution of gluconic acid or glu-' cono-delta-lactone This may be a -50% solution by weight of either the acid or the lactone in water. Either of these solutions possesses high solvent power for the dry unhardened colloid used as a coating.
  • This use of a moderately weak organic acid for developing purposes is a new and improved step in the art and constitutes a further feature of this invention. Solutions for such use in the known procedures for making lithographic plates are either alkaline solutions or solutions of strong mineral acids.
  • acrylic acid or certain alkylated derivatives thereof such as alpha-methyl-acrylic acid or their salts polymerized in such a way as to be water soluble, by which term is also connoted such a compound in water-dispersible form, all provide an excellent agent or medium to be applied to the non-printing portions of such lithographic plates, making such portions water attracting and highly ink repelling.
  • An agent or medium having the composition just described is equally effective and desirable for application to the plate prior to the printing operation and as a dampening fluid to be fed to or applied to the plate during the printing operation. Where used as a dampening fluid, the agent in the form of a solution or dispersion may be fed to the plate in any known manner.
  • concentration of the polymer or its salts is not critical, but concentrations of from 1 to 10 per cent. are ordinarily suflicient.
  • concentrations of from 1 to 10 per cent. are ordinarily suflicient.
  • the plate to light in desired areas to obtain an sensitized by a chromium compound, exposing image, developing the image contrast, and subsequently heating the plate.
  • a plate having a surface evaporation-deposited from a water solution of a halogenated polyvinyl alcohol containing additional halogen the same as that of the halogenated polyvinyl alcohol is a plate having a surface evaporation-deposited from a water solution of a halogenated polyvinyl alcohol containing additional halogen the same as that of the halogenated polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a plate having a surface evaporation-deposited from a water solution of a halogenated polyvinyl alcohol and light sensitized by chromic acid As a new product, a plate having a surface evaporation-deposited from a water solution of a halogenated polyvinyl alcohol and light sensitized by chromic acid.
  • a plate having a surface of halogenated polyvinyl alcohol with areas changed by exposure to light and an aryl-alkyl ketone developing ink As a new product, a plate having a surface of halogenated polyvinyl alcohol with areas changed by exposure to light and an aryl-alkyl ketone developing ink.
  • a plate having a surface of halogenated polyvinyl alcohol with areas changed by exposure to light and a higher fatty acid amide As a new product, a plate having a surface of halogenated polyvinyl alcohol with areas changed by exposure to light and a higher fatty acid amide.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
US148983A 1937-06-18 1937-06-18 Production of plates for printing in lithographic manner Expired - Lifetime US2199865A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US148983A US2199865A (en) 1937-06-18 1937-06-18 Production of plates for printing in lithographic manner
FR825705D FR825705A (fr) 1937-06-18 1937-08-17 Fabrication de plaques destinées à l'impression par le procédé lithographique
GB23452/37A GB501069A (en) 1937-06-18 1937-08-26 An improved process for the preparation of lithographic plates for printing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US148983A US2199865A (en) 1937-06-18 1937-06-18 Production of plates for printing in lithographic manner

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2199865A true US2199865A (en) 1940-05-07

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Family Applications (1)

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US148983A Expired - Lifetime US2199865A (en) 1937-06-18 1937-06-18 Production of plates for printing in lithographic manner

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2199865A (fr)
FR (1) FR825705A (fr)
GB (1) GB501069A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2692826A (en) * 1949-10-10 1954-10-26 Azoplate Corp Lithographic plates
US3102030A (en) * 1959-03-23 1963-08-27 Hoerner Hans Light sensitized polyamide body and method of making the same
US3660091A (en) * 1970-04-13 1972-05-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Passivation of dichromated gelatin holograms to high relative humidity ambients
US3765894A (en) * 1967-04-03 1973-10-16 Polychrome Corp Elevated image printing plate

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01233443A (ja) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-19 Fujitsu Ltd パターン形成方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2692826A (en) * 1949-10-10 1954-10-26 Azoplate Corp Lithographic plates
US3102030A (en) * 1959-03-23 1963-08-27 Hoerner Hans Light sensitized polyamide body and method of making the same
US3765894A (en) * 1967-04-03 1973-10-16 Polychrome Corp Elevated image printing plate
US3660091A (en) * 1970-04-13 1972-05-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Passivation of dichromated gelatin holograms to high relative humidity ambients

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB501069A (en) 1939-02-21
FR825705A (fr) 1938-03-11

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