US2200846A - Process for the production of anode material for electrothermically modulable radiators - Google Patents

Process for the production of anode material for electrothermically modulable radiators Download PDF

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Publication number
US2200846A
US2200846A US157316A US15731637A US2200846A US 2200846 A US2200846 A US 2200846A US 157316 A US157316 A US 157316A US 15731637 A US15731637 A US 15731637A US 2200846 A US2200846 A US 2200846A
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Prior art keywords
modulable
carbon
cellular
radiators
electrothermically
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Expired - Lifetime
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US157316A
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English (en)
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Lattmann Max Eugen
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/16—Incandescent screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0013—Sealed electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
    • Y10T29/301—Method

Definitions

  • PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANODE MATERIAL FOR ELECTROTHERMICALLY MODULABLE RADIATORS Filed Aug. 4, 1957 fig? INVENTOR 446.
  • the present invention relates to a process for thermically modulable radiators, such as are used, for example, in producing a modulated beam of light, as in light-telephony, by the bombardment of an anode by electrons.
  • an anodematerial fulfilling the above-mentioned requirement is produced by carbonizing a vegetable or animal organism; a raw material possessing extraordinarily thin cellular walls being chosen in order to obtain a small heat capacity of the carbon structure.
  • a raw material possessing extraordinarily thin cellular walls being chosen in order to obtain a small heat capacity of the carbon structure.
  • it is suitable to remove by boiling in different solvents first the soluble components of the organic cell-structure, sothat only the insoluble components are transformed into carbon
  • the material now is annealed at high temperatures, e. g., in an oxidizing atmosphere (CO2, Hzo-vapor) or in pure hydrogen. During this latter process the carbon is slowly carried off, and the thickness of p the cellular walls, and thus also the heat capacity 'ofthe cell-structure, therefore is reduced.
  • a metallic structure now, however, also may be-pro'duced.
  • this may be accomplished by annealing in a vacuum in the presence of a metal oxide volatile at high temperatures (e. g., tungsten oxides, tantalum-oxides).
  • a metal oxide volatile at high temperatures e. g., tungsten oxides, tantalum-oxides.
  • the metal oxide is reduced to metal by the carbon of the cell-structure.
  • the original cell-structure remains wholly intact after the said reduction. Carbon residuals which might have remained may be easily removed by annealing in pure hydrogen.
  • A' further possibility of producing a metal structure from the thin-walled carbon skeleton presents itself by annealing the latter in an atmosphere containing the metal in a gaseous form.
  • the carbon skeleton e. g., may be heated to a a current of hydrogen the carbon may be eliminated so that the metal structure remains.
  • the metal structure may be transformed, by annealing in an atmosphere containing carbon, into a structure con- 5 sisting of the corresponding carbide with a high point of fusion.
  • the metal structure produced according to the present invention possesses the advantage of a 10 higher point of evaporation, increasing thereby the operating temperature 01' the radiator by several hundred degrees Centigrade.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of the anode materia onan enlarged scale, prepared in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a suitable arrangement for carrying out the first stage of the process; while Fig. 3 shows the arrangement for performing the second or metallizing stage of the process.
  • the metallized prod- 25 not obtained in accordance with the invention is cellular in structure and in fact follows the cellular structure of the original carbonaceous vegetable or animal material.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show schematically an organiza- 30 tion of parts forcarrying out the initial and final stages of the process, that is, the carbonization of the cellular material and reduction of the cell wall thickness.
  • the heating is efi'ectedin a cylinder 2 in which the cellular material is 5 positioned on a support 3.
  • a hydrogen flask 5 is connected with the cylinder 2 while a heating device, such as a Bunsen burner 4 is positioned to heat the material to be carbonized.
  • the hydrogen escaping through the discharge neck 8 can 40 be'burned, as illustrated.
  • the heating in the cylinder 2 is continued until the material is car-- bonized and thereupon hydrogen is admitted until the desired reduction in the Lhickness of the cell walls is attained.
  • The'cellular material can, 45 of course, be carbonized before being introduced into the cylinder 2.
  • the metallization of the carbonized structure of reduced cell wall thickness may be eilected with the aid of an electric heating coil 6 positioned about the cylinder 2 and acting to heat a suitable volatile metal salt in the pan 1.
  • an electric heating coil 6 positioned about the cylinder 2 and acting to heat a suitable volatile metal salt in the pan 1.
  • the carbon structure is converted into one whose walls now contain also the metal in question by reason of the action of the vaporized salt on the cellular residue.
  • the carbon structure is heated still higher by the burner 4 and the pure metal separates out upon it or there is formed the metal carbide directly.
  • the carbon can be driven off, so that a cellular structure composed substantially entirely of metal remains.
  • a process for producing an anode material suitable for electrothermically modulable radiators heated by a controlled bombardment of electrons comprising carbonizing an organic material of cellular structure having thin cell walls, depositing a high melting point metal on the resulting cellular carbon skeleton, and removing the carbon skeleton residue by heating in a carbon-absorbing current of gas.
  • a process for producing an anode material suitable for electrothermically modulable radi ators which comprises removing soluble components from an organic cellular material, carbonizing the residual cellular structure, heating the same in a vapor capable of depositing a high melting point metal upon the carbon skeleton and heating the metallized cellular structure in an atmosphere capable of removing the carbon residue.
  • a process for producing an anode material suitable for electrothermically modulable radiators which comprises removing soluble components from an organic cellular material, carbonizing the residual cellular structure, heating the same in a vapor capable of depositing a high melting point metal upon the carbon skeleton and heating the metallized cellular structure in a hydrogen atmosphere to remove the carbon residue.

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US157316A 1937-04-20 1937-08-04 Process for the production of anode material for electrothermically modulable radiators Expired - Lifetime US2200846A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2200846X 1937-04-20

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US2200846A true US2200846A (en) 1940-05-14

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US157316A Expired - Lifetime US2200846A (en) 1937-04-20 1937-08-04 Process for the production of anode material for electrothermically modulable radiators

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CH (1) CH202093A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431113A (en) * 1946-07-23 1947-11-18 Rauland Corp Ion filter
US2447980A (en) * 1945-01-29 1948-08-24 Mallory & Co Inc P R Method of making porous bearing surfaces
US3157531A (en) * 1960-01-21 1964-11-17 Ethyl Corp Process for the manufacture of carbonaceous solid bodies
US3252824A (en) * 1961-08-28 1966-05-24 Ethyl Corp Carbonaceous solid bodies and processes for their manufacture

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447980A (en) * 1945-01-29 1948-08-24 Mallory & Co Inc P R Method of making porous bearing surfaces
US2431113A (en) * 1946-07-23 1947-11-18 Rauland Corp Ion filter
US3157531A (en) * 1960-01-21 1964-11-17 Ethyl Corp Process for the manufacture of carbonaceous solid bodies
US3252824A (en) * 1961-08-28 1966-05-24 Ethyl Corp Carbonaceous solid bodies and processes for their manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH202093A (de) 1938-12-31

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