US2204604A - Method of forming designs in polarizing material - Google Patents

Method of forming designs in polarizing material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2204604A
US2204604A US276232A US27623239A US2204604A US 2204604 A US2204604 A US 2204604A US 276232 A US276232 A US 276232A US 27623239 A US27623239 A US 27623239A US 2204604 A US2204604 A US 2204604A
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United States
Prior art keywords
polarizing
resist
light
image
action
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Expired - Lifetime
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US276232A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edwin H Land
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Polaroid Corp
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Polaroid Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US276232A priority Critical patent/US2204604A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2204604A publication Critical patent/US2204604A/en
Priority to BE461781A priority patent/BE461781A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C9/00—Stereo-photographic or similar processes
    • G03C9/04—Vectographic-image

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new and improved process for making images in light-polarizing surfaces or films, the photographic contrast of the image being a function of the direction of vibration of polarized light traversing the surface or film.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a process for the production of an image or design in light-polarizing material which comprises treating a surface or film which shows substantially uniform light-polarizing properties so as to alter or destroy the polarizing properties of predetermined areas of said surface or film to produce therein an image or design of the type described.
  • Other objects of the invention are to provide such a process wherein the polarizing properties of the surfaceor lm are altered or destroyed by subjecting the surface to a vapor; to provide means for protecting predetermined portions of the surface, in whole or in part, from the action of the destructive media; to provide light-polarizing surfaces or films which are quickly responsive to the destructive action of the vapor employed; and to provide a process of the character described admirably adapted for the reproduction of photographic images in light-polarizing media.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each ofthe others thereof which will be exemplified in the process hereinafter disclosed, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.l
  • Fig. l is a diagrammatic view in section of a product adapted -to be employed in the process of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view of the product of Fig. 1 after the first step of the process of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a similar view of the product of Fig. 2 after. the next succeeding step of the process;
  • Fig. 4. is a similar view of the -product after the next succeeding step.
  • Fig. 5 is a similar view of the product of Fig. 1 after the completion of the process
  • Thevpresent invention contemplates theprovision ot an improved process for the production of images, and more specificallyphotographic reproductions and the like, in light-polarizing surfaces and films.
  • the images so produced show photographic contrast which is a function of the direction of vibration of polarized light traversing the image.
  • the photographic contrast of' the image is a minimum.
  • a beam ot' polarized light vibrating perpendicular to the polarizing axis oi the surface in which the image is formed traverses the image, the photographic contrast of the image is a maximum.
  • a light-polarizing film or surface i2 on a suitable support, for example on a transparent supporting vsheet or film such as a glass plate or sheet of transparent plastic M.
  • a layer i6 of a photosensitive material such for example as photosensitive gelatine emulsion of the type commonly employed in connection with wash-off relief fihn.
  • the polarizing layer l2 may comprise oriented light-polarizing crystals, such for example as crystals of herapathite, Mor it may comprise a suspension of minute, optically oriented lightpolarizing particles in atransparent suspending medium, or it may comprise any other suitable means for providing a 'light-polarizing surface. Under certain conditions, as for example where the polarizing layer is of sufficient thickness to be self-supporting, the supporting plate or sheet I4 may be dispensed with.
  • the photosensitive layer is exposed, preferably'through the light-polarizing layer I2, and the transparent support.- if any, I4, as shown for example in Fig. 2, wherein the arrows 20 are in'- dicative ⁇ of the direction of -propagation of light incident upon the photosensitive layer I6.
  • the composite sheet is then treated with the usual developer to develop the photosensitive gelatine emulsion, for example. ⁇ If the sheet has been exposed with a photographic negative or positive positioned closely adjacent the uncoated surface of the support I4, the developed areas Il' of the photosensitive emulsion Iwill comprise a reproduction of the design or image of the negative or positive. 1'
  • the developer is'then removed in the usual way, as by washing in coldvwater, and the developed gelatine emulsion is thenv tanned in the usual way and washed, for example in warm water,'so thatV the untanned gelatine is removed.
  • the resist or relief is then washed to insure the removal of all material used in tanning the gelatine. It is not desirable, in connection with the practice -of the present invention, that the tanned gelatine be subjected to an acid fixing bath.
  • Fig. 3 The product shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 may then be subjected tol the action of Yvapors -or other destructive media which alter or destroy the polarizing properties of so much of the layer i2 as is not protected by the relief or resist I8.
  • the vapors or other destructive media attack the polarizing layer ⁇ lfrom the direction of the surface thereof, which is covered in part at least by the resist.
  • the unshaded areas 22 are intended to indicate areas the polarizing properties of which have been altered or destroyed by the action of the destructive vapors, while the shaded areas 24 are intended to represent areas the polarizing properties of which have remained unaffected because of the protection offered by the resist I8.
  • a suitable light-polarizing material for use in the present invention may comprise a thin film of a highly concentrated suspension of minute, needie-shaped, herapathite-like polarizing particles in a suitable suspendingv medium, for example a film of incomplete polymerized polyvinyl acetal resin.
  • a suitable suspendingv medium for example a film of incomplete polymerized polyvinyl acetal resin.
  • the other suspending media may be employed with light-polarizing lrns or layers of the tyne
  • suitable developing vapors for use in the practice of the present invention where the polarizing layer comprises herapathitelike crystals, the vapors rising from a mixture oi a solution yof 6 grams of sodium bisulphite dissolved in 40.
  • c. c. of water to which is added 20A c. c. of Solox, mixed with 35 c; c. of isopropyl alcohol and 5 c. c. of concentrated acetic acid glacial.
  • the vapors rising from such a solution comprise a mixture of alcohol and SO2 vapors. These are allowed to act on the surface of the light-polarizing flim, which is protected by the resist or relief, and within a short time, for example from four to five minutes, the polarizing properties of -the portions of the polarizing surface exposed to the vapors have been so altered or destroyed as to form lin the polarizing surface an image corresponding to that formed by the resist, the photographic contrast of ⁇ which is a. function of the direction of vibration of polarized light traversing the polarizing surface.
  • acetic acid,-the polarizing image shows red when viewed through an analyzer in the extinction position.
  • the gela'- tine relief or resistvis removed by washing in warm water until it is softened, and then by mechanical removal.
  • the resulting product is shown diagrammatically inFig. 5 as comprising a support I4 having thereon a layer l2 comprising areas having diiieringpolarizing properties, which said areas in the aggregate form an image in polarized light.
  • a suitable bleach may comprise a solution of 5 c. c. of ammonia and 5 c. 'c. of ethyl alcohol in 300 c. c. of water.
  • the image maybe immersed in this bleach, which may be used as a bath.
  • the print is then dried and is ready for use.
  • any suitable photo" sensitive material may be employed in the practice of the present invention in forming directly on the surface of the polarizing layer a protective relief. or resist.
  • the photosensitive gelatine emulsion which has been described isl a preferred form of material.
  • the protective resist or relief may be formed directly upon the polarizing layer 'by covering the layer with a substance such for example as parailin, which may act to Vprotect the polarizing lm from the destructive vapors.
  • the resist may under these circumstances be formed as a design by removing portions of the parain, ⁇ as for example by pressing thereagainst a half-tone plate or the like.
  • the relief or rist may be formed away from the polarizing .layer and then transferred to the layer.
  • a photosensitive gelatine emulsion a. suitable resist may be employed which is formed in the'following manner: A layer of photosensitive gelatine emulsion on a suitable backing may be exposed from the unbacked face of thegelatine layer. It may be developed in the usual manner. The developer may kbe washed out, as with cold water. The gelatine may be then/tanned, preferably, however, without using any sulphuric acid. The tanned. gelatine with itsA backingmuthenbewhilewettothe Unckr.
  • a method comprising providing a resist, corf responding to an image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material and subjecting the said surface to the action of a medium which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions that the resist protects predetermined portions only of said surface from the action of the medium.
  • a method comprising providing a resist, corresponding to an image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material and subjecting the said surface to the action of a Vapor which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions that the resist protects predetermined portions only of said surface from the action of the vapor.
  • a method comprising providing a resist, corresponding to an image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material and subjecting the said surface to the action of a vapor consisting of a mixture of alcohol and sulphur dioxide which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions that the resist protects 'predetermined portions only of said surface from the action of the vapor.
  • a method comprising providing a resist formed from photosensitive material and corresponding to an image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of iight-polarizing ⁇ material and subjecting the said surface to the action of a medium which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions thatthe resist protects predetermined portions only lof said surface from the action of the medium.
  • a method comprising providing a resist, formed from a photosensitive gelatine emulsion and corresponding to an image to be reproduced,
  • a method comprising Aforming a resist, correspondingA to an image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material by exposing and developing. while adjacent said surface, predetermined portions of. a layer of photosensitive material, and subjecting the said surface to the action of a medium which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions that the resist protects predetermined portions only of said surface from the action of the medium.
  • a method comprising forming a resist, corresponding to an image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material by exposing and developing, While adjacent said surface, predetermined portions of. a layer of photosensitive material, and subjecting the said surface to the action of avapor which alters the polarizing properties of .said surface under such conditions that the resist protects predetermined portions only of said surface vfrom the action of the vapor.
  • A'method comprising providing a resist, corresponding to an'image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material by forming said resist and then positioning it in contact with said surface, and subjecting the said surface to the action of a medium which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions that the resist protects predetermined portions only of said surface from the action ofI the medium.
  • a method comprising providing a resist, corresponding to an imageto be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material and subjecting the said surface to the action of a medium which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions that the resist protects predetermined portions only of said surface from the action of the medium, and then removing said resist from said surface.
  • a method comprising providing a resist, corresponding to an image to be reproduced, closely adjacent a surface of light-polarizing material and subjecting the said surface to the action of a medium which alters the polarizing properties of said surface under such conditions that the resist protects predetermined portions only of said surface from the action of the medium, and bleaching said surface.
  • the process comprising applying a layer of photosensitive material to a surface of lightpolarizing material, exposing said photosensitive material through said light-polarizing material to form a resist corresponding to an image to be reproduced, subjecting said surface of said lightpolarizing material to the action of a medium destructive of the polarizing properties thereof while employing said resist to protect predetermined portions of said surface from the action of said medium, and removing said resist from -said surface after there has been formed in said light-polarizing material an image the photographic contrast of which is a function of the thereof while employing said resist to protect u.
  • a method comprising forming a lm of light-polarizing material on a transparent support, coating said film with photosensitive material, forming a resist in said photosensitive material corresponding toa predetermined image. subjecting said film to the action of a medium whichalters the polarizing properties of said lm while employing said resist'to protect predetermined portions of. said iilm from said medium.
  • a method comprising forming a film of light-polarizing material on a transparent support, coating said lm with photosensitive material, forming a resist in said "photosensitive material corresponding to a predetermined image by exposing said photosensitive material through said 111m and said support and then developing said exposed coating while in contact with said iilm, subjecting said'fllm to the action of a medium which alters the polarizing properties of said 111m while employing said resist to protect predetermined portions oi said film from said medium, and removing said resist from said lm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
US276232A 1939-05-27 1939-05-27 Method of forming designs in polarizing material Expired - Lifetime US2204604A (en)

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US276232A US2204604A (en) 1939-05-27 1939-05-27 Method of forming designs in polarizing material
BE461781A BE461781A (fr) 1939-05-27 1945-12-13 Perfectionnements relatifs à la polarisation de la lumière

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US276232A US2204604A (en) 1939-05-27 1939-05-27 Method of forming designs in polarizing material

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423473A (en) * 1944-01-12 1947-07-08 Polaroid Corp Process for forming iodine images
US2440102A (en) * 1944-05-31 1948-04-20 Polaroid Corp Process of manufacture of light polarizing two tone image on a sheet
US2440106A (en) * 1946-04-26 1948-04-20 Polaroid Corp Light-polarizing image and methods for forming the same
DE758750C (de) * 1942-05-01 1953-06-22 Zeiss Ikon Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen stereoskopischer Bilder
US2660526A (en) * 1949-01-03 1953-11-24 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Diazotype reflex photoprinting
US3353895A (en) * 1962-04-16 1967-11-21 Polaroid Corp Light polarizer comprising filamentous particles on surface of transparent sheet and method of making same
US5552182A (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-09-03 Rowland Institute For Science Inking methods and compositions for production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US5591508A (en) * 1995-01-31 1997-01-07 Rowland Institute For Science Coating methods and compositions for production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US5758036A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-05-26 The Rowland Institute For Science Production of improved digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US5764248A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-06-09 Rowland Institute For Science Production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images by ink jet printing
US6347851B1 (en) 1995-01-31 2002-02-19 The Rowland Institute For Science Inking methods and compositions for production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US10215901B2 (en) * 2015-11-04 2019-02-26 Nitto Denko Corporation Polarizer, polarizing plate, and method of producing polarizer

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE758750C (de) * 1942-05-01 1953-06-22 Zeiss Ikon Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen stereoskopischer Bilder
US2423473A (en) * 1944-01-12 1947-07-08 Polaroid Corp Process for forming iodine images
US2440102A (en) * 1944-05-31 1948-04-20 Polaroid Corp Process of manufacture of light polarizing two tone image on a sheet
US2440106A (en) * 1946-04-26 1948-04-20 Polaroid Corp Light-polarizing image and methods for forming the same
US2660526A (en) * 1949-01-03 1953-11-24 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Diazotype reflex photoprinting
US3353895A (en) * 1962-04-16 1967-11-21 Polaroid Corp Light polarizer comprising filamentous particles on surface of transparent sheet and method of making same
US5552182A (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-09-03 Rowland Institute For Science Inking methods and compositions for production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US5591508A (en) * 1995-01-31 1997-01-07 Rowland Institute For Science Coating methods and compositions for production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US5758036A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-05-26 The Rowland Institute For Science Production of improved digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US5764248A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-06-09 Rowland Institute For Science Production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images by ink jet printing
US6347851B1 (en) 1995-01-31 2002-02-19 The Rowland Institute For Science Inking methods and compositions for production of digitized stereoscopic polarizing images
US10215901B2 (en) * 2015-11-04 2019-02-26 Nitto Denko Corporation Polarizer, polarizing plate, and method of producing polarizer
US10578786B2 (en) 2015-11-04 2020-03-03 Nitto Denko Corporation Polarizer, polarizing plate, and method of producing polarizer

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BE461781A (fr) 1946-01-31

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