US2205207A - Amplifying scheme for photocathodes - Google Patents

Amplifying scheme for photocathodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2205207A
US2205207A US148451A US14845137A US2205207A US 2205207 A US2205207 A US 2205207A US 148451 A US148451 A US 148451A US 14845137 A US14845137 A US 14845137A US 2205207 A US2205207 A US 2205207A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
potential
electrodes
electrons
grid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US148451A
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English (en)
Inventor
Krenzien Otto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/22—Dynodes consisting of electron-permeable material, e.g. foil, grid, tube, venetian blind

Definitions

  • the invention relates to discharge devices and especially to the type of discharge device known as secondary emission amplifier tubes or multipliers.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a secondary emission amplifier tube that not limited to the application of magnetic fields.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an amplifying device in which the structural parts do not shadow one another to any extent.
  • Figures 1 through 5 are views, partly in crosssection and partly in elevation, of various modi fications of electrode structure embodying the invention.
  • rent may, as is known, be attained in the end stages.
  • the electron ray be so influenced that as high a proportion as possible of the electrons produced at the individual electrodes at i any instant shall impinge on the following electrode at the higher potential and result in the production of further secondary electrons.
  • the equi-potential lines for different arrangements and the potential dimensioning are indicated.
  • the number values on the individual lines give the potential increase in volts, which are determined with reference to a zero level for the corresponding positions of the electric field.
  • the potential distribution is attained in known manner by measuring the individual systems in electrolytic water troughs.
  • the illustration of individually calculated electron paths is out of the question, since the initial speed of the secondary electrons is distributed over too'wide a range.
  • the electric field lines, which the electrons follow strictly only if they have no initial -velocity, are not illustrated; they are always naturally perpendicular to the equi-potential lines.
  • Figure 1 shows a known embodiment of a secondary emission amplifier in which the photocathode K has the lowest potential and the secondary emission electrode S is at a medium potential between the cathode K and the anode A.
  • the impinging light bundle is to be regarded as projected from below in this view as also in the following. It appears from the potential distribution that only electrons which leave the middle of the cathode K reach the secondary emission electrode S and produce an increase in the electron stream, while the other electrons impinge directly on the anode A.
  • a grid-shaped secondary emission electrode S according to the invention is reproduced.
  • a large proportion of the photo-electrons released at the cathode K impinge on the grid electrode S and produce a strengthened secondary electron current. electrons will naturally pass by S and arrive directly at anode A, i. e., this portion is not subjected to strengthening by the released secondary electrons at the electrode S.
  • the secondary electrons which leave S with a small initial velocity are braked and in general may not lead to an increase in the photo-electric current.
  • the cathode K is constructed as a hollow body with an interior active surface so that it may operate for light rays similar to a black body, 1. e., a maximum utilization of the impinging light is yielded. Leads are indicated also in Fig.
  • An essential advantage of the electrode arrangement according to the invention lies in the fact that the secondary emission electrodes have a relatively large surface.
  • a discharge device comprising an envelope having a first electrode capable of emitting charges when subjected to the influence of a beam of radiant energy, a second electrode capable of emitting additional charges when charges emitted by said first electrode impinge thereon, a third electrode for collecting the charges emitted by said first and second electrodes and a fourth electrode for causing a maximum. proportion.
  • said second electrode being interposed between said first and third electrodes and comprising a latticed grid structure, with the elements bounding the lattice openings disposed with their smallest surface areas pointing directly towards and away from the direction in which a beam of radiant energy is to be projected on said first electrode and said fourth electrode comprising a latticed-grid structure electrically'separate from said second electrode and having its bars positioned between the bars of said second electrode.
  • a discharge device comprising an envelope having a first electrode capable of emitting charges when subjected to the influence of a beam of radiant energy, a second electrode capable of emitting additional charges when charges emitted by said first electrode impinge thereon, a third electrode for collecting the charges emitted by said first and second electrodes, and a fourth electrode for causing a maximum proportion of the charges emitted by said first electrode to impinge on said second electrode, said second electrode comprising a plurality of bars and said fourth electrode comprising an other plurality of bars positioned between the bars of said second electrode and electrically insu ated therefrom.
  • a discharge device comprising an envelope having a first electrode capable of emitting charges when subjected to the influence of a beam of radiant energy, a second electrode capable of emitting additional charges when charges emitted by said first electrode impinge thereon, a third electrode for collecting the charges emitted by said first and second electrodes and a fourth electrode for causing a maximum proportion of the charges emitted by said first electrode to impinge on said second electrode, said second and fourth electrodes being interposed between said first and third electrodes and comprising latticed grid structures, with the elements bounding the lattice openings disposed with their smallest surface areas pointing directly towards and away from the direction in which a beam of radiant energy is to be projected on said first electrode, the lattice-bars of said fourth electrode being positioned between the bars of said second electrode and being electrically insulated therefrom.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 characterized by the fact that the first electrode has a coating of emissive material and the second and fourth electrodes are similarly coated.
  • An electrical discharge device comprising an envelope having a cathode which is electron-responsive to radiant energy, an anode, control means intervening between said cathode and anode and comprising a first set of bars and a second set of bars positioned between said first set and electrically independent thereof, conductor means connected to said first set of bars for applying thereto a positive potential greater than a certain critical value, and conductor means affixed to said second set of bars for applying thereto a positive potential less than said critical value.
  • An electrical discharge device comprising an envelope containing a cathode which is electronresponsive to radiant energy, an anode, a first set of control grids comprising a plurality of groups of spaced bars and a second set of control grids comprising a plurality of groups of bars positioned between the first-mentioned bars, leads connected to each of said groups for impressing thereon a positive potential relative to said cathode, said first set requiring a potential more positive than said second set.

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  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
US148451A 1936-06-13 1937-06-16 Amplifying scheme for photocathodes Expired - Lifetime US2205207A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2205207X 1936-06-13

Publications (1)

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US2205207A true US2205207A (en) 1940-06-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US148451A Expired - Lifetime US2205207A (en) 1936-06-13 1937-06-16 Amplifying scheme for photocathodes

Country Status (2)

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US (1) US2205207A (fr)
FR (1) FR823005A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2645734A (en) * 1949-09-29 1953-07-14 Rca Corp Storage tube with electron multiplying and selecting electrodes
US2674661A (en) * 1948-08-12 1954-04-06 Rca Corp Electron multiplier device
US2931914A (en) * 1953-06-15 1960-04-05 Itt Electron multiplier mosaics

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2674661A (en) * 1948-08-12 1954-04-06 Rca Corp Electron multiplier device
US2645734A (en) * 1949-09-29 1953-07-14 Rca Corp Storage tube with electron multiplying and selecting electrodes
US2931914A (en) * 1953-06-15 1960-04-05 Itt Electron multiplier mosaics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR823005A (fr) 1938-01-12

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