US2217413A - Radio direction finding system - Google Patents

Radio direction finding system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2217413A
US2217413A US178606A US17860637A US2217413A US 2217413 A US2217413 A US 2217413A US 178606 A US178606 A US 178606A US 17860637 A US17860637 A US 17860637A US 2217413 A US2217413 A US 2217413A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
antennae
lines
direction finding
earth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US178606A
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English (en)
Inventor
Koschmieder Kurt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent Deutschland AG
C Lorenz AG
Original Assignee
Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG filed Critical Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2217413A publication Critical patent/US2217413A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
    • G01S3/08—Means for reducing polarisation errors, e.g. by use of Adcock or spaced loop antenna systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a particular design of direction nding systems known per se, which operate with a plurality of individual radiators or with combined antenna arrangements 5 interconnected at one point in order to compare their respective energies.
  • a reliable direction finding is not always obtained due to the considerable difficulties with respect to the suppression of the horizontal polarization.
  • the best known antenna system of the above mentioned type is the so-called Adcock antenna arrangement, which substantially comprises four vertical radiators located at the four corners of a square. These radiators are either tuned with earththe so-called U-Adcock--or elevated radiators separated from groundthe so-called H- Adcock.
  • the invention does not concern the construction of the H-Adcock antenna, but deals with the design of the U-Adcock antenna which involves the advantage of considerably lower structural height as compared with the H-Adcock antenna.
  • the suppression of the horizontal polarization presents substantially greater 25 diiiculties in connection with the U-Adcock an tenna arrangement than with H-Adcock antennae.
  • the known arrangements employ shielded lines for connecting the individual radiators to the receiver or to a goniometer associated with the input circuit thereof.
  • the shieldings of said lines are thoroughly grounded. It has been found that horizontal polarization phenomena, that is, reception or transmission of horizontally polarized energy, still occur in spite of such precautions, particularly when the ground is not very moist. Careful investigations have proven that the shielded lines themselves act as receivers or emitters, thereby giving rise to direction nding errors due to improperly polarized waves as a result of insuicient symmetry of the antenna structure.
  • Fig. l shows a diagrammatic sectional elevation of a known antenna arrangement, while the Figs. 2 to 4 each illustrates an embodiment of the invention in similar elevation. Figs. 5 and 6 show two other embodiments.
  • the known antenna arrangement illustrated in Fig. l by way of an example comprises four individual radiating antennae positioned at the four corners of a square. Only the two antennae A1 and A2 are shown in this sectional representation. These antennae are connected to a counterpoise or earth at E1' and E2 over the coupling transformers L1 and L2, respectively, and coupled to the transmitter or receiver G over the energy lines F1 and F2, respectively. The outer sheath of these lines is grounded.
  • the current i1 denotes the current which ows from the antenna tothe device G, while i2 represents the current flowing from earth or from the counterpoise to the device G.
  • the energy lines apply diiferent currents through the capacities C1 and C2.
  • the connecting lines F1 and F2 from the device G are applied directly to the coupling transformers L1 and L2, respectively, as shown in Fig. 3, and are not underground.
  • the energy line is located in eld symmetry, that is to say, the radiation iield between ground and the energy line is the same as the radiation eld between the antenna and the energy line (compare Fig. 3), whereby the phase difference between the above mentioned currents i1 land 112 is eliminated regardless of the wave length and a symmetric structure of the entire system is attained.
  • Ihe energyv lines are then located Within a eld zone which is the same above andbelow the lines. It has been proven by tests that no horizontal effect exists.
  • an adjustment of balance of the arrangement is possible only when the energy line emits radiation.
  • a potential which is produced by the local auxiliary transmitter S is applied to the energy line in any known manner.
  • This additional and locally produced potential must develop an equivalent, but opposing effect relative to the horizontal eect set up due to incident oscillations.
  • a coil T is provided about the energy line, said coil being supplied from small high frequency oscillators, the frequency of which corresponds to the operating wave-length of the direction finding system.
  • the condenser C is to be varied until no high frequency component occurs in the device G.
  • the inventiveidea is by no means limited to antenna systems employing radiators which consist of one single conductor, but is applicable also to such antenna systems which utilize tubular radiators or an antenna assembly comprising a number of separate radiators arranged in a circle, or similar structures.
  • Such antenna systems have the advantage that they are capable of picking up a larger voltage amplitude than other systems, since it is an aperiodic antenna system which employs a larger condenser. From this follows that the voltage drop across the condenser becomes lower.
  • Fig. A5 represents a modification in which the individual wires of which the antenna A is composed are arranged in a circle.
  • the antenna is connected with ground through coupling coil L and a variable condenser C, and through the coupling coil it is connected with the transmission line F.
  • the antenna A is in the form of a tube having a large capacity.
  • a direction antenna system responsive substantially to vertically polarized energy only comprising earthed vertical antennae, a high frequency device, horizontally disposed lines interconnecting said antennae and said device, a shield arranged ⁇ about said lines, said shield inherently tending to reradiate in response to oscillations induced by horizontally polarized energy to produce a radiation eld effective between said shield and said antennae and said shield and earth, and means for substantially eliminating the effect of said reradiation of energy on said high frequency device comprising means supporting said shield and said lines in spaced relation with respect to said earth substantially symmetrically within said produced radiation eld with respect to said antennae and said earth.
  • a system according to claim l having coupling means inserted in the antennae for coupling to said line, and a condenser disposed between said coupling means and said earth, said antennae being tubes with large capacity.
  • a direction finding system according to claim 1, and counterpoises associated with said antennae.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
US178606A 1936-12-07 1937-12-07 Radio direction finding system Expired - Lifetime US2217413A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201665X 1936-12-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2217413A true US2217413A (en) 1940-10-08

Family

ID=5767391

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US178606A Expired - Lifetime US2217413A (en) 1936-12-07 1937-12-07 Radio direction finding system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2217413A (de)
CH (1) CH201665A (de)
FR (1) FR830460A (de)
GB (1) GB499684A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140049440A1 (en) * 2011-05-09 2014-02-20 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Coupling degree adjustment circuit, antenna device, and wireless communication device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140049440A1 (en) * 2011-05-09 2014-02-20 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Coupling degree adjustment circuit, antenna device, and wireless communication device
US8912972B2 (en) * 2011-05-09 2014-12-16 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Coupling degree adjustment circuit, antenna device, and wireless communication device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH201665A (de) 1938-12-15
GB499684A (en) 1939-01-27
FR830460A (fr) 1938-08-01

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