US2228330A - Calculating machine - Google Patents

Calculating machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US2228330A
US2228330A US147222A US14722237A US2228330A US 2228330 A US2228330 A US 2228330A US 147222 A US147222 A US 147222A US 14722237 A US14722237 A US 14722237A US 2228330 A US2228330 A US 2228330A
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United States
Prior art keywords
contacts
card
slide
shaft
magnet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US147222A
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English (en)
Inventor
Torkel E Torkelson
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US147222A priority Critical patent/US2228330A/en
Priority to FR838975D priority patent/FR838975A/fr
Priority to GB17083/38A priority patent/GB518864A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2228330A publication Critical patent/US2228330A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/46—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using electromechanical counter-type accumulators
    • G06F7/462—Multiplying; dividing
    • G06F7/465—Multiplying; dividing by partial product forming (with electric multiplication table)

Definitions

  • FIGS. 1 A first figure.
  • This invention relates to calculating machines and more particularly to machines controlled by perforated record cards.
  • One of the objects is to devise means for performing adding operations in a minimum number of cycles.
  • Another object is to devise means whereby a differential storage device may be employed and in which a plurality of amounts to be added may be entered into as manysections of the differential mechanism as there are units of value in the amounts and the total of all these amounts may be read out directly in a single operation.
  • a further object is to provide multiplying mechanism inwhich twofactors may be entered and the several partial products derived may then be entered into the differential storage device from which the product can be directly read out in a single operation.
  • a still further object is to provide a novel adding mechanism which includes a separate section for each separate unit of value to be added and improved tens carry devices arranged to effect a carrying operation immediately upon the entry ,of a number of unit values which aggregate ten or more.
  • the machine comprises a card' handling section in which record cards are successively moved to pass a sensing station. As each card passes thestation, two or more amounts may be read therefrom and entered into the calculating devices which, when the card has advanced to a punching station, will punch the total of the amounts or their cross sum back into the record card.
  • the sensing station may sense two factors and enter the same into multiplying mechanism which, in turn, will enter derived partial products into the adding devices and these, in turn, will punch back the product in the record card when (Cl. ass-61.6)-
  • ments adjust contact devices to represent the digits entered therein. After a group of elements has been displaced, an emitter sends a series of impulses representing the digits to each section concurrently and the contact devices set up in each section will provide a circuit path for the digit impulses representing the sum of the digits entered in the section.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the machine showing the location of the various units and the driving mechanism thereto.
  • Fig. 2 is a section through the adding mechanism showing one of the entry receiving elements. 20
  • Fig. 2a is a detail of a further slide.
  • Fig. 3 is a section taken on lines if? in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a section of the multiplier and multiplicand entry receiving device.
  • Fig. 5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4.
  • Figs. 6, 6a, 6b, and 6c, taken together, constitute the wiring diagram of the electric circuits of the machine.
  • Fig. 6d shows the relationshipiof the drawings containing Figs. 6, 6a., 6b, and 60, required to constitute the complete circuit arrangement.
  • Fig. 7 is a timing diagram of the machine when used for adding operations only.
  • Fig. 8 is a timing diagram of the electric circuits of the machine when used for multiplying operations.
  • Fig. 9 is a record card showing the arrangement of the several fields to be sensed and punched.
  • Fig. 10 is a view at an enlarged scale of one of the adding sections showing the manner in which the circuits are traced through the several orders.
  • Figs. 11 to 1'7, inclusive illustrate a section of the adding mechanism in various positions.
  • Fig. 18 is a detail of contact operating devices.
  • Fig. 19 is a section of a multiplying commutator.
  • Fig. 20 is a diagram of a multiplying problem.
  • Fig. 21 is a portion of the circuit diagram to explain the principle of the multiplying operation.
  • The-several units of the machine will first be described to point out their manner of organization, after which the operation of the complete machine will be set forth in connection with the circuit diagram, at which time the coordination of the various units will be set forth.
  • the main drive shaft of the machine is indicated at in Fig. 1 and may be driven by any suitable source of power to maintain it in constant rotation.
  • the shaft l0 carries a gear 2
  • a clutch driving element I 9 Secured to gear is a clutch driving element I 9 which is consequently in constant motion.
  • a spring-pressed dog I 8 Lying in the plane of clutch element 19 is a spring-pressed dog I 8 which is carried by and pivoted to a cam 22.
  • latch I1 is rocked counterclockwise to release pawl I8 whereupon a spring will move it into engagement with the driving element I! to cause rotation of cam 22.
  • the cam 22 is secured to shaft F so that the shaft will rotate in unison with the driving element l9.
  • Cam 22, as it rotates, will rock a bell crank follower lever 23 and, through a link 24, oscillate arms 25 which have pin and slot connection with a card picker which is suitably mounted for vertical reciprocation.
  • the downward movement of picker 28 will advance a card 0 from the feed magazine 21 to the uppermost pair of feed rollers 2
  • the several pairs of feed rollers are interconnected by gears generally designated 29 and are driven by a suitable gear secured to the shaft F so that the rollers 28 are in motion during the rotation of shaft F.
  • the record cards C (see Fig. 9) are placed in the magazine 21 so that the zero index point positions lead and the cards will pass the sensing station comprising individual sensing brushes 30 and common contact roller 3
  • a record card will be advanced from the hopper to a position shown in Fig. 1 in which the card isinpositionwiththebrushes ll abouttosense the zero index point positions.
  • the card is advanced to the pimching station which comprises a plurality of rows of punches is spaced in accordand: with the arrangement of the index point positions on the record card.
  • a gate 11 stops the leading edge of the card and holds the same in position until punching has been effected.
  • the gate 11 is connected by a link ll to a bell crank cam follower 19 whose roller cooperates with a. cam I. secured to shaft F.
  • Printing and punching mechanism The printing and punching devices are operated from a shaft designated P upon which is freely mounted a gear 2
  • a spring-pressed pawl Il which is carried by a cam 2.
  • armature latch 3' Supported by and pivoted to the cam i2 is an armature latch 3' which normally holds the pawl 31 out of engagement with driving element 28.
  • Energization of clutch magnet 35 will cause the latch 26 to release pawl 21 for engagement with driving element 20 whereupon shaft P. to which cam 42 is secured. will rotate.
  • Secured to shaft P is a cam 39 which cooperates with a follower lever 40 whose upper extremity is connected through arm and link connection 53 to a shaft 54.
  • each slider 55 is suitably mounted for vertical reciprocation and are normally urged upward by their springs 56a.
  • the lower extremity of each slider carries a resiliently mounted interposer 51 which will pass the punches 58 in the related column in order.
  • notches 59 will pass the nose of a pawl 60 in succession.
  • will attract its armature Gla and release pawl 60 for engagement in one of the notches 59.
  • punch plate 65 which is mounted for horizontal reciprocation, will be moved toward the left to force the positioned lnterposers 51 against the selected punches 58 and force the same through the record card.
  • the plate has connected to it a link 64 whose other end is connected to a bell crank follower 83 which is operated by the cam 62 on shaft P.
  • a. pivoted hammer 52 normally latched in the position shown by a latch 20. across the latches is a bail 5
  • bail II will move in the some direction and near the extremity of the movement of arm 42, the bail will rock latches I20 clockwise to release the hammers 52.
  • the gear 240 through an idler 4
  • clutch driving element 18 Secured to gear 22 is clutch driving element 18 which. 'by virtue of the gear connection to the main drive shaft II, is in constant rotation.
  • 00- operating with element II is a spring-Md pawl '4 which is pivoted to, and carried by, comdriving element 89 and when so engaged, shaft AS will rotate.
  • a dog 81 which lies in the path of armature latch 86 and when engaged by the latch will disengage the clutch, after it has made a half revolution.
  • the cam I5 cooperates with a follower arm I4 secured to a shaft I3 upon which are secured arms 12 which have pin and notch connection with a bar II (see also Fig. 2).
  • a bar II see also Fig. 2
  • adding slides 69 will follow under the influence'of their springs I9.
  • Each slide 69 is provided with a plurality of notches 68 which pass the toe of a pawl 61 in the order 0, 1, 2, 3 'I. 8, 9. as the correspondingly numbered index point. positions of the record card pass the sensing brushes 99.
  • Latch 61 is normally held out of cooperation with the notches by armature latch 66a which releases the pawl 61 for engagement with the notches 68 upon energization of magnet 66.
  • each slide 69 Carried by each slide 69 is a group of contact plungers 89 which are insulated from one another and from the slide. In line with.the contact plungers 99 for each column there is a line of contact segments 99 over which the contacts 89 slide as the slide 69 reciprocates. If the record column sensed contains a perforation in the 0" position, the pawl 61 will be tripped to engage the 0 notch 68 and thecontact 89 farthest to'the' right will be in position over the right hand 0 segment 99. If the column contained a perforation in the 1" position, the
  • Each group of segments 99 associated with a bar 69 is carried by an insulating member 9
  • a magnet 96 upon energization, will rock pawl 99 out of engage ment with the notch in extension 92 so that spring 94 will move member 9
  • the magnet 95 is energized whenever a unit is to be carried into the related order, as will be explained in connection with the circuit diagram, and this displacement toward the right of member 9
  • Abutting the end of extension 92 is the blade of a pair of contacts 95a which close when the member 9
  • is a pivoted lever 91 whose upper arm is engaged by a pin 98 in slide 69 when the slide is restored toward the right to rock the lever clockwise and by engagement with the pin 99 in extension 92 will restore the member 9
  • a slide 69a which is positioned in exactly the same manner as the slide 69 of Fig. 2.
  • This slide carries three contact plungers designated 89a and one designated 89b.
  • the three contacts 89a are electrically connected to one another and are insulated from the single contact 89b.
  • the contacts cooperate with a iixed member 9
  • the contact 99b occupiesthe position as shown and advances toward the left to engage the segments 99a in order as the correspondingly numbered index point positions of the card pass the sensing station. Sensing of a perforation in a related card column. will interrupt the slide 69a with the contact 89b in position over the segment 99a corresponding to the value of the perforation.
  • the machine is provided with a number of slides 69 with cooperating members 9
  • the manner in which the units are grouped to form what will be termed an adding section will be more fully explained in connection with the circuit diagram.
  • the magnets II6 are energized in response to the sensing of a multiplicand or a multiplier facsprings H2 and notches II3 will pass the toe tor and control displacement of the slides III accordingly.
  • the shaft AS is driven through a half-revolution clutch and during multiplying operations the shaft makes a half revolution for each record card so that the brushes I2I advance 180 degrees for each operation as will be explained.
  • the record card C has three fields designated CI, C2, and C3 in which perforations representing the amounts 619, 508, and 1 are punched. The amounts in these three fields are to be added together and 50 the sum punched back in field C4.
  • the sensing brushes which traverse the three amount fields CI, C2, and C3 are wired to plug sockets I24 and the punch selecting magnets GI which control punching of the field Cl are 55 wired to plug sockets I25.
  • the sockets I24 are connected through plug connections I28 to plug sockets I21 as indicated, with the units digits of the three amounts connected to three adjacent slide controlling magnets 6 6, the tens digits 50 connected to the next three lower magnets 68, and the hundreds digits to the following group of three slide controlling magnets 66.
  • Each set of three magnets 66 and associated mechanism constitutes what will hereinafter be termed a section of the adding mechanism.
  • Each section includes two slides 89 and a slide 69a arranged and wired together as shown in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 6 For -a machine having a capacity to add together three 3-place numbers, there will be four sections and each section will have two slides 69 and one slide 69a.
  • additional slides 69 are included in each section and there will be only one slide 69a in any case.
  • the plug sockets I25 are connected through 75 plug connections I28 to sockets I29 which are -(see Fig. '7) and connected to the print controlling magnets 49 for operation of the print magnets concurrently with the punch magnets. From sockets I29 plug connections I30 extend to sockets I3I so that the magnets #9 and BI which control the printing and punching of the units digit of the sum are connected to the socket I3I associated with the units section of the adding mechanism. The magnets 49 and BI which control the printing and punching of the tens digit of the sum are connected to the socket l3I associated with the tens section of the adding mechanism and so on.
  • a group of sockets 200 is provided which is connected to contacts A83.
  • sockets I21 of magnets 56 which are not connected to sensing brushes and which are associated with an overflow adding section.
  • Contacts AS3 are timed (Fig. 7) to complete circuits to stop the connected slides in position as will be explained.
  • the machine With the plug connections made as indicated and with cards placed in the supply magazine 27, the machine is ready to commence operation.
  • the Add key is operated to open a pair of contacts I32 (bottom of Fig. 6a) to deenergize relay magnet T if the relay is in energized condition due to possible previous multiplying operations during which the relay may have been energized, as will be explained.
  • relay magnet T is deenergized and its several contacts 'II-TI are in the positions shown on the diagram.
  • the contacts I2 are held closed until the first card has advanced far enough to cause closure of card lever contacts CLC which takes place at about the 12" time in this preliminary cycle at which time a further holding circuit for the motor control relay R is completed through the stop key contacts 34 and the card lever contacts CLC.
  • the F cams operate and toward the end of the cycle, contacts Fl close after contacts CLC have closed, to complete a circuit from line I3.
  • the shaft P is now coupled for operation and will make one cycle, which is an idle cycle, at this time, since no card is in position to be punched and no entries as yet have been made in the adding mechanism.
  • the first card at this time is in the position indicated 'in Fig.
  • cam contacts PI close, energizing the feed clutch magnet I3 and shaft, F enters upon another cycle of operations to advance the card past the sensing brushes 33.
  • his cycle of shaft F is exactly the same as the preliminary idle cycle except that the card lever contacts CLO are now closed throughout. the period indicated in shaded outline'in Fig. 7 to about the 5 time in the cycle.
  • contacts F2 close to bridge, the contacts CLC which, if 'a second card follows, again close at about 12.
  • current is supplied throughout the entire cycle from line I3 (Fig. 6a) to wire 33 through either contacts CLC or F2 and this connection will continue as long as cards continue to feed in succession, past the sensing brushes.
  • a representative entering circuit may be traced as follows: from line I3 (Fig. 6a), "contacts CLC or F2, wire 33, circuit breaker contacts F3, wire I33 (Fig.
  • the circuit for energizing relay A extends to wire I35 from line I4, through series circuits which will be traced later, thence through relay A, through its contacts AI, the upper carry magnet 35 to wire I35 (Fig. 6a) contacts P5, wire 33, contacts CLC or F2, to line I3. Energization of carry magnet 35 will release the related slide 3
  • Relay magnet A is adjusted to open its con-tacts Al to break the circuit to magnet 35 after it has been energized, but before the contacts 35a operated by the related slide close. Opening of contacts AI is accompanied by closure of contacts A2 which set,
  • the like-numbered segments 33 are both connected to the same con-- tact plunger 33.
  • the segments 33 of the last order are connected to a group of wires I4I which, through the contacts DI of the multicontact relay D; may be connected to the lines I42 extending to contact segments II3 of the. emitter El.
  • the 0" wire I has a lead I 43 extending to the two contacts 33 in parallel as shown. With the machine at rest, the slides, the contacts, and the circuit connections are in the relationship shown in Figs. 6 and 60.
  • FIG. 11 is shown'the relative positions of the parts/when the "5 index point position of the card has reached the brushes 33 and it is assumed that the column connected to the lowermost slide 33 containsa zero so that this slide was stopped at zerowhile the other two continued their advance.- At the "5 position, the
  • Fig. 12 is shown the path through which a carry circuit is completed when all three slides 69 are passing through the 4 position without having been interrupted.
  • the carry circuit is completed as again emphasized by a heavy dotted line with the circuit extending from line I4, contacts BI, wire H", the central contact 89a on slide I59, and thence in series through the indicated wires I39, I30 and lead I43 through the contacts 96 and wire I35 to the relay A. If the three slides should be interrupted at this point, the circuit will continue to hold relay magnet A energized through the holding circuit extending from wire I35, relay magnet A, contacts A2, wire I38, thus holding contacts AI open so that only the single carry operation can be effected.
  • Fig. 16 is shown the circuit path for completion of a second carry at the time the positions of the three slides represent ll. In this position, the upper slides have been stopped at 6 while the lowermost slide is at the 8" position, either stopped there or passing through. The circuit is emphasized and it is quite apparent without detailed tracing of the same.
  • Fig. 17 is shown the path through which the carry circuit is completed where the section has already received a carry impulse and this added "one combined with the setting of the bars aggregates 10.
  • the lowermost slide is stopped at 0"; the central slide has stopped at 4, but its companion slide II has been moved one step toward the right so that, in effect, there is a 5" in the central slide; and
  • the carry circuit is emphasized and extends through the contact 89b, the series connections through wires I39, I40, and HI to lead I43 and the upper contacts 33 to the wire I35 and the appropriate carry magnet 95 of the next higher order.
  • the carry circuit may follow through various circuit paths depending on the relative positions of the slides and the circuit may go through contact 39b or one of the contacts 380. Whenever the aggregate setting of the slides is exactly 10, the circuit will go through contact 8317. In certain cases, for example, that shown in Fig. 12, where the three bars advance together, they move from a position in which they aggregate 9 when all three are set at 3 to a position where they all aggregate 12 where all bars are set at "4 and no carry circuit is completed until they are all at the "12 position If one oi these slides had been stopped at the "2 position, then when the other two arrived at 4, the aggregate would have been exactly 10 and the carry circuit traceable through contact 89b.
  • each section 4 of the adding mechanism will be in readiness to have the total read out immediately.
  • the slides will be in their forward position with the setting where they will remain until they are restored in the second half of the following printing and punching cycle.
  • cam contacts Fl close, again energizing the print clutch magnet 35 so that a revolution of shaft P is initiated'.
  • Cam contacts P4 close just as the cycle commences and cause energization of relay mag net B through a circuit from line I4, relay magnet B (Fig. 6a), contacts P4, wire 33 contacts CLC, to line I3.
  • the magnet B remains energized throughout the print and punch selecting portion of the cycle and, during such period, it holds open its contacts BI and B2, the former cutting on the carry circuit connections to the contacts "a, and the latter opening the carry connection to contacts l9b-which are now connected to the plug socket I3I through closure of contacts B3.
  • contacts P5 controlled by the same cm as contact P4, open the common carry line I36.
  • relay B In parallel with relay B are a plurality of relay magnets D, each of which controls a group of contacts DI (see also Fig. 10) which are placed in the wires Ill. These contacts are open during entering operations to prevent possible back circults and are closed to connect the wires Ill to the wires I42 so that the total may be read out.
  • emitter brush III rotates with shaft P, It contacts the segments II! in succession in the order 0,1,2,3...'I,8,9Insynchronismwiththe movement of the type elements I!
  • each 01' the wires I" will be connected in turn to wire 33 and through contacts 61.0 to line II.
  • the readout circuits may best be explained by tracing several specific examples.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
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US147222A 1937-06-09 1937-06-09 Calculating machine Expired - Lifetime US2228330A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US147222A US2228330A (en) 1937-06-09 1937-06-09 Calculating machine
FR838975D FR838975A (fr) 1937-06-09 1938-06-07 Machine à calculer
GB17083/38A GB518864A (en) 1937-06-09 1938-06-08 Improvements in or relating to calculating machines

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2420167A (en) * 1943-03-31 1947-05-06 Ibm Relay type cross-totalizing device for record card data
US2434487A (en) * 1941-09-13 1948-01-13 Ibm Record controlled adding and comparing machine
US2477722A (en) * 1943-11-03 1949-08-02 Ncr Co Accounting machine
US2490362A (en) * 1945-12-21 1949-12-06 Ibm Record controlled calculating machine
US2536906A (en) * 1947-06-21 1951-01-02 Ibm Record controlled dividing machine
US2598990A (en) * 1945-02-17 1952-06-03 Addressograph Multigraph Printing machine
US2675177A (en) * 1950-01-09 1954-04-13 Powers Samas Account Mach Ltd Statistical machine
US2710406A (en) * 1950-12-16 1955-06-07 Addressograph Multigraph Machines for producing business instruments
US2858889A (en) * 1958-11-04 Combined printing and punching machine
US2943564A (en) * 1957-12-24 1960-07-05 Ibm Printed data storage interpreter
US2954926A (en) * 1953-01-13 1960-10-04 Sperry Rand Corp Electronic data processing system
US2981586A (en) * 1961-04-25 Albert a

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981586A (en) * 1961-04-25 Albert a
US2858889A (en) * 1958-11-04 Combined printing and punching machine
US2434487A (en) * 1941-09-13 1948-01-13 Ibm Record controlled adding and comparing machine
DE931011C (de) * 1943-03-31 1955-07-28 Ibm Deutschland Verfahren und Anordnung zum Addieren und Subtrahieren mit Hilfe von Relaiszaehlern
US2420167A (en) * 1943-03-31 1947-05-06 Ibm Relay type cross-totalizing device for record card data
US2477722A (en) * 1943-11-03 1949-08-02 Ncr Co Accounting machine
US2598990A (en) * 1945-02-17 1952-06-03 Addressograph Multigraph Printing machine
US2490362A (en) * 1945-12-21 1949-12-06 Ibm Record controlled calculating machine
US2536906A (en) * 1947-06-21 1951-01-02 Ibm Record controlled dividing machine
US2675177A (en) * 1950-01-09 1954-04-13 Powers Samas Account Mach Ltd Statistical machine
US2710406A (en) * 1950-12-16 1955-06-07 Addressograph Multigraph Machines for producing business instruments
US2954926A (en) * 1953-01-13 1960-10-04 Sperry Rand Corp Electronic data processing system
US2943564A (en) * 1957-12-24 1960-07-05 Ibm Printed data storage interpreter

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Publication number Publication date
GB518864A (en) 1940-03-11
FR838975A (fr) 1939-03-21

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