US2243473A - Dividing machine - Google Patents

Description

May 2.7, 1941. J. w. BRYcE DIVIDING MACHINE 17 Sheets-Sheet l Filed July 8, 1936 lNvEN R A 0. B`Y

l l/vu 'r L; ATTORNEYS INVENT R i @L u. 7W? M, -r bww,

L, ATTORNEYS 17 Sheets-Sheet 2 .1. w. BRYcE DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8, 1 956 May 27, 1941.

F'IG 3 May 27, 1941.

J. W. BRYCE DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8, 193e A 17 Sheets-Sheet 3 El; I ....1. q .u n l m. mm

ATTORNEYS May 27, 1941. J. w` BRYcE DIVIDI'NG MACHINE Filed July 8, 1936 17 Sheets-Sheet 4 l /J I x Ak K L L ATTORNEYS lNvENT R May 27, 1941. J. w. BRY'C'E DIVIDINCT` MACHINE Filed July 8, 1936 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 5 SMQ Y lNvE TOR l y A). ufk

1;, ATTORNEYS May 27, 1941. J. w.'BRYc'E DIVIDING MACHINE 17 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July s. 1956 .Qdi

May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYcE DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8, 19:56

17 Sheets-Sheet 'T T blau-4144. ATTORNEYS ai .QE

May 27, 1941.A J. w. BRYcE DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8, 1956 17 Sheets-Shee?I 8 QSSQ@ QQ INVE TOR 0.

Y bmg, Np TM I ATTORNEYS May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYcE DIVIDING MACHINE 1'7 sheets-sheet 9 Filed July 8, 1936 mu 1 mum Z0, www

17 sheets-sheet 1o TToRNl-:Ys

May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYCE DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8, 1936 May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYcE DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8, 1956 17 Sheets-Sheet l2 INVENT R i/m/ a, Y @..TMJ/ y1/Tm Y ATTORNEYS May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYcE DIVIDING MACHINE May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYCE DIVIDING MACHINE m Y m n N n 1 SG :2m 2m n. .im im rm .ib f n En n zw rv :am EN .N

d :Il: 1-1,.

May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYCE nrvrnme MACHINE Filed July 8, 1936 17 .Sheets-Sheet 16 J. W. BRYCE DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8. 1936 www mmc

www

Nimm

May 27, 1941.

Num

INVE TOR 2, 27 BY MJA/l 7/m, -r/MQ Ll, ATTORNEYS May 27, 1941. J. w. BRYCE 2,243,473 DIVIDING MACHINE Filed July 8, 1936 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 17 F IG.I7. D50- DRD-4 DDRO F IGJG.

15a 15b l 15C 15o( Y15g 15h `-30 36A- 4Ghz L ATToRNEYs Patented May 27, 1941 i UNITEDASTATES PATENT OFFICE DIVIDIN'G MACHINE .lames W. Bryce, Glen Ridge, N. J., assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application July 8, 1936, Serial No. 89,570

(el. zas-61.7)

10 Claims.

' This invention relates to an-improved dividing machine for effecting division more rapidly than has been possible heretofore by machine methods. In its broad aspects the present invention has for its objects the provision of a machine which* will eiiect division by machine methods in a manner which generally corresponds with long division mental methods used by.persons -for small number divisors; for example, with divisors up to 12. For instance, assume the long division problem is 1488 divided by 12. If this problem is worked by the' customary mental-pencil and paper method the procedure is as follows inspection of 14 (a comparison portion of the dividend) knows that the 1 multiple of the divisor or 12 is the highest going multiple of the divisor. Accordingly 1 is'inscribed as the iirst quotient figure and 12 is Written down and subtracted from 14, leaving a 2 remainder, which is combined with a brought down 8 figure, giving a new `dividend comparison amount of 28. By inspection of this iigure and by mental processes, the calculator knows that 24 or the 2 multiple' of the divisor is the highest going multiple of thedivisor, thereupon 2 is written downas the quotient and 24 written down and subtracted from 28, leaving 48. the 8 being a carry down figure. Inspection and mental processes then show that 48 or the .4 multiple. is the next going multiple of the divisor.

'Ihe foregoing is a simple illustration of long division wherein the operator by mere mental processes and inspectioxnknows all possible multil ples of the divisor and wherein the operator can by inspection mentally compare these possible fmultipleswith' a dividend comparison amount.v

'I'he problem, however, becomes ,very much more diiiicult if the divisor amount is higher than 12.` For example, few persons could immediately, byv

memory, know all multiples from 1 to 9 ofthe divisor amount of say 89. Timeand possible cut and try attempts would vbe required to determine how many times 89"w0u1d go into say 676.

'I'he present invention has forr its general objects the provision of a machine which will effect expeditiously by machine operations and without manual intervention, dividing calculations wherein the general procedure of a manual-mental pencil and paper Amethod for dividing by small divisors is followed, that is to say, inasmuch as a machine cannot think, such machine must, by Amachine methods and devices,`provide first all possible multiples of the divisor from 1 to 9, then provision is made in the machine for automatically taking a comparison portion of the dividend and for automatically comparing such comparison portion with all of the possible multiples of the divisors and by such comparison determining the highest going multiple of the divisor. In such comparing operation in order tov save time, comparisons are concurrently made betweenv the selected comparison portion'of the dividend with all of the multiples of the divisor. 'I'he machine having made this selection comparison and determination immediately selects the corresponding divisor multiple for subtraction, causes such subtraction tofbeJeft'ected and als'o causes a quotient amount related to the 4subtracted divisor multiple to be set up on a quotient receiving device.

Previous dividing machines have operated byv successive subtraction methods, that is, with the dividend and divisor set up in the machine a portion of the dividend was takenvand the divisor was successively subtracted from. this dividend portion until there was no remainder amount or until the amount went back of zeroj. Some expedients have been resorted to to decrease the number of machine cycles required, but at best *previous dividing machines were time consuming -in their operation.

'Ihe present invention has for its yobject the 'provision of a machine which will eiect division:

in a more rapid manner than possible heretofore in dividing machines.

` A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a dividing machine wherein means is provided to enable the machine in automaticallyl set up all possible `multiples of an entered divisor and then compare such available multiples concurrently wth'a selected portion of thedividend to determine the highest going multiple oi' the divisor. c A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a dividing machine wherein provision is made for eiecting division by subtraction, and wherein one and only one machine cycle is required for each quotient place irrespective of the numerical value of the quotient.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a novel cycle controller for a dividing machine to eliminate machine cycles and particularly, comparing cycles when a zero or zeros appear in the remainder so that a quotient figure or figuresy of zero would result.

A further object' of the present invention resides in the provision of novel place limiting means for a dividing machine.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of means upon which multiples of the divisor from l to 9V may be built up and available for comparison and in'which the number of entry receiving means may be minimized.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of novel means for automatically and by the operation of the machine,

comparing a dividendcomparison portion with all possible multiples of the divisor to determine the highest going multiple of the divisor.

A further object of the present invention rey sides in the provision of novel comparing means y adapted to compare an amount upon an entry or amount receiving means concurrently with each of a plurality'of otheigseparate amounts upon other receiving means and determine equal to greater than or less than. conditions as between the ilrst mentioned amount and each of the other Fig. 6 is a detail view of certain parts ofthe accumulator mechanism' with the parts in normal position;

Fig. 7 is a similar view with the parts in operated position with the clutchengaged;

. accumulator elements in ninesposition and Fig.

i vention will`be hereinafter set forthA in the ac' companying specification and claims and shown.

in the drawings which show by way of illustration a preferred embodiment and the principle thereof and what I now consider to be the best mode in which I have contemplated of applying that principle; Other embodiments of the invention employing the same-or equivalent principle may be used and structural changes made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from thev present invention and within the spirit of the appended claims.

' In the drawings:

Figure l is a diagrammatic view showing the various units ,of the machine and the arrangement of driving mechanism;

Fig. 2' is a sectional view of; the card handling and reading section of the machine;

Fig. 2a is a diagrammatic view of aportion of tliie quotient place limiting switching mechan sm;

Fig. 3 is elevational view of a section of the accumulating section of the machine which shows the manner of mounting the accumulator plate assemblies in the housing and the manner of` drive for the accumulator mechanisms. The view is taken on line' 3-3 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows. See also Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a sectional viewof-one of the accumulator'plates, the section iis taken substantially on line l-I of Fig. 3, looking in the5 direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 isla sectional detail view taken substantially on line l-lkof Fig. 4. looking in' the direction of the arrows. This view shows an ac-I cumulator gear element and alsoshows a sectionlanism for the transfer brush;

l2 showing the`re'lation of the parts after the accumulator wheel has passed from 9 through the' zero position4 and before restoration of the carrying mechanism;

` Figs. 11a and 12a are details of iatching mech- Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic viewfshowing general flow of entries and of calculated amounts through the machine and showing a typical di- Y viding calculation as performed by the machine; Figs. 14a and 14h', taken together vwith Fig. lib

`to the right of Fig. 14a, show a timing diagram of certain parts of the machine;

Figs.l 15a, 15b,15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, 15g and 15h, taken together and arranged in the relation shown in Fig. 16, show the complete circuit diagram of the machine;

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary portion of the circuit diagram showing the manner'in which the com-l paring operation is brought about and the manner in which the comparing devices effect a se- DRI- 1, DRI-3, DRf-l, DRf-'l and DRf-S. 'I'he suffixV in each case indicates a multiple of the divisor. Thus DRf-l signifies that the ultimate amount in this accumulator is that of the divisor times 7. 'I'he DDQJmit comprises one large accumulator which is used for receiving both the entries of the dividend and quotient. Driven from the accumulator drive shaft I2, are impulse distributors Il and-l8 and this shaft also drives a number of CC cams for operating can. contact devices, there being twenty of such cams and cam contact devices in the instant machine. Also driven from the accumulator drive shaft I 2 are a number of emitters, I1, i8, `I9 and 2B and a supplemental emitter 2|. The relation of drive is such that emitters lil to 20 inclusive, emit one set of impulses for each revolution of the accumulatorl drive shaft l2 and emitter 2| emits two sets of impulses for each revolution of the accumulator drive shaft.

Card handling, reading and punching section Suitable bevel gearing provides a'drive for the main drive shaft 22 of thel card handling, reading, andpunching unit. This section of the ma- The calculating sec- 1 Aa plate 21.

' that according to the instant machine the accumulating sections operate under a twenty point cycle. With this cycle of operation of the accumulating units there must be a delay in card feeding of four cycle points or index points so there is a slightly different timing of the picker cam 23. There is one additional modification in the card reading unit over the construction shown in the patents referred to. In lieu of utilizing a single X brush there are a complete row of brushes at the advance sensing station.

' The card handling unit also includes a number of FC cams for operating FC cam contacts. In the instant machine there are fourteen of these FC cams.

In lieu of'utilizing the type of accumulator shown in the above mentioned Cunningham and Oldenboom patents, a different type of accumulator is utilized. In its main essentials, .such accumulators are of 'the' plate type arranged for slidable insertion in the machine and as is customary with this type of accumulators, two denominational orders are provided upon a single Plate. United States Patents Nos. 1,909,549 and 1,914,- 285 to J. R. Peirce. The specific accumulator utilized in the instant machine is substantially of the form shown and described in United States application to C, D. Lake, Serial No. 445,- 554, filed October 11, 1935.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, the accumulator drive shafts I2 carry and drive gears 24 which are in constant rotation. Meshing with each gear 24 is a gear 25 (see Figs. 4 and. 10) which is freely mounted bn a stud 26 secured in The plate 21, carries two of the gears 25 to provide fortwo denominational orders of an accumulating unit. As shown in Fig. 3, each of the plates 21 is slidably mounted in the supporting frame so that each plate can be withdrawn to de-mesh gears 25 from the driving gears 2d or replaced to enmesh the same therewith. In this manner, the plate 21 with the mechanism mounted thereon may be removed from the machine for repair or replacement.A v

As shown in Fig. 4, the gear 25 has staked or otherwise fastened thereto, a driving ratchet 23. The gear 25 and ratchet 28 are supported on a ball bearing 29 carried on stud 26 (see also Fig. It will be understood with the counter plate in position the gear 25 and the ratchet 2&3 are in constant rotation. Also mounted on stud 26 and supported on the ball bearing 36 is a collar 3i which has rigidly secured thereto an acculating disc 32 (see Fig. 5). The collar 3i also carries a ratchet 33 which is mounted for rotation upon the collar. clutch pawl 312i which is pivoted upon the disc upon stud 35. It will be understood that the pawl 3d lies in the plane of the driving ratchet 23 and that the ratchet 33 lies between the pawl 36 and its supporting disc 32. The ratchet 33 is Constructions of this type are shown in The disc 32 carries a' engaged from the driving` ratchet. gagement is brought about by lowering the exto the upper end of the pawl 34 and has connection with a pin 33 carried by the disc 32. This pin 38 also extends through a suitable opening 38a in the ratchet 33. Secured onpawl 34 is a pin 40 which-engages a camming surface 4I in ratchet 33. The relationship of the parts as shown in Fig. 6 where the pawl 34 is normally.

heldJ out of engagement with the ratchet 28, is due to the action of camming surface 4l against the pin 40. If the ratchet 33 is permitted to move counterclockwise with respect to the pivot point -of pawl 34 the camming surface 4I will move away from the pin 48 and permit the spring 38 of the pawl to rock the latter into engagement with the ratchet 28 so that the parts assume the relationship shown in Fig. 7.

The accumulating disc 32 is normally held by a detent arm 42 (Fig. 8)' which is normally urged in a counterclockwise direction by spring 43. With the disc 32 thus restrained against movement, the tension of thespring 38 tends to cause the pin 48 to act against the camming surface and urge the ratchet 33 in a counterclockwise direction. The ratchet 33 is provided with teeth 33a which may be engaged by a latch and extension 44, of a lever 48 (see Figs. 8 and 6).

If the extension 44 is raised out of engagement with .a tooth 33a, the ratchet 33 may then rock counterclockwise to permit the pawl 34 to move from the position of Fig. 6 to that of Fig. 7, thereby engaging the constantly rotating driving ratchet 28. Thereupon the accumulating disc 32 will be advanced until the pawl is again dis- This disen-l tension 44 Ainto the path of one of the teeth 33a, thus holdingthe ratchet 33 and causing its camming surface 4| to cam the pawl 34 out of engagement with the'driving ratchet.

The initial elevation of the extension 44 to permit clutching of the accumulating disc isconclockwise direction. The lever 48 is provided with a toggle mechanism for maintaining the lever in either position. This toggle com-prises a lever 50 pivoted at 5i to the plate 21 and comprising also a hairpin spring 52, one end of which is secured to the extremity of. the lever 58 and .the other end of which spring is secured to a pin 53 on lever 48. 'Lever 50 also has a pin and slot connection with the lever 48 at 54. Thus provided with an opening 36 through which the spacing sleeve 31 (see Figs. 6, '1 and 8) and its supporting pin extend. A springt is connected as the arm 48 is rocked clockwise under the ccntrol of the magnets 45, the pin and slot connection will cause the lever 58 to rock clockwise, throwing the toggle 50--52 across dead center to the position shown in Fig. 8, in which position the parts bwill -be held by the spring 52 until the lever 48 is rocked back to its initial position. This return rocking of the arm 48 may be ejfected by the magnet 49 or it may be mechanically brought aboutl by the counterclockwise rocking of a member 55 which is pivoted at'56 and which member has a lateral extension 51 extending above the end of the lever 48. The member 55 has its ldepending arms lying in the paths oi pins 58 which are carried by the driving gear 24 (see Fig. 4'). AAs the pins pass the end of 'the member 56, the latter is rocked counterclockwise and through its extension 51 (Fig.

8) will depress thearm totalise disengage-

Images