US2274584A - Soap composition - Google Patents

Soap composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US2274584A
US2274584A US163248A US16324837A US2274584A US 2274584 A US2274584 A US 2274584A US 163248 A US163248 A US 163248A US 16324837 A US16324837 A US 16324837A US 2274584 A US2274584 A US 2274584A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
soap
preparations
fatty acids
sodium
sodium carbonate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US163248A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Beller Hans
John J Owen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jasco Inc
Original Assignee
Jasco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jasco Inc filed Critical Jasco Inc
Priority to US163248A priority Critical patent/US2274584A/en
Priority to FR842985D priority patent/FR842985A/fr
Priority to GB26406/38A priority patent/GB509730A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2274584A publication Critical patent/US2274584A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D9/10—Salts
    • C11D9/12—Carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/005—Synthetic soaps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D9/10—Salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D9/10—Salts
    • C11D9/14—Phosphates; Polyphosphates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
    • Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents

Definitions

  • Our invention concerns preparations for the textile, laundry, detergent and related industries which are composed of or contain synthetic. fatty acids. Particularly, it i volves an improvement' in the sudsing power f such preparations.
  • synthetic fatty acids as such, or after a suitable purification, such as bleaching or distillation, may be converted into soaps.
  • the acids are commonly manufactured by the oxidation of natural or synthetic hydrocarbons of high molecular weight, such as mineral oil, paraffln wax, crude scale wax, paramn oil or oils containing the same. They represent a mixture of individual acids, the average of which has more than carbon atoms in its molecule.
  • borax sesquicarbonates, metaphosphates and hexametaphosphates of the alkali metals and ammonium, either alone or in mixtures of those salts, or mixtures of one or more of the above salts with any of the common soap builders, such as silicates, tribasic phosphate, carbonates, etc.
  • soap builders such as silicates, tribasic phosphate, carbonates, etc.
  • compositions containing the added salt in order to illustrate the distinction between compositions containing the added salt and those without it, we have ascertained, for example, that a synthetic fatty acid soap having incorporated with it 25% of a carbonate as a builder, requires 13 grams of built soap per gallon of washing liquid to achieve a stable sud; whereas only 5 grams of built soap are needed to gain a like sudsing effect and the same stability, if the builder comprises only 20% carbonate and 5% sodium pyrophosphate.
  • the appended table presents further illustrations.
  • the synthetic fatty acids which are the components of any of the preparations contemplated by our present invention, may be prepared by any known method as, for example, by oxidation of crude scale wax, by blowing with air or any other oxidizing gases, or by treatment with other chemical oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, chromic acid, etc., at any desired oxidation temperature between and 180 C., but preferably at from 'to C.
  • the oxidation reaction can take place at any suitable pressure, either atmospheric or below or above atmospheric pressure.
  • mixture of such wax with unsaponifiable material obtained from an oxidation product of hydrocarbons may be used as a charge to oxidation.
  • This mixture may consist of any suitable proportion of each. But we have found a mixture of 40 parts by weight of crude scale wax with 60 parts by weight of unsaponifiable matter a convenient one.
  • any other natural or synthetic non-aromatic hydrocarbon or mixture of such hydrocarbon containing 10 or more carbon atoms per molecule may be used asfeed to the oxidation step.
  • the synthetic hydrocarbons may be obtained, for example, by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide in the presence of catalyst under suitable pressures.
  • the crude acids obtained by this process are converted into soap, or the acids may be purified mercury are used.
  • Example 1.Crude scale wax is blown for 14 hours with air at 110 C. and in the presence of 0.1% potassium permanganate.
  • the oxidation product which has an acid number of 60 and a saponification number of 112, is saponified at 200 C. with a 20% solution of sodium carbonate, and subsequently diluted with water and isopropyl alcohol until a soap solution containing about 20% soap is obtained.
  • This soap solution is extracted with hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 80-120 C. in a countercurrent, packed, extraction tower where by maintaining a sumciently high volume ratio of gasoline to soap solution, the unsaponifiable material is essentially completely removed.
  • the isopropyl alcohol used in diluting the soap solution is recovered by distillation.
  • the extracted soap solution, free from unsaponifiable matter and alcohol, is acidified with sulfuric acid and the liberated fatty acids are separated and washed with water; 7 i
  • a soap which is light in color and possesses an agreeable odor
  • a 100% synthetic fatty acid soap to distinguish it from a mixed soap prepared as follows: (b) Twenty-five parts of the above synthetic fatty acid cut aresaponified together with 75 parts by weight of tallow fatty acids in a crutcher with thetheoretical amount of sodium hydroxide.
  • Such a soap will hereinafter be referred to as a mixed soap, and is to be understood to contain any suitable ratio of synthetic fatty acids to natural fatty acids useful as soap stock.
  • a mixed soap may be prepared by any mechanical mixture of soaps from synthetic fatty acids and soaps from natural fatty acids.
  • Example 2 Synthetic fatty acids are prepared as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 40 parts by weight of crude scale wax and 60 parts by weight of, unsaponifiable material obtained from an oxidation product of crude scale wax is oxidized with air at 115 C. in the presence of 0.4%
  • Example 4 A laundry bar soap, containing 15% sodium silicate and 10% sodium carbonate builder, is prepared from a kettle boiled soap ob' tained by saponifying a mixture of 75% by weight of tallow and 25% by weight of, distilled fatty acids as described in Example 1. In washing soiled, oil-stained cloth, 12 grams of this soap per gallon of washing solution are required to give stable suds in the washing operation. After rinsing, the washed cloth shows that satisfactory detergent action was obtained.
  • This laundry bar soap may quite generally be composedof a kettle boiled soap obtained by saponifying a mixture of at least 50% by weight of natural fats and at least5% by weight of fatty acids, manufactured by oxidizing solid paraffin hydrocarbons and having a boiling point range of from 150 to 280 C. at 8 mm. mercury pressure; a builder consisting of sodium silicate and sodium carbonate, and at least 1% sodium pyrophosphate.
  • Ezample 5 A soap is made in the kettle by saponifying synthetic fatty acids as described in Example 2 with caustic alkali, and run while hot into the crutcher where it is thoroughly mixed with a concentrated. solution of soda ash and then with a concentrated solution of sodium pyrophosphate.
  • the mixture is then run over the coarse particles going to a grinder and the finer portion being packed.
  • the finished product contains 30% synthetic fatty acid soap, 50% sodium carbonate and 20% sodium pyrophosphate.
  • a solution containing 15 grams of this mixture per gallon gives satisfactory results in dishwashing as far as cleansing action and suds? covered and soaps prepared from them after dis-' 1 tillation as described in Example 1.
  • Similar batches of synthetic fatty acids may be prepared from any suitable mixture of crude scale wax and unsaponiflable material-obtained from an oxidation product ofcrude scale wax.
  • Example 3 Synthetic fatty acids are prepared as in Example 2 except that crude scale wax is oxidized at 140 C. in the presence of 03% manganese naphthenate and 0.2% sodium carbonate catalyst. Soaps are prepared as in Example 1 (a) or (b).
  • Example 6 A soap powder such as is described in Example 5 ismixed with 60% powdered pumice and used as a scouring powder. The quality of this scouring powder is considerably improved when the builder present .in the soap powder used contains preponderant quantities of borax or pyrophosphate.
  • the soaps prepared by the above methods were tested by the following procedure: A solution of known concentration was prepared by dissolving the desired quantity of soap or soap plus-builder in water at 12926. in orderto give solution are used to obtain the desired soap concentration for the test. One gallon of water of '7 grains hardness per gallon is placed in a pan of approximately 3 gallon capacity and is heated to 115 F. for the test. A measured amount of the standard soap solution is added to give the soap or soap and builder concentration desired for the test. After mixing and allowing to stand for one minute, the test solution is agitated rapidly by a back and forth movement of the hand for one minute. The figures given represent. the concentration of real soap plus builder, in grams per gallon, necessary to give pan of suds after standing 3 minutes.
  • a laundry bar soap comprising a watersoluble, kettle-boiling soap-obtained by saponifying a mixture of at least by weight of acids, manufactured by oxidizing solid paraflin hydrocarbons and having a boiling point range of from 150-280 C. at 8 mm. mercury pressure, a builder consisting of sodium silicate and'sodium carbonate, and as a Ioamstabilizer at least 1% sodium pyrophosphate.
  • a laundry bar soap comprising a watersolub1e, kettle-boiled soap obtained by saponifying a mixture of by weight of tallow and 25% by weight of synthetic fatty acid manufactured by oxidizing crude scale wax to an acid number of 60 and a saponiflcation number of 112 and having a boiling point range of from -180 C. at 8 mm. mercury pressure, a builder consisting or 15% sodium silicate and 10% sodium carbonate. and as a foam stabilizer sodium pyrophosphate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
US163248A 1937-09-10 1937-09-10 Soap composition Expired - Lifetime US2274584A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US163248A US2274584A (en) 1937-09-10 1937-09-10 Soap composition
FR842985D FR842985A (fr) 1937-09-10 1938-09-05 Préparations à base d'acides gras synthétiques
GB26406/38A GB509730A (en) 1937-09-10 1938-09-09 Preparations containing soaps of synthetic fatty acids

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US163248A US2274584A (en) 1937-09-10 1937-09-10 Soap composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2274584A true US2274584A (en) 1942-02-24

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US163248A Expired - Lifetime US2274584A (en) 1937-09-10 1937-09-10 Soap composition

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2274584A (fr)
FR (1) FR842985A (fr)
GB (1) GB509730A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4139486A (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-02-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Built detergent composition

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR960002629B1 (ko) * 1987-06-25 1996-02-24 가오 가부시끼가이샤 금속 세정제
ES2359326B1 (es) * 2009-10-06 2012-03-30 Luis Antonio Romero Suarez Jabã“n especial para personas que manejan armas de fuego.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4139486A (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-02-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Built detergent composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB509730A (en) 1939-07-20
FR842985A (fr) 1939-06-22

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