US2276322A - Photographic emulsions - Google Patents
Photographic emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2276322A US2276322A US349296A US34929640A US2276322A US 2276322 A US2276322 A US 2276322A US 349296 A US349296 A US 349296A US 34929640 A US34929640 A US 34929640A US 2276322 A US2276322 A US 2276322A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- polyvinyl
- silver halide
- photographic
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 58
- -1 silver halides Chemical class 0.000 description 59
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Natural products CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic aldehyde Natural products CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMZHZAAOEWVPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(O)CO KMZHZAAOEWVPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OSWRVYBYIGOAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)C(O)=O OSWRVYBYIGOAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001513 alkali metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001516 alkali metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RFAKLMBNSZNUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;isothiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[N-]=C=S RFAKLMBNSZNUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/053—Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
Definitions
- This invention relates to non-gelatin photographic emulsions in which the silver. halide has been dispersed and which are sensitized by sulfur compounds.
- Gelatin has ordinarily been employed as the protective colloid for the light-sensitive silver halides in photographic emulsions due to its ability to hold these salts in suspension, its good water permeability, its, insolubility in photographic developing solutions at ordinary temperatures andits ability to form a thin coating of the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion upon a film support.
- Gelatin however, has some disadvantages, such as its susceptibility to attack by organisms and because of its natural source, variation in its properties.
- Other protective colloids have been suggested for use instead of gelatin and some of these have been satisfactory in particular connections. For instance, cellulose nitrate has been found useful in wet-plate processes.
- One .object of my invention is to prepare non-gelatin photographic emulsions having a high sensitivity. Other objects of my invention will appear herein.
- the emulsions in accordance with my invention are prepared by first precipitating the silver halide in an aqueous solution of. a dispersing agent containing amino nitrogen.
- the compounds, which are suitable for this purpose must be either water soluble or soluble in a liquid containing a major proportion of water, must be non-diiiusible and of high molecular weight, and must be compatible with the protective colloid employed. It must, of course, have the power of preventing the agglomeration of the particles of silver halide when they form.
- Such substances will be referred to herein as amino-nitrogencontaining silver halide dispersing agents.
- the water-soluble amino cellulose compounds such as those in which an alkyl amino is combined with cellulose acetate in such'proportions that combined with cellulose acetate, the alkylamine' Q may'be combined with cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate lactate or some other cellulose derivative which may be combined therewith.
- Compounds of this type and their preparation are described and claimed in an application of Delbert D. Reynolds and William O. Kenyon Serial No. 349,222, filed of even date.
- the amino derivatives of resins are also suitable for use in this connection.
- the amino aectals of polyvinyl alcohol may be employed for this purpose.
- resins which are suitable in this connection are the dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde acetals of polyvinyl alcohol.
- the materials or this nature, which may be employed, and their process of preparation are described and claimed in Swan application Serial No. 349,229, filed of even date. Any of the compounds listed in that application, providing they have the necessary properties as specified, are suitable for use. Any other amino-nitrogen-containing compounds; which come withinthe qualifications set out, are suitable for preparing emulsions in accordance with my invention.
- any of the non-gelatin materials found to be useful for this purpose may be employed.
- the far-hydrolyzed cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate having an acetyl content of 19-26%, may be employed.
- polyvinyl acetaldehyde having a polyvinyl acetal content of at least and a polyvinyl alcohol content of at least 15%, as described and claimed in Fordyce application Serial No. 221,584 filed case of the hydrolyzed po 1 acetates, those having a vinyl acetate content within the range of 59-71% have been found to besuitable as carriers for light-sensitive silver halides in photographic emulsions. as described and claimed in "my applications Serial N08. 318,559 and 318,560 -filed February 12, 1940.
- sensitized gelatin emulsions are also useful in the preparing of photographic emulsions in accordance with my invention.
- the sulfur sensitizers may be added during the preparation of the emulsion or to the emulsion after it is prepared. One point at which it might be added is after the washing of the emulsion and Just before'coating it upon the support. If the sensitizer is added at this point, sometimes its effect is increased by heat treatment or "flnishing of the emulsion. Howeventhesulfur sensitizing compound may be added during the preparation of the emulsion and its eflect on speed and contrast may be increasedby heat treatment of the emulsion, such as after washing of the emulsion.
- the sulfur sensitizing may be applied either to washed or unwashed emulsions.
- Example I i 50 parts of a 1.5% solution of diethanolamin cellulose acetate in water was heated to 80 F. Solutions A and B, having a temperature of 80 It, were added simultaneously over a period of three minutes with rapid stirring.
- Solution A is 10 parts of 50% aqueous silver nitrate.
- Solution 8 is 10 parts of 40% potassium bromide and 0.5 part of 25% potassium iodide in water.
- Example III 100 parts or a 1.5% solution of diethanolamine cellulose acetate was heated to 80 F. Solutions A and B at 80 F. were added simultaneously over a period of 3 minutes with rapid stirring.
- Solution A parts of 50% silver nitrate using water as the solvent.
- Solution B --20 parts of 40% potassium bromide and one part of potassium iodide using water as the solvent. 7
- Example 11 Silver halide was precipitated in a solution of diethanolaminc cellulose acetate in the manner described in Example I. Two parts of 10% potassium thiocyanate was added and the emulsion was heatedfor 20 minutes at 104 F. parts of a 10% solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added. The emulsion was heated to F. and 1% parts of gallic acid in 5 parts of ethyl alcohol was stirred in. The emulsion was gelled, shredded washed and pressed to a weight of parts. It was dissolved in a mixture of the following solvents:
- the emulsions, prepared in accordance with my invention, may be coated upon a supporting material, such as paper, or on a film support, such as cellulose ester or resin sheeting, to give a photographic product which is highly suitable for use where an emulsion of good speed is required.
- the silver halide portion of the emulsion is ordinarily prepared by reacting together' a water solution of silver nitrate and an aqueous solution of an alkali-metal bromide, chloride or iodide or a mixture of any of these. The process is carried out under agitated conditions so that the particle size of the precipitate is minute.
- the photographic silver halide emulsions of my invention may also be dye-sensitized in the same manner as are silver halide emulsions generally. This is ordinarily accomplished with my emulsions by thoroughly incorporating a small amount of sensitizing dye therein after the emulsion is prepared.
- sensitizers which may be employed in the emulsions described herein, are the cyanines or the sensitizing dyes disclosed in the following patents: U. S. 2,078,233, Brooker, April 27, 1937; U. 8. 2,166,730, White et al., July 18, 1939; U. 8. 2,186,608, Keyes, Jan. 9, 1940; and U. S.
- gelled polyvinyl alcohols are very suitable for use.- For instance, in Examples I and II the polyvinyl alcohol was gelled with gallic acid to form an emulsion which could 'be readily washed. A further description of gelled polyvinyl alcohols, which are suitable emulsions, such as by employing a spreading machine to assure the formation of a uniform coatmg on the film support.
- an aminonitrogen dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble amino carbohydrate dispersing agents and the water-soluble amino-resin dispersing agents, carried by polyvinyl alcohol as the protective colloid and sensitized by a sulfur sensitizer.
- a photographic material which comprises a support having thereon a coating of a silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide dispersed by an amino-nitrogen dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble amino carbohydrate dispersing agents and the water-soluble amino-resin dispersing agents, carried by a protective colloid selected from the group consisting of the organic acid esters of cellulose having an acyl content of 19-26%, the polyvinyl 'acetaldehyde acetals having a polyvinyl acetal content of at least 50% and a polyvinyl alcohol content of at least 15%, the polyvinyl propionaldehyde acetals having a vinyl-alcohol content of 45-60%, the polyvinyl polyvinyl acetates having a polyvinyl acetate content of 59-71%, and sensitized by a sulfur sensitizer.
- an amino-nitrogen dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble amino carbo
- a photographic film comprising a cellulose ester film base having a coating thereon of a silver halide photographic emulsion comprising least the polyvinyl propionaldehyde acetals having a vinyl alcohol content of -60%, the polyvinyl butyraldehyde acetals having a vinyl alcohol content of 60-80%, the polyvinyl alcohols and the polyvinyl acetates having a polyvinyl acetate content of 59-71%, and sensitized by a sulfur sensitizer.
- a method of preparing a photographic silver halide emulsion which comprises preparing silver halide in an aqueous solution of an amino-nitrogen dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble amino carbohydrate dispersing agents and the water-soluble content of 19-26%, the polyvinyl acetaldehyde butyraldehyde acetals having a vinyl alcohol content of 60-80%, the polyvinyl alcohols and the polyvinyl acetates having a polyvinyl acetate content of 59-71%, and sensitized by a sulfur sensitizer.
- an amino-nitrogen dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble amino carbohydrate dispersing agents and the water-soluble content of 19-26%
- the polyvinyl acetaldehyde butyraldehyde acetals having a vinyl alcohol content of 60-80%
- the polyvinyl alcohols and the polyvinyl acetates having a polyvinyl a
- Av photographic paper comprising paper sheeting having a coating of a silver halide emulsion thereon which emulsion comprises a silver acetals having a polyvinyl acetal content of at least50% and a polyvinyl alcohol content of at least 15%, the polyvinyl propionaldehyde acetals having a vinyl alcohol content of 45-60%, the polyvinyl butyraldehyde acetals having a vinyl alcohol content of -80%, the polyvinyl alcohols and the polyvinyl acetates having a polyvinyl acetate content of 59-71% and a sulfur sensitizer.
- a method of preparing a photographic silver halide emulsion which comprises preparing silver halide in an aqueous solution of an amino-nitrogen silver halide dispersing agent consisting of an alkyl amine combined with a lower fatty acid ester of, cellulose, followed by mixing the dispersionwith an aqueous solution of cellulose acetate having an acetyl content of.19-26% and a sulfur sensitizer.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US349296A US2276322A (en) | 1940-08-01 | 1940-08-01 | Photographic emulsions |
| FR945149D FR945149A (fr) | 1940-08-01 | 1945-08-03 | émulsions photographiques |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US349296A US2276322A (en) | 1940-08-01 | 1940-08-01 | Photographic emulsions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2276322A true US2276322A (en) | 1942-03-17 |
Family
ID=23371754
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US349296A Expired - Lifetime US2276322A (en) | 1940-08-01 | 1940-08-01 | Photographic emulsions |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2276322A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR945149A (fr) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425363A (en) * | 1943-06-23 | 1947-08-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Procedure for fixing nongelating emulsions and improved nongelatin emulsion fixing baths |
| US2436138A (en) * | 1944-11-27 | 1948-02-17 | Du Pont | Photographic emulsions of silver salts in hydrophilic polymers of 1, 3-dioxolane |
| US2484456A (en) * | 1946-03-02 | 1949-10-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method for preparing photographic emulsions |
| US2541474A (en) * | 1946-07-22 | 1951-02-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions using polyacrylamide peptizers |
| US2565418A (en) * | 1947-08-13 | 1951-08-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of preparing photographic silver halide emulsions |
| US2675316A (en) * | 1949-04-14 | 1954-04-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic elements containing mordants |
| US2739059A (en) * | 1952-08-12 | 1956-03-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Modification of hydroxyl containing polyvinyl resin treated with an amino acetal as a silver halide binder |
| US2860986A (en) * | 1956-08-31 | 1958-11-18 | Eastman Kodak Co | Partially acetalized polyvinyl alcohol containing active halogen |
-
1940
- 1940-08-01 US US349296A patent/US2276322A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1945
- 1945-08-03 FR FR945149D patent/FR945149A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425363A (en) * | 1943-06-23 | 1947-08-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Procedure for fixing nongelating emulsions and improved nongelatin emulsion fixing baths |
| US2436138A (en) * | 1944-11-27 | 1948-02-17 | Du Pont | Photographic emulsions of silver salts in hydrophilic polymers of 1, 3-dioxolane |
| US2484456A (en) * | 1946-03-02 | 1949-10-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method for preparing photographic emulsions |
| US2541474A (en) * | 1946-07-22 | 1951-02-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions using polyacrylamide peptizers |
| US2565418A (en) * | 1947-08-13 | 1951-08-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of preparing photographic silver halide emulsions |
| US2675316A (en) * | 1949-04-14 | 1954-04-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic elements containing mordants |
| US2739059A (en) * | 1952-08-12 | 1956-03-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Modification of hydroxyl containing polyvinyl resin treated with an amino acetal as a silver halide binder |
| US2860986A (en) * | 1956-08-31 | 1958-11-18 | Eastman Kodak Co | Partially acetalized polyvinyl alcohol containing active halogen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR945149A (fr) | 1949-04-26 |
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