US2276417A - Electric amplifier circuits - Google Patents

Electric amplifier circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
US2276417A
US2276417A US232676A US23267638A US2276417A US 2276417 A US2276417 A US 2276417A US 232676 A US232676 A US 232676A US 23267638 A US23267638 A US 23267638A US 2276417 A US2276417 A US 2276417A
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United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
current
multiplying
tube
anode
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US232676A
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English (en)
Inventor
Preisach Ferenc
Zakarias Imre
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VER GLUHLAMPEN und ELEK CITATS
VEREINIGTE GLUHLAMPEN und ELEKTRICITATS AG
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VER GLUHLAMPEN und ELEK CITATS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/02—Tubes in which one or a few electrodes are secondary-electron emitting electrodes
    • H01J43/025—Circuits therefor

Definitions

  • V V ELECTRIC AMPL FIER CIRCUIT I Filed Sept. 30, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 we): in ma I Jlttmmys 3 Sheets-Sheet F. PREISACH ETAL ELECTRIC AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT Filed Sept 30,- 1938 March 17, 1942.
  • Amplifier tubes having an electron multiplying action are known as electron multiplier tubes.
  • the primary electrons emitted by a cathode are controlled by a control. grid and accelerated by a screen grid, whereupon they impinge on a multiplying electrode and there give rise to a secondary emission, the relatively large number of secondary electrons thus released passing to the working anode.
  • the present invention relates to the use of tubes of this kind in amplifier circuits, but it is not concerned with the construction of the tubes themselves or of the multiplying electrodes which they contain. Thus the tubes hereinafter re-.
  • the no-load voltage of the source must not, exceed the working voltage 0A.
  • the working voltage of the multiplying electrode must be less than the anode voltage, it is an obvious expedient to obtain the voltage of the multiplying electrode from the higher anode voltage by means of a voltage ditive current, i. e. the incandescent cathode and the positively charged multiplying electrode.
  • the dimensioning of the voltage divider is determined in accordance with the forc going considerations, by the fact that under no load (when the electrode is carrying no current) the voltage of the multiplying electrode exceeds input circuit, 9 is the cathode resistance, it and I 3 are decoupling condensers, and ii and 82 are resistances which constitute the voltage divider Fig. 1, in the usual way, from the reciprocal value of the slope of the straight line CDE, indicating the critical resistance.
  • the working point C can be adjusted either by using a source .of voltage 0A, the internal resistance of which is practicallyzero. or else by using a smaller voltage OB and a series resistance, the value of which is'indicated by the straight line BC. 'The limit for stable working is the use of a source of voltage OD in conjunction with a resistance graphically depicted by the straight line CDE.
  • the voltage divider for feeding the multiplying electrode is constituted by. the resistances E7 and it, the resistance it being provided with an alternating current shunt.
  • the condenser is.
  • the input is denoted byI, I and the output joy 0. 0'. of the incandescent cathode need not be described but an indirectly heated cathode is shown.
  • the source of voltage is connected to the terminals -V,, V.
  • the voltage divider in accordance with this invention will now be described. If, for example; the voltage of the source The minimum no-load voltage OD tobe' furof of energy amounts to 400 volts, the voltage on the Also, I is the grid leak resistance, 8 is the coupling condenser in the The heating eter or voltage divider must be 177,000 ohms, the
  • component resistances l1 and I6 having the values 35,400 ohms and 141,600 ohms, respectively and the consumption will be 0.4 watt. It the working of the tube is to be made less dependentupon the current, taken by the multiplying electrode, the resistances must be smaller and the no-loadvoltage higher, in which case the consumption of energy will be greater.
  • the multiplying electrodes may work in parallel with a voltage source'such' as a mains rectifier to supply direct current energy for the same consumers;
  • V +V' a separate source or voltage V +V' is provided for the supply to the anodes of the multiexample, assuming that'the operating voltages plier tubes, so that a series resistance becomes superfluous. If the current consumption of the ordinary electron tube or tubes is too mjaall, it
  • the ordinary commercial amplifier tubes show deviation in the sense that the anode-current grid-voltage curves tend to parallel displacement around a certain grid voltage value.
  • the shifting or displacement of the working point caused in this way is partially compensated by not using a fixed grid bias but making the grid biasing voltage proportional to the cathode current.
  • This condition is easily attained by using a cathode resistance, the voltage drop in which provides the grid bias.
  • the anode current is derived only in part from the primary cathode current and is due mainly to the current of the multiplying electrode.
  • fluctuations of the primary current would be compensated, but not those of the secondary current.
  • the voltage divider formed by the resistances I and 34 determines the voltage of the control grid in relation to the negative terminal V of the source of voltage.
  • Amplifier circuits according to this invention can with advantage be incorporated in television receiving apparatus and in such cases the source of voltage for the anodes of the electron multipliers can be used simultaneously for supplying the defiectors or sweep voltage devices for line and frame scanning in the picture tube.
  • An amplifier circuit including at least one.
  • said amplifier circuit further including one or more amplifier tubes following said multiplier tube, characterized by the fact that said circuit is provided with means constituting a voltage divider for the D. C.
  • the multiplying electrode of said tube and with means constituting a voltage divider for the screen'grid voltage thereof, the first-named divider being so proportioned or dimensioned and operable that for zero current in said multiplying electrode the accelerating voltage on the same has a value which exceeds fifty volts with reference to the emissivesource, but is less than the working voltage 'for said multiplying electrode, said multiplying electrode being connected with the anodes, of said amplifier tubes in such a way that the current yielded by the multiplying electrode is used in part or wholly for the supply of anode direct current to other amplifier tubes placed in the circuit.
  • An amplifier circuit including also a source of direct current connected in parallel with a multiplying electrode of a multiplier tube so that the multiplying electrode and the source of direct current act as parallel sources of energy for at least one conventional amplifier tube in the amplifier circuit.
  • An amplifier circuit including at least one electron multiplier tube therein having an .emissive source of primary electrons, a control grid, a screen grid, a multiplying electrode, and an output anode, together with means for heating said-emissive source, characterized by the fact that said circuit is provided with means constituting 'a voltage divider for the feed to the multiplying electrode of said tube and with means constituting a voltage divider for the screen grid voltage thereof, the first-named.
  • said circuit including also at least one other amplifying tube connected with said multiplier-tube, said other'amplifying tube having.
  • An amplifier circuit including therein at least one electron multiplier tube having each atleast one multiplying electrode, an emissive source of primary electrons together with means for heating said source, a control grid, an accelerating grid and an output anode, said amplifier circuit further including at least one conventional amplifier, and said multiplying 'electrode being connected with the anode of said conventional amplifier, further characterized by the fact that said circuit is provided with means constituting a voltage divider for the feed of potential to said multiplying electrode of the v said tube, the said voltage divider being so proportioned or dimensioned and arranged that for zero current in said multiplying electrodeof said tube the accelerating voltage on the same has a value which exceeds fifty volts with reference to the emissive source, but is less than the working voltage for said multiplying electrode, the current yielded by said multiplying electrode being used in part or 'wholly for the supply of anode direct current to said connected amplifier.
  • An amplifier circuit including therein at least one electron multiplier tube having at least one multiplying electrode connected with the anode of at least one conventional amplifier included also therein, a common sourceof anode direct current for said multiplier tube and said amplifier, said circuit being characterized by the fact that it is provided with means constituting a voltage divider for the feed of potential to sai'djmultiplying electrodeof the said multiplier tube and with means constituting :1.
  • voltage divider also for the screen grid voltage of said tube, the first-named voltage divider being so proportioned or dimensioned and operably arranged that for zero current in said multiplying electrode of said tube the accelerating voltage on the same has a value which exceeds fifty volts with reference to the emissive source, but
  • An amplifier circuit including therein at least one electron multiplier tube having at least one multiplying electrode connected with the anode of at least one conventional amplifier included also therein, a separate source of anode direct current for said amplifier, said circuit being characterized by the fact that it is provided with means constituting a voltage divider for the feed of potential to said multiplying electrode of the said multiplier tube and with means constituting a voltage divider also for the screen grid voltage of said tube, the first-named voltage divider being so proportioned or dimensioned and operably arranged that for zero current in said multiplying electrode of said tube the accelerating voltage on the same has a value which exceeds fifty volts with reference to the emissive source, but is less than the working voltage for said multiplying electrode, said multiplying electrode being connected with the anode of said amplifier tube in such a way that the current yielded by the multiplying electrode is used in part or wholly for the supply of anode direct current to said connected amplifier.
  • An amplifier circuit having therein at least one electron multiplier tube and at least one other amplifier tube, characterized by a provision of means in said circuit for effecting the feed to the multiplying electrodes of said tube in such a way that for zero current in the said multiplying electrodes the accelerating voltage on the latter has a value which exceeds fifty volts with reference to the primary cathode in the case of a single or the first multiplying electrode and with reference to the preceding multiplying electrode in the case of successive multiplying electrodes, but is less than the working voltage for said multiplying electrodes, said multiplying electrodes being connected to the anode of said amplifier tube in such a way that the direct current yielded by the multiplying electrodes is used wholly or in part for the supply of anode direct current to other said amplifying tube.
  • An amplifier circuit according to claim 1 including also an auxiliary resistance connected in parallel with the anode circuit of a conventional amplifier tube receiving anode direct current from a multiplying electrode of a multiplier tube, whereby to ensure stable operating conditions in which the total current consumption in all operating circumstances adequately exceeds the current delivered by the multiplying electrode.
  • An amplifier circuit including a'plurality oi electron multiplier tubes each having an emis sive source of primary electrons, a control grid, an accelerating grid, a multiplying electrode. and an output anode, together with means for heating said emissive source, said amplifier circuit further including an ordinary amplifier tube employed as an output tube, the energy supplying circuits of said multiplier tubes being connected in parallel with the anode feed circuit of trodes, the parallel connection of the energy supplying circuits of said multiplier tubes with the anode feed circuit of said ordinary amplifying tube constituting one part of said voltage divider and the other part thereof being constituted by an ohmic resistance such for example as the field coil of a loud speaker, the positive terminal of the D. C, supply being connected through the ohmic resistance to the common supply point of the tubes.
  • An amplifier circuit wherein an additional source of voltage is provided for th anodes of the multiplier tubes.
  • An amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein a grid biasing resistance is included in the anode circuit of the multiplier tube and-the multiplying electrode is connected to the emissive source of primary electrons through said resistance of such a size that the values of the grid bias to the variations of the multiplying electrode current so as to attain stable conditions.

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  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US232676A 1937-09-30 1938-09-30 Electric amplifier circuits Expired - Lifetime US2276417A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE211193X 1937-09-30

Publications (1)

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US2276417A true US2276417A (en) 1942-03-17

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Family Applications (1)

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US232676A Expired - Lifetime US2276417A (en) 1937-09-30 1938-09-30 Electric amplifier circuits

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US (1) US2276417A (de)
CH (1) CH211193A (de)
FR (1) FR844082A (de)
GB (1) GB520882A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2497640A (en) * 1943-08-04 1950-02-14 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Secondary emission amplifying tube circuit
US2589173A (en) * 1948-10-22 1952-03-11 Rca Corp Power supply circuit for multiplier vacuum tubes
US2920251A (en) * 1955-02-28 1960-01-05 Bernard A Sobel Amplifying system
WO1991014878A1 (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-10-03 Automotive Products Plc A friction clutch
GB2256240A (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-12-02 Automotive Prod Plc A friction clutch

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2798903A (en) * 1951-03-16 1957-07-09 Henry M Spencer Signal amplification system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2497640A (en) * 1943-08-04 1950-02-14 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Secondary emission amplifying tube circuit
US2589173A (en) * 1948-10-22 1952-03-11 Rca Corp Power supply circuit for multiplier vacuum tubes
US2920251A (en) * 1955-02-28 1960-01-05 Bernard A Sobel Amplifying system
WO1991014878A1 (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-10-03 Automotive Products Plc A friction clutch
GB2256240A (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-12-02 Automotive Prod Plc A friction clutch
GB2256240B (en) * 1990-03-29 1993-09-29 Automotive Products Plc A friction clutch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR844082A (fr) 1939-07-18
CH211193A (de) 1940-08-31
GB520882A (en) 1940-05-07

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