US2279062A - High frequency signaling system - Google Patents

High frequency signaling system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2279062A
US2279062A US668595A US66859533A US2279062A US 2279062 A US2279062 A US 2279062A US 668595 A US668595 A US 668595A US 66859533 A US66859533 A US 66859533A US 2279062 A US2279062 A US 2279062A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
transmission line
phase
current
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US668595A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roder Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US668595A priority Critical patent/US2279062A/en
Priority to FR772462D priority patent/FR772462A/fr
Priority to DEI49590D priority patent/DE614262C/de
Priority to GB12988/34A priority patent/GB442003A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2279062A publication Critical patent/US2279062A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/022—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart

Definitions

  • My invention relates to high frequency signaling systems and more particularly to antenna systems of the directive type.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide means whereby current supplied from a common source to diiferent antennae may be automatically maintained in desired phase relation irrespective of variations in constants of the different antennae.
  • Fig. 1 represents a beacon system to which my invention may be applied;
  • Fig. 2 Illustrates a modification thereof
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate certain characteristics of my invention.
  • Fig. 1 a plurality of antennae I, 2, 3, and 4 which may be arranged at the corners of a square, for example, and energized from a common transmitting station 5 located at the center of the square.
  • the transmitting station is represented as having two output circuits 6 and I, the output circuit 6 being connected to transmission lines 8 and 9 of equal length leading through transformers Ill and II respectively to antennae 3 and I, which are located at diagonally opposite corners of the square.
  • the output circuit 1 leads through similar transmission lines I2 and I3 of equal length and transformers I5 and IE to antennae 2 and 4 arranged at the remaining pair of diagonally opposite corners.
  • the system is so adjusted that variations in capacity of the difierent antennae do not influence the phase relation between currents in the different antennae with the result that the courses laid out remain in fixed position.
  • both of these quantities may be expressed in terms of the current Ix flowing in the primary of the transformer I5, the fixed constants of the system, and the antenna tuning which varies with the extraneous conditions. These expressions may then be investigated to determine the proper tuning of the system relative to the fixed constants of the system to render the relation between antenna current Ia and the voltage E1 supplied to the transmission line independent of variations in antenna capacity.
  • the surge impedance on account of the high frequency, is a pure resistance and may be designated Z. It can readily be shown that to terminate the transmission line in its surge impedance, the following relations must apply:
  • Xm is the mutual reactance of transformer l5
  • R is the total resistance of antenna circuit
  • X20 is the total reactance of the antenna circuit under normal conditions
  • Xz is the reactance of the antenna circuit reflected into the primary of the transformer
  • Xp is the total reactance of that portion of the primary circuit of the transformer at the leftof the line. designated in the drawing Ex, Ix. It will be noted that this value Xp includes the reactance of condenser I? which is'inserted for the purpose of securing a desired value of the quantity Xp, as will later be explained.
  • XL represents the total inductive reactance" of the antenna circuit at any instant
  • Xe represents the total capacitive reactance o fthe antenna circuit under normal conditions
  • Xdc represents the instantaneous change in capacity of the antenna circuit due to extraneous influences
  • w 21rf where f is the frequency to be radiated.
  • Eiipressio s as follows for current, In in the. primary of transformer 55, andantenna current It, may readily be derived:
  • 0 represents the length of the transmission line expressed in degrees, i. e. in terms or phase displacement between voltages E1 which is supplied to the transmissionline and. the voltage Ex at the remote end of the transmission. line, it being assumed that the line is. terminat id into its surge impedance.
  • E1 4' Gasman t +am a) (it cos 1// i 29, +1 R In Equations 10-, I l and 12 the brilyvariable is y. From Eq ation 4 rte-an be that'thi's variable is a runcnon of the change iiiantenna capacity from the normal onta ner-'1.”
  • Equations 10 and 1-2 are hence the d'si-tedxpressions referring the antenna on rent; the supplied voltage E1 respective rentIx in the primaryof the trahsfdrrner; expressions indicate these relations in and amplitude,
  • the manner in the 'ntenna current It varies with respect tq the-subs plied voltage E1 upon var at ons: antenna ca hacity; and the] proper tuning of the antenna; tof minimize this variation, may now b determined.
  • These equations may readily be solved graph ical'ly.
  • Fig. 4 are shown a family of curves determined in this way and expressing the relation between the angle and the percentage change in antenna capacity. In obtaining these curves the following constants were assumed:
  • Equations 10 and 12 the voltage E 1 and current jIa will be in phase irrespective of the value of 11. But this term is equal to zero when ⁇ //:*0.
  • This general relationship is also apparent from Fig. 3 since if the vector 005 w (tan +tan 0) be made equal to zero the vector E1 will fall upon :iIa; i. e. E1 and jIa are in phase irrespective of the value of y.
  • Each of the antennae circuits includes a load coil 3 which may be employed to efiect this desired tuning.
  • the condenser I! is employed in the primary circuit to tune out the reactive component of the antenna impedance which is reflected through the transformer thereby to terminate the transmission line in its surge impedance.
  • the efiect of the tuning of the antenna to displace the antenna current and induced volt age is, in other words, to insert an impedance into the system such that upon any change in reactance of the antenna a reactive impedance is presented to the transmission line which causes the voltage E5; to vary in phase with respect to the voltage E1 by an amount just suflicient to maintain the current Ia in constant phase relation with respect to the voltage E1. That is, the intermediate electrical variables Ex, I1: and induced voltage in the antenna all vary by amounts just sufficient to maintain the desired constant phase relation between Ia and E1.
  • the artificial transmission line should have an electrical length equal to p to maintain constant the phase relation and magnitude of the antenna currents.
  • the artificial transmission line should be so designed that its input and output impedances are equal and so that its input and output voltages are equal. Since the theory whereby such a network may be designed and constructed is well known, it will not be considered here.
  • the line may be of the T form, as illustrated, in which the series elements may be inductive and the shunt element capacitive if the angle (+p) is to be greater than 0 or the series elements may be capacitive and the shunt element inductive if the angle (0+ is to be less than 0.
  • Equations 7 above are derived upon the assumption that the attenuation of the transmission line is negligible the results above attained are accurate only when such assumption is proper. In most practical cases, however, they are sufliciently accurate. If it be assumed that the attenuation is not negligible, as for example, in cases whereunderg'roundcable is employed, then the Equations 7 take on the following form:
  • E1 EI cosh ar-I-IeZ sinh an: 4 (13)
  • am attenuation of line measured in nepers.
  • a transmission line an antenna
  • a coupling between the antenna and transmission line arranged to terminate the transmission line in its surge impedance, and. means of such nature that said antenna is detuned from the operating frequency by an amount determined in accordance with the length of said transmission line.
  • a transmission line an antenna
  • a coupling between said transmission line and antenna whereby voltage is supplied from said line to said antenna, means so to tune the antenna that the current flowing therein is displaced in phase from the voltage induced therein by an amount substantially equal to the electrical length of the transmission line, and said coupling having an input impedance equal to the surge impedance of the transmission line.
  • a transmission line an antenna
  • a transformer connected between the antenna and transmission line, means so to tune the antenna that the current flowing therein is displaced in phase from the voltage induced in the secondary Winding of said transformer by an amount determined in accordance with the length of said transmission line, and means including said transformer to terminate said transmission line in its surge impedance.
  • an antenna a source of high frequency oscillations, a transmission line connecting said source with said antenna, and means to maintain a constant phase relation between the current in said antenna and the voltage supplied to said transmission line by said source during variations in capacitance of said antenna, said means being efiective to maintain said constant phase relation irrespective of the magnitude of said variations in capacitance.
  • source of oscillations an antenna
  • a transmission line extending between said source and said antenna
  • means normally to terminate said transmission line in its surge im pedance and means to cause the voltage supplied to the antenna by said transmission line to vary in phase, in instantaneous response to changes in reactance of the antenna, sufiiciently to maintain the antenna current in a constant phase relation with respect to the voltage supplied to the transmission line.
  • a directive radiation system comprising a plurality of spaced radiators, of means to maintain constant the field pattern produced by said radiators, said means comprising a common source of oscillations, transmission lines extending from said common source to each of said radiators, and means continuously efiective to maintain the current in each radiator in constant phase relation with respect to the voltage produced by said source.
  • an antenna a transmission line, a coupling between said transmission line and antenna, and means so arranged that upon any change in capacity of said antenna a corresponding change occurs in impedance reflected from said antenna through said coupling means to said transmission line, said change being just sufficient to vary the phase of the voltage supplied to the antenna by a proper amount to maintain the antenna current in a constant phase relation with respect to the voltage supplied to the transmission line.
  • an antenna a transmission line, a coupling between said transmission line and antenna, and means operable through said coupling means to control the voltage supplied by said transmission line to maintain the phase of the antenna current constant irrespective of changes in antenna capacity.
  • an antenna and a transmission line coupled thereto, said transmission line having an electrical length equal to the normal phase displacement between the antenna current and antenna voltage.
  • a radiating antenna and a transmission line coupled thereto, and means so arranged that the inductive and capacitive reactance of said antenna is sufiiciently different at the operating frequency to cause a load impedance to be presented to said transmission line of such value that the phase of the voltage at the output end of said transmission line varies in response to variations in antenna capacity by an amount sufficient to prevent variations in phase of the antenna current.
  • an untuned antenna a transmission line for supplying voltage thereto, a coupling betwen said antenna and transmission line, said transmission line having such a length that the impedance presented thereto by said coupling means during variations in antenna capacity tends to prevent variations in phase of the antenna current.
  • an antenna In combination, an antenna, a transmission line, a, coupling between said transmission line and antenna, and means operable through said coupling to control the voltage supplied by said transmission line to maintain a constant phase relationship between the antenna current and the voltage supplied by said transmission line.
  • an untuned antenna a transmission line for supplying voltage thereto, a coupling between said antenna and transmission line, said transmission line having such a length that the impedance presented thereto by said coupling means during variations in antenna capacity tends to prevent variations in the phase of the antenna current with respect to the phase of the voltage supplied by said transmission HANS RODER.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US668595A 1933-04-29 1933-04-29 High frequency signaling system Expired - Lifetime US2279062A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US668595A US2279062A (en) 1933-04-29 1933-04-29 High frequency signaling system
FR772462D FR772462A (fr) 1933-04-29 1934-04-26 Système de signalisation à haute fréquence
DEI49590D DE614262C (de) 1933-04-29 1934-04-27 Antennenanordnung
GB12988/34A GB442003A (en) 1933-04-29 1934-04-30 Improvements in high frequency signalling systems

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US668595A US2279062A (en) 1933-04-29 1933-04-29 High frequency signaling system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2279062A true US2279062A (en) 1942-04-07

Family

ID=24682979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US668595A Expired - Lifetime US2279062A (en) 1933-04-29 1933-04-29 High frequency signaling system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2279062A (fr)
DE (1) DE614262C (fr)
FR (1) FR772462A (fr)
GB (1) GB442003A (fr)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB442003A (en) 1936-01-30
DE614262C (de) 1935-06-11
FR772462A (fr) 1934-10-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2808566A (en) Directional apparatus for use with high frequency transmission lines
US3423699A (en) Digital electric wave phase shifters
US2311364A (en) Broad-band antenna
US2352977A (en) Self-compensating video antenna
US2320175A (en) System for testing resonant networks
US2279062A (en) High frequency signaling system
US3784911A (en) Directional coupler for measuring forward and reflected power comprising a bored metal block
US4371876A (en) Slot array antenna having a complex impedance termination and method of fabrication
US2165086A (en) Matching network
US2303388A (en) Tuning impedance for high radio frequencies
US1999258A (en) Directional aerial
US2241616A (en) Transmission line
US2278687A (en) Radio frequency wattmeter
US2512704A (en) Arrangement for coupling wide frequency band antennae to transmission lines
US2327485A (en) Broad band antenna
US2734168A (en) Voltage input
US2138906A (en) Feeder and the like for electric currents of high frequency
US2033390A (en) Antenna system
US2253381A (en) Harmonic reduction circuits
US2249597A (en) Coupling device
US2442097A (en) Electrical network for phase shifters
US2691132A (en) Magnitude and phase meter
US2110278A (en) Translating circuit
US2279422A (en) Directional antenna
US2373458A (en) Transmission line coupling system