US2289969A - Fluid heat exchange apparatus - Google Patents

Fluid heat exchange apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2289969A
US2289969A US205229A US20522938A US2289969A US 2289969 A US2289969 A US 2289969A US 205229 A US205229 A US 205229A US 20522938 A US20522938 A US 20522938A US 2289969 A US2289969 A US 2289969A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steam
water
drum
chamber
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US205229A
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English (en)
Inventor
Howard J Kerr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock and Wilcox Co
Original Assignee
Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Co filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority to US205229A priority Critical patent/US2289969A/en
Priority to FR853654D priority patent/FR853654A/fr
Priority to US450546A priority patent/US2413717A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2289969A publication Critical patent/US2289969A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/265—Apparatus for washing and purifying steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/32—Steam-separating arrangements using centrifugal force
    • F22B37/322—Steam-separating arrangements using centrifugal force specially adapted for boiler drums

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fluid heat exchange apparatus, and it is exemplified in improvements in water tube steam boilers whereby the safe steaming capacities of such boilers are increased.
  • the high capacities of modern steam boilers have also made it particularly diillcult to insure continuous supply of dry steam without excessive drum capacity.
  • the high heat input into the furnace wall tubes under such high capacity conditions causes those tubes to produce high velocity discharges of steam and water into the drum, and the natural tendency of this condition is to keep the steam and water mixed within the drum.
  • the necessity of providing adequate ligaments in the drum prevents the concentration of the drum connections for such furnace wall tubes. They must be distributed over wide drum areas. This also has an additional tendency to produce high drum turbulence and make steam and water separation increasingly diflicult.
  • the present invention overcomes these difficulties, and, in so doing, utilizes the high velocity of the discharges into the drum to promote steam and water separation and render a given boiler capable of supplying dry steam while operating at water levels higher than would otherwise be permissible.
  • the present invention also provides a means for increasing the safe steaming capacity or a natural circulation steam boiler by minimizing the amount of steam carried down with the water from the drum to the steam generating tubes, and by increasing the amount of water received by them, through an increase in the boiler circulation rate.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide improvements which will enable a given water tube steam boiler- 'to operate at maximum capacities by permitting effective operation of the boiler under high water level conditions.
  • the invention contemplates the use or centrifugal water and steam separators having whirl chambers each of which is provided with an exit for the separated water limited to the region of the perimeter of the chamber, preferably tangentially.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a threedrum boiler of the bent-tube type, constructed in accordance with the teachings of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing the front drum of the Fig. 1 boiler on an enlarged scale;
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view indicating the construction of the illustrative steam and water separator. This view may be considered as taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the separator taken along a plane at right-angles to the plane of Fig. 3 and on such a section-line as that indicated at 0-4 of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken upon the section-line 5-5 in Fig. 4 and looking in the direction of thearrows;
  • Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a two-drum type of bent-tube boiler to which the invention is applied in another manner;
  • Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the steam and water drum of the Fig. 6 boiler, on an enlarged scale;
  • Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of the Fig. 1 boiler taken approximately on the section-line 8-0 of Fi l; v
  • Fig. 9 is a horizontal section taken on the section-line 99 of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 10 is a vertical section showing a modification of the structure indicated in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. l of the drawings discloses a bent-tube boiler having front and rear upper drums l0 and I2 connected with the submerged drum M by the banks of tubes i6 and I8, respectively.
  • the steam generating tubes of the tube bank l8 are exposed to the heat of the furnace 20, the furnace gases passing over these tubes.
  • each separator consists of a whirl chamber 32, operating independently of gravity to insure steam-free water in the downcomers 28 and thereby'increase maximum safe boiler capacity.
  • the cross-over tube 24 is arranged tangentially to the whirl chamber 32 so as to set up a circular flow of water within that chamber. This fiow is indicated by the arrow 34 in Fig. 3.
  • the pressure of the water at its perimeter is substantially greater than the pressure in the center of the chamber, and the pressure of the water is sub stantially equivalent to the combined velocity of the steam and water entering that chamber from the inlet cross-over tube 24.
  • the pressure at the perimeter of the chamber is always greater than the pressure in the center.
  • each whirl chamber 32 is provided in the present instance by the cross-over tube 26 which is arranged at the perimeter of the whirl chamber and preferably tangentially of that chamber.
  • the latter arrangement is indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawings.
  • the water in the whirl chamber outlet 26 will have a velocity substantially equal to the combined velocity of the vapor (or gas) the tangential entrance 24, whereby a pressure is developed in the water equivalent to this velocity.
  • the delivery water separators pressure of such steam may be utilized to lift the water chamber 40, the delivery pressure will cause the separated water to be delivered, or discharged, from the separating zone against the resistance of the higher water level.
  • the whirl chamber is closed except for the above mentioned steam and water inlet 24, the water outlet 26, and the steam outlet 54.
  • the latter is arranged centrally of the whirl chamber so that the steam may be discharged axially of that chamber.
  • the steam outlet 56 of the horizontally arranged separators 40 are similarly axially arranged.
  • Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to that indicated in Fig. 2, but having the water outlet connection 65 for the water chamber 40 directly connected to and discharging into a downcomer as shown.
  • Fig. 7 shows the arrangement of the illustrative densifier or steam and water separator 200 when used for primary separation of water and steam in the drum 202 of the type of boiler indicated in Figs. 6 and 9 of the drawings.
  • the water and steam mixture discharged into the drum from the steam generating tubes 204, 206, and 208, as well as the remaining steam generating tubes, is confined to a space 2") on the 202, this space being to a superheater the drawings at
  • furnace gases pass from the furnace ill across the steam generating tubes 2" in the first gas pass 232 and then around the rear edge of the bai'lle 234. The gases then pass forwardly over steam generating tubes 238 in the second gas pass 2". Beyond the tubes 23! the gases tum rearwardly of the bailie 240- and pass out of the boiler through the third gas pass 242.
  • a water tube steam generator a furnace, means forming a submerged water chamber, a plurality of upper steam and water drums, steam generating tubes connecting the water chamber to said drums and exposed to the heat of the furnace gases, wall cooling tubes associated with a wall of the furnace and arranged to discharge the steam and water mixture therefrom into one of said drums, whirl chamber densifying means within one of the drums and having direct connection with the wall cooling tubes so as to act upon the steam and water mixture discharged from the wall cooling tubes to separate thesteam and water of said mixture, the densifying means having an outlet connection to discharge the separated water in a confined stream to a'position beneath the water level of that drum, said densifying means discharging its separated steam directly into the steam space of said drum, downcomer tubes connecting the water space of a succeeding one of said drums with said water chamber, water circulators connecting the first of said drums to said succeeding drum, and crossover tubes so associated with the circulators and downcomers that water may flow directly to said downcomers from
  • a front upper drum, a rear upper drum, a steam outlet from the rear drum means forming a lower water chamber, downcomers and steam generating tubes connecting said water chamber to said drums and extending across the path of furnace gases, steam circulators connecting the front and rear upper drums, means forming a circular whirl chamber of a steam and water separator disposed within the rear drum,
  • a furnace In a steam generator, a furnace, a plurality of upper drums, a lower drum, front and rearward banks of tubes connecting the lower drum to the upper drums and disposed in the path of the furnace gases, a rearward bank of tubes including downcomers, circulators connecting the upper drums, the front bank of tubes discharging steam and water mixtures into the front upper drum at high velocities by reason of the exposure of those tubes to furnace gases at high temperatures, means in a rearward upper drum directly connecting tubes of a rearward bank with circulators conducting steam and water mixtures from the front drum, kinetic steam and water separators in said connecting means, the separators having steam outlets communicating with the steam space of the rearward drum, the
  • a steam and water drum normally having a water level therein, a steam offtake leading from the steam space of the drum, means forming a cylindrically walled whirl chamber of a steam and water separator within the drum, said whirl chamber being disposed at least in part above said level, steam generating tubes, steam and water inlet means directing steam and water eccentrically or tangentially into the whirl chamber at high velocity in such a way as to set up a whirling action of all of the steam and water in the whirl chamber, fluid confining means establishing direct communication between the steam generating tubes and the steam and water inlet means, said whirl chamber having an interior wall which is unobstructed in line with the steam and water inlet and at least to a position beyond the steam and water inlet, means including a restricted and liquid sealed whirl chamber outlet providing for the discharge of the separated water in a confined stream, outlet means beginning centrally of the end of the whirl chamber whereby separated
  • a centrifugal steam and water separator inside the drum and comprising a whirl chamber, a tangential steam and water inlet toward one end of said chamber, fluid confining means establishing direct communication between the steam generating tubes and the' whirl chamber inlet so that the whirl chamber said chamber, said whirl chamber having an interior wall which is unobstructed in line with the steam and water inlet and at least to a position beyond the steam and water inlet, a steam outlet at the end of said chamber nearest the inlet, and a restricted water outlet at the end of said chamber opposite the steam outlet end, constructed and arranged to cause water entering said chamber at said inlet to flow through said outlet with a velocity head sufficient at least to balance the static head of the water in the drum when the drum water level is higher than the level of the entrance to said outlet.
  • a centrifugal steam and stantially the pressure of the mixture leaving the tubes to cause a whirling of the fluid within said chamber said whirl chamber having an interior wall which is unobstructed in line with the steam and water inlet and at least to a position beyond the steam and water inlet, a steam outlet at the end of said chamber nearest the inlet, and a restricted water outlet at the opposite end of said chamber, constructed and arranged to cause water entering said chamber at said inlet to flow through said outlet'with a substantial continuation of the velocity of the water within said chamber.
  • a steam and water drum normally having a water level therein, a steam offiake leading from the steam space of the drum, means forming a cylindrically walled whirl chamber of a steam and water separator within the drum, said whirl chamber being disposed at least in part above said level, steam generating tubes, steam and water inlet means directing steam and water eccentrically or tangentially into the whirl chamber at high velocity in such a way as to set up a whirling action of all of the steam and water in the whirl chamber, fluid confining means including a separate inlet compartment of the drum establishing direct communication between the steam generating tubes and the steam and water inlet means, said whirl chamber having an interior wall which is unobstructed in line with the steam and water inlet and at least to a position beyond the steam and water inlet, means including a restricted and liquid sealed whirl chamber outlet providing for the discharge of the separated water in a confined stream, outlet means beginning centrally of
  • a centrifugal steam and water separator including a whirl chamber inside the drum, a tangential steam and water inthe inlet, and a restricted steam outlet at the end let toward one end of said chamber
  • fluid confining means including a separate inlet compartment of the drum establishing direct communication between the steam generating tubes and the whirl chamber inlet so that the whirl chamber receives the unseparated steam and water mixture from the steam generating tubes at substantially the pressure of the mixture leaving the tubes to cause a whirling of the fluid within said chamber
  • said whirl chamber having an interior wall which is unobstructed in line with the steam and water inlet and at least to a position beyond the steam and water inlet, a steam outlet at the end of said chamber nearest water outlet at the end of said chamber opposite the steam outlet end, constructed and arranged to cause water entering said chamber at said inlet to flow through said outlet with a veloci
  • a centrifugal steam and water separator including a whirl chamber inside the drum, a tangential steam and water inlet toward one end of said chamber, fluid confining means including a separate inlet compartment of the drum establishing direct communication between the steam generating tubes and the whirl chamber inlet so that the whirl chamber receives the unseparated steam and water mixture from the steam generating tubes at substantially the pressure of the mixture leaving the tubes to cause a whirling of the fluid within said chamber
  • said whirl chamber having an interior wall which is unobstructed in line with the steam and water inlet and at least to a position beyond the steam and water inlet, a of said chamber nearest the inlet, and a restricted water outlet at the opposite end of said chamber, constructed and arranged to cause water entering said chamber at said inlet to flow through said outlet with a substantial continuation of the velocity of the water within said chamber, said inlet compartment communicating with

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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US205229A 1938-04-30 1938-04-30 Fluid heat exchange apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2289969A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US205229A US2289969A (en) 1938-04-30 1938-04-30 Fluid heat exchange apparatus
FR853654D FR853654A (fr) 1938-04-30 1939-04-29 Perfectionnements aux générateurs de vapeur
US450546A US2413717A (en) 1938-04-30 1942-07-11 Fluid system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US205229A US2289969A (en) 1938-04-30 1938-04-30 Fluid heat exchange apparatus

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US2289969A true US2289969A (en) 1942-07-14

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US450546A Expired - Lifetime US2413717A (en) 1938-04-30 1942-07-11 Fluid system

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US450546A Expired - Lifetime US2413717A (en) 1938-04-30 1942-07-11 Fluid system

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FR (1) FR853654A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2592530A (en) * 1945-05-24 1952-04-15 Foster Wheeler Corp Steam separator
US2669975A (en) * 1949-04-29 1954-02-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Vapor generator
US2669976A (en) * 1949-04-29 1954-02-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Apparatus for generating vapor
US2739663A (en) * 1952-08-12 1956-03-27 Gurney William Brewster High pressure steam purifier
US2825316A (en) * 1952-01-29 1958-03-04 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for purifying steam

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3446189A (en) * 1967-02-20 1969-05-27 Chemokomplex La Gep Es Berende Apparatus for flash-evaporating liquids
US5385121A (en) * 1993-01-19 1995-01-31 Keystone International Holdings Corp. Steam desuperheater

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2592530A (en) * 1945-05-24 1952-04-15 Foster Wheeler Corp Steam separator
US2669975A (en) * 1949-04-29 1954-02-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Vapor generator
US2669976A (en) * 1949-04-29 1954-02-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Apparatus for generating vapor
US2825316A (en) * 1952-01-29 1958-03-04 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for purifying steam
US2739663A (en) * 1952-08-12 1956-03-27 Gurney William Brewster High pressure steam purifier

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Publication number Publication date
US2413717A (en) 1947-01-07
FR853654A (fr) 1940-03-26

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