US2291537A - Method of cutting gears - Google Patents

Method of cutting gears Download PDF

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Publication number
US2291537A
US2291537A US626768A US62676832A US2291537A US 2291537 A US2291537 A US 2291537A US 626768 A US626768 A US 626768A US 62676832 A US62676832 A US 62676832A US 2291537 A US2291537 A US 2291537A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gear
teeth
tool
cutting
cutter
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Expired - Lifetime
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US626768A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert S Drummond
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US2291537A publication Critical patent/US2291537A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/28—Shaving cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F19/02—Lapping gear teeth
    • B23F19/04—Lapping spur gears by making use of a correspondingly shaped counterpart
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F19/06—Shaving the faces of gear teeth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10477—Gear tooth shape generating by relative axial movement between synchronously indexing or rotating work and cutter
    • Y10T409/105088—Displacing cutter axially relative to work [e.g., gear shaving, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the finishing of gears which have been roughly fashioned by any suitable method such for instance as by hobbing. It is the object of the invention to rapidly remove sufficient stock to correct all errors in the original form and to obtain a high degree of accuracy as to tooth contour, helical angle, circular pitch, indexing, etc. In the present state of the art it is usual to make correction in gears after the heat treatment of the same by grinding or lapping.
  • the tool is of a form similar to that of a lap or intermeshing gear, but is provided with one or,
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine showing the finishing tool' in engagement'with the gear to be finished;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional plan view
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view showing a portion of the tool and a gear to be finished in operative relation thereto;
  • Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the machine and the electric timing mechanism therefor;
  • Figures 6 and 6a are respectively a plan view and elevation of one tooth in a modified con struction of tool
  • Figure 16 is a cross section taken on the line l6-l6 of Figure 15;- g
  • Figure 17 is a top plan view of a modified form of finishing tool
  • Figure 18 is a diagrammatic view representing the developed pitch plane of an intermeshing gear and cutter illustrating the cutting action'of the cutter.
  • Gear teeth are modified-cylindrical surfaces and where intermeshing gears with conjugate teeth have their axes non-parallel and in no common plane, the contact-between the teeth
  • a cutting tool the body of which is in the form of a gear having teeth conjugate to the gear to be cut.
  • the helical angle of these teeth is, however, such that the axis of the tool will be non-parallel to the axis of the work gear, will have no common plane therewith and will be at an angle thereto within the limits .of 3 degrees and thirty degrees.
  • the-arbor A may be angularly adjusted with respect to the arbor B by adjustment of the column J around the arcuate ways K.
  • the spacing between the arbors can be adjusted by raising or I lowering the head I on the column J and the arbor A may be axially reciprocated by movement of the carriage H on the ways I.
  • the 'mechanism'for accomplishing this reciprocation consists of a further step-down gearing M which I "actuates a crank M adjustable in throw which in turn is connected by a link N to a vertically extending rock shaft N. Splined on this rock shaft N' is a gear wheel N for actuating a rack N? on the carriage H.
  • the reciprocation should be proportioned to the diameter of the work to provide a selective rate of.feed for each revolution of the work.
  • the finishing tool P is in the form of a mating gear having conjugate teeth of such a helix angle in relation to the helix angle of the gear to be finished thatthe axes of the arbors -B and A on which said gears are respectively mounted are at a limited angle to each other.
  • the angular difference is between the limits of three degrees and thirty degrees but 1 preferably is ten degrees.
  • the teeth of the tool are grooved or slotted so as to interrupt the continuity thereof and the direction of this groove or slot is transverse to the direction of progressive rubbing contact between the teeth of the tool and those of the gear to be finished.
  • the interruption of the teeth is formed by a central groove P parallel to the plane of rotation ofthe gear and extending the full depth of the teeth.
  • the rough cut gear Q to be finished is mounted on the arbor A and the tool P upon the arbor B.
  • the tool is also axially adjusted so that the groove P will extend on opposite sides of the theoretical point of contact between the teeth of the tool and those of the work gear.
  • the head I is then adjusted downward to crowd the gear Q against the tool gear P with a predetermined amount of pressure.
  • the position of the head is noted, the head is raised again, traversed to the edge of the cutting tool, and the head is brought back to the same position as previously noted.
  • the motor C is then started in operation which will rotate the two gears P and Q in mesh with each other, while a slow axial reciprocation is imparted to the gear and cutter substantially at the zone of contact.
  • FIG 14 Another form of finishing tool is illustrated in Figure 14 where the groove P in each tooth extends at an oblique angle and the finishing tool has helical teeth.
  • This construction will maintool illustrated in Figure 12 resides'in the fact 'that the guiding portions R and, R may be made of different metal than the cutting disks B and R If desired, the guiding portions R and R may be made of cast iron or other suitable heating metal, while-the cutting disks R and R are of the next disk is backed off or otherwise re-.
  • each of the cutting edges T is arranged between two unrelieved guiding portionsT".
  • My invention has the further feature that the is shown above the cutter P, the axes being arranged at an angle between three degrees and crossed axes slide.
  • the accuracy of the cutting action is due to the numerous varyingcontacts of each gear tooth with the teeth of the rotary cutter. This renders the index obtained from the finishing tool closer than the index quality of the tool itself. It also follows that the eccentricity and profile are more accurate because of the number of contacts made by the rotary tool with difierent points on the Profile I of the teeth and on different teeth.
  • the finishing tool also establishes the spiral angle by its setting' and profile.
  • the cutting edges therefore extend generally perpendicular to that component of the relative sliding mo tion which extends longitudinally of the meshing 7 teeth and which has been referred to as (crossed axes slide.”
  • the result of this is that the cutting action resulting from meshed rotation of the gear and tool as described herein is substantially. uniform from top to bottom of the teeth of the gear and insures a very accurately finished gear tooth surface.
  • the method of truing gears which consists in running a rough cutgear in mesh and in pressure contact with a tool having the form of a true mating gearwith conjugate teeth, the axes of said gears having no common plane, being non-intersecting and at a limited angle to each other, said tool having'the surface of its teeth interrupted to form a narrow groove and adjacent cutting edge extending generally up and down the teeth transverse to the direction of tion parallel to the axis of the said gear and in timed relation to the rotation of the said gear.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
US626768A 1931-08-17 1932-07-30 Method of cutting gears Expired - Lifetime US2291537A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB23157/31A GB379837A (en) 1931-08-17 1931-08-17 A method of and apparatus for lapping gears

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2291537A true US2291537A (en) 1942-07-28

Family

ID=10191077

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US626768A Expired - Lifetime US2291537A (en) 1931-08-17 1932-07-30 Method of cutting gears
US3662A Expired - Lifetime US2270421A (en) 1931-08-17 1935-01-26 Machine for cutting gears

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US3662A Expired - Lifetime US2270421A (en) 1931-08-17 1935-01-26 Machine for cutting gears

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US2291537A (fr)
DE (1) DE750679C (fr)
FR (1) FR759634A (fr)
GB (2) GB379837A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2669905A (en) * 1947-08-15 1954-02-23 Fellows Gear Shaper Co Full tool gear finishing method
US2685234A (en) * 1950-05-26 1954-08-03 Vinco Corp Bevel gear finishing machine
EP0515791A3 (en) * 1991-05-02 1993-04-07 Wera Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co. Device and method for shaving gears having electronically coupled individual drives for work gear and tool

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE765553C (de) * 1935-01-26 1954-05-10 Nat Broach & Mach Zahnradschabmaschine mit einem mit Zahnradzaehnen versehenen rotierenden Werkzeug
DE903886C (de) * 1937-05-10 1954-02-11 Nat Broach & Mach Schneidwerkzeug zum Nacharbeiten von Zahnraedern
US2511418A (en) * 1944-08-16 1950-06-13 Nat Broach & Mach Gear finishing machine
US2612080A (en) * 1946-09-03 1952-09-30 Nat Broach & Mach Gear finishing machine
US2581700A (en) * 1947-08-11 1952-01-08 Nat Broach & Mach Apparatus for finishing gears
DE1121907B (de) * 1959-01-21 1962-01-11 Zahnschneidemaschinenfabrik Mo Zahnflankenschabemaschine
DE1273960B (de) * 1966-07-25 1968-07-25 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl Schabzahnrad
CN119703225B (zh) * 2025-03-03 2025-08-22 江苏中天齿轮制造有限公司 一种齿轮加工用磨齿机

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2669905A (en) * 1947-08-15 1954-02-23 Fellows Gear Shaper Co Full tool gear finishing method
US2685234A (en) * 1950-05-26 1954-08-03 Vinco Corp Bevel gear finishing machine
EP0515791A3 (en) * 1991-05-02 1993-04-07 Wera Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co. Device and method for shaving gears having electronically coupled individual drives for work gear and tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE750679C (de) 1945-01-27
GB379837A (en) 1932-09-08
GB415875A (en) 1934-09-06
FR759634A (fr) 1934-02-06
US2270421A (en) 1942-01-20

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