US2306909A - Piezoelectric crystal apparatus - Google Patents

Piezoelectric crystal apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2306909A
US2306909A US278237A US27823739A US2306909A US 2306909 A US2306909 A US 2306909A US 278237 A US278237 A US 278237A US 27823739 A US27823739 A US 27823739A US 2306909 A US2306909 A US 2306909A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
crystal
frequency
major
axis
thickness dimension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US278237A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roger A Sykes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US278237A priority Critical patent/US2306909A/en
Priority to FR866095D priority patent/FR866095A/fr
Priority to CH225444D priority patent/CH225444A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2306909A publication Critical patent/US2306909A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/46—Filters
    • H03H9/54—Filters comprising resonators of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
    • H03H9/56—Monolithic crystal filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/02—Details
    • H03H9/02007—Details of bulk acoustic wave devices
    • H03H9/02062—Details relating to the vibration mode
    • H03H9/0207—Details relating to the vibration mode the vibration mode being harmonic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/02—Details
    • H03H9/02007—Details of bulk acoustic wave devices
    • H03H9/02157—Dimensional parameters, e.g. ratio between two dimension parameters, length, width or thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/02—Details
    • H03H9/05—Holders or supports
    • H03H9/09—Elastic or damping supports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
    • H03H9/17—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
    • H03H9/19—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator consisting of quartz

Definitions

  • quartz crystal plates in electric wave filters, for example, are complicatedby the fact that such plates may exhibit a multiplicity of resonances, many of which may occur at frequencies quite close to the principal or desired thickness mode resonance fundamental frequency or a desired harmonic thereof.
  • Fig. 3 is'a perspective view of a crystal mount-.
  • theelectrode plate 20 may have a flat surface facing the crystal element I. Between the flat surface of such electrode plate and the crystal element I, a thin mica spacer may be placed to separate the parts a distance of the order of .001 inch.
  • the mice. spacer may have a central circular opening to permit its remaining surface to provide damping contact with the four corners only of the crystal element I.
  • the coupling to undesired fiexure modes in the crystal element I may be decreased by reducing the area of the electrode plating on one or both of the major faces of the crystal element, as
  • any AT cut crystal element may be provided with such partial electrodes either divided or non-divided and on one Or both of the electrode faces of the crystal element I to serve to reduce undesired extraneous resonances in the crystal element I.
  • the curves k8 to k of Fig. 10 represent even order harmonics or overtones of low frequency fiexural vibrations along the X axis the frequencies of which depend upon the relative dimensions of the crystal element.
  • the curves k8 to M4 representing such even order overtone flexure mode extraneous resonances, intersect the curve mInI representing the desired major fundamental shear mode resonance at points corresponding to certain x/y dimensional ratios of the crystal element I given substantially by the formula:
  • the curves 1:22 to 1058 of Fig. 12 illustrate another set of interfering frequencies in third harmonic mode AT cut crystal elements which may be termed even order overtone fiexure mode vibrations along the X axis dimension of the crystal element 1.
  • the curves R22 to 7058 intersect the curve m3nl representing the desired major shear mode third harmonic resonance at points corresponding to certain x/y' dimensional ratios given substantially by the formula:
  • the extraneousv frequencies will have negative temperature coefficients of frequency.
  • a piezoelectric quartz crystal element adapted to respond to a desired shear-mode frequency determined mainly by its thickness dimension, the major surface of said element having one of its dimensions substantially parallel to the XY plane and relatively so proportioned with respect to said frequency-determining thickness dimension that said element exh bits a substantially single frequency response when-vibrated at said frequency which is a function of said thickness dimension.
  • a quartz crystal piezoelectric element adapted to vibrate in a shear mode at a desired frequency dependent mainly upon its thickness dimension perpendicular to its major faces, said major faces being substantially parallel to an X axis, said thickness dimension being made of a value in accordance with the value of said desired frequency, and the X axis dimension of said element being sufiiciently reduced until the frequency of an extraneous resonance near to said desired frequency is effectively removed from said desired frequency, conductive platings formed integral with one of said majorfaces comprising electrode plating effectively covering'the central part only of the total area of said one major face and being electrically divided centrally and iongitudinally to form divided electrodes, connector plating extending from one of said divided electrodes to a corner of said one major face, and another connector plating extending from the other of said divided electrodes to an opposite corner of said one major face, and means including conductive clamping projections in individual contact with said connector platings at points of relatively small area adjacent said opposite corners of said one major face for
  • a quartz crystal piezoelectric element adapted to vibrate in a shear mode at a desired frequency dependent mainly upon its thickness dimension perpendicular to its major. faces, said major faces being substantially parallel to an X axis, said major faces having at least one dimension thereof proportioned with respect to said thickness dimension until the frequency of an extraneous resonance near to said desired frequency is effectively removed from said desired frequency, conductive platings formed integral with one of said major faces comprising electrode plating effectively covering the central part only of the total area of said one major face and being divided centrally and longitudinally to form divided electrodes, and a strip of shielding plating disposed between and separated from said divided electrodes and extending around an edge of said element to the opposite major face of said element for connection with an electrode adjacent said opposite major face.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
US278237A 1939-06-09 1939-06-09 Piezoelectric crystal apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2306909A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US278237A US2306909A (en) 1939-06-09 1939-06-09 Piezoelectric crystal apparatus
FR866095D FR866095A (fr) 1939-06-09 1940-06-08 Cristaux piézoélectriques
CH225444D CH225444A (fr) 1939-06-09 1940-06-19 Appareil à cristal piézoélectrique.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US278237A US2306909A (en) 1939-06-09 1939-06-09 Piezoelectric crystal apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2306909A true US2306909A (en) 1942-12-29

Family

ID=23064215

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US278237A Expired - Lifetime US2306909A (en) 1939-06-09 1939-06-09 Piezoelectric crystal apparatus

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2306909A (fr)
CH (1) CH225444A (fr)
FR (1) FR866095A (fr)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2574257A (en) * 1947-01-11 1951-11-06 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Method for manufacturing piezoelectric crystals free of conflicting modes of vibration
US2771561A (en) * 1952-03-17 1956-11-20 Pye Ltd Quartz crystal units
US2799789A (en) * 1949-04-06 1957-07-16 John M Wolfskill Piezoelectric crystal apparatus and method of making the same
US2886787A (en) * 1953-07-30 1959-05-12 Donald E Johnson Piezoelectric device
US2911484A (en) * 1954-06-28 1959-11-03 Gen Electric Electro-acoustic transducer
US3348078A (en) * 1964-05-30 1967-10-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Piezoelectric ceramic resonator devices
US3396327A (en) * 1961-12-27 1968-08-06 Toyotsushinki Kabushiki Kaisha Thickness shear vibration type, crystal electromechanical filter
US3792294A (en) * 1972-10-19 1974-02-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Rectangular at-cut crystal plate
DE2703335A1 (de) * 1976-01-29 1977-08-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Piezoelektrischer schwinger mit dickenscherungsschwingung
US4071797A (en) * 1976-01-20 1978-01-31 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Quartz piezo-electric element vibrating in a coupled mode
US4076987A (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-02-28 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Multiple resonator or filter vibrating in a coupled mode
US4114062A (en) * 1976-09-15 1978-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thickness shear resonator for use as an over-tone quartz crystal
US4124809A (en) * 1972-05-30 1978-11-07 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Quartz crystal resonator
DE2842644A1 (de) * 1977-12-07 1979-06-13 Seiko Instr & Electronics Quarzschwinger mit einer dicken- breiten-scherschwingung
FR2426338A1 (fr) * 1978-05-19 1979-12-14 Seiko Instr & Electronics Resonateur a quartz rectangulaire en coupe at
JPS5530284A (en) * 1978-08-25 1980-03-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Thickness sliding flection crystal vibrator
JPS5546633A (en) * 1978-09-28 1980-04-01 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Thickness-sliding inflection crystal vibrator
JPS5643034U (fr) * 1979-09-11 1981-04-20
US4355257A (en) * 1976-01-29 1982-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Thickness shear type piezoelectric vibrator with integral mounting
US4604543A (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-08-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Multi-element ultrasonic transducer
US7077857B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2006-07-18 Crosby Advanced Medical Systems, Inc. Pulse Cam
US7883534B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2011-02-08 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Personal tuner
US9463332B2 (en) 2002-02-27 2016-10-11 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Personal tuner with biosensor and bioscanner
US9987185B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2018-06-05 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Transducer devices, apparatus, systems and methods of operation

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2574257A (en) * 1947-01-11 1951-11-06 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Method for manufacturing piezoelectric crystals free of conflicting modes of vibration
US2799789A (en) * 1949-04-06 1957-07-16 John M Wolfskill Piezoelectric crystal apparatus and method of making the same
US2771561A (en) * 1952-03-17 1956-11-20 Pye Ltd Quartz crystal units
US2886787A (en) * 1953-07-30 1959-05-12 Donald E Johnson Piezoelectric device
US2911484A (en) * 1954-06-28 1959-11-03 Gen Electric Electro-acoustic transducer
US3396327A (en) * 1961-12-27 1968-08-06 Toyotsushinki Kabushiki Kaisha Thickness shear vibration type, crystal electromechanical filter
US3348078A (en) * 1964-05-30 1967-10-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Piezoelectric ceramic resonator devices
DE1466166B1 (de) * 1964-05-30 1971-12-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Piezoelektrisch zur dickenscherschwingung anregbares resonator element
US4124809A (en) * 1972-05-30 1978-11-07 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Quartz crystal resonator
US3792294A (en) * 1972-10-19 1974-02-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Rectangular at-cut crystal plate
US4071797A (en) * 1976-01-20 1978-01-31 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Quartz piezo-electric element vibrating in a coupled mode
US4355257A (en) * 1976-01-29 1982-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Thickness shear type piezoelectric vibrator with integral mounting
DE2703335A1 (de) * 1976-01-29 1977-08-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Piezoelektrischer schwinger mit dickenscherungsschwingung
US4114062A (en) * 1976-09-15 1978-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thickness shear resonator for use as an over-tone quartz crystal
US4076987A (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-02-28 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Multiple resonator or filter vibrating in a coupled mode
DE2842644A1 (de) * 1977-12-07 1979-06-13 Seiko Instr & Electronics Quarzschwinger mit einer dicken- breiten-scherschwingung
US4234812A (en) * 1977-12-07 1980-11-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Thickness-width shear quartz crystal vibrator
FR2426338A1 (fr) * 1978-05-19 1979-12-14 Seiko Instr & Electronics Resonateur a quartz rectangulaire en coupe at
US4247797A (en) * 1978-05-19 1981-01-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Rectangular AT-cut quartz resonator
JPS5530284A (en) * 1978-08-25 1980-03-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Thickness sliding flection crystal vibrator
JPS5546633A (en) * 1978-09-28 1980-04-01 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Thickness-sliding inflection crystal vibrator
JPS5643034U (fr) * 1979-09-11 1981-04-20
US4604543A (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-08-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Multi-element ultrasonic transducer
US7077857B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2006-07-18 Crosby Advanced Medical Systems, Inc. Pulse Cam
US7883534B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2011-02-08 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Personal tuner
US8443811B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2013-05-21 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Therapy tools and treatment methods
US8534292B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2013-09-17 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Personal tuner
US9233261B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2016-01-12 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Therapy apparatus and treatment methods
US9463332B2 (en) 2002-02-27 2016-10-11 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Personal tuner with biosensor and bioscanner
US9987185B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2018-06-05 CAMS Medical Instruments, Inc. Transducer devices, apparatus, systems and methods of operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH225444A (fr) 1943-01-31
FR866095A (fr) 1941-06-16

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