US2319080A - Antihalation backing for photographic film - Google Patents

Antihalation backing for photographic film Download PDF

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Publication number
US2319080A
US2319080A US327488A US32748840A US2319080A US 2319080 A US2319080 A US 2319080A US 327488 A US327488 A US 327488A US 32748840 A US32748840 A US 32748840A US 2319080 A US2319080 A US 2319080A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
acetate phthalate
film
polyvinyl acetate
photographic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US327488A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gale F Nadeau
Alfred D Slack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2319080A publication Critical patent/US2319080A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation
    • G03C1/835—Macromolecular substances therefor, e.g. mordants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/156—Precursor compound
    • Y10S430/16—Blocked developers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic film and more particularly to a backing or overcoating layer for such film for the purpose of reducing the halation or protecting the surface of' Anti-halation backings andlayers for photographic films and plates are well known in the photographic art.
  • Such-layers are employed for the purpose of absorbing light rays which would otherwise be reflected from surfaces of the film or plate support or from other surfaces of the film thereby preventing theaction of these refiected rays on the sensitive emulsion.
  • the anti-halation layer is usually a separate layer of gelatin or other colloidal material containing a dye.
  • colloidal materials which are insoluble in water but which may be removed 1 in the regular photographic processing baths.
  • the removal of the backing in the photographic developers which contain alkali and sulfite involves certain difilculties, such as sludglng or thickening of the developing bath and in some instances there is a decided restraining action onthe development of the silver image so that the development time is greatly increased or the density of the developed image is reduced.
  • One method of overcoming these difiiculties is to use a backing material which is capable of forming water-soluble salts in aqueous alkaline solutions, yet due to its relatively poor solubility in these solutions does not dissolve in the normal alkaline-sulfite developer being restrained from going into solution by the salts normally present in the developing bath.
  • An anti-halation backing containing cellulose acetate phthalate acts in this manner.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a film coating or backing layer which has the desirable removal properties of a materials, such as cellulose acetate phthalate but which does not possess the undesirable properties of such materials.
  • a further object is to provide a photographic film coating which is soluble in a wide range of solvents and which may be applied readily to a photographic film support.
  • a still further object is to provide a photographic film coating which'adheres well to film supports but which does not produce a brittle coating.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a film having anti-halation layer ofpolyvinyl acetate phthalate and a dye.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a film having an undercoating layer of polyvinyl acetate phthalate and an anti-halation layer coated over it.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a photographic, film having an anti-halation layer of polyvinyl acetate phthalate and a protective coating over it.
  • the material which we propose to use as antihalation backing may be made in various ways, such as by dissolving polyvinyl acetate in a suitable solvent and adding water and phthalic anhydride and effecting reaction in an autoclave under pressure. The resulting reaction involves a hydrolysis of the polyvinyl acetate followed by substitutionof the hydroxyl group by phthalyl groups.
  • Polyvinyl acetate phthalate is soluble in various solvents, such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethylene dichloride-and in mixtures of acetone and water, methyl alcohol and methyl Cellosolve and water.
  • Polyvinyl acetate phthalate fulfills the requirements which we consider desirable for use as a carrier for an anti-halation medium.
  • Films of polyvinyl acetate phthalate. deposited from solution are fiexible, possess good adhesion to fiexible photographic film supports, and are not removed in the alkaline sulfite developing bath but in the wash water following the developer. These advantages are of importance when compared with materials hitherto used.
  • the film coatings of polyvinyl acetate phthalate are removed as easily as coatings of cellulose acetate phthalate they are less brittle and more adhesive to the film support without inducing brittleness.
  • 'As compared with coatings of polyvinyl phthalate they are more adhesive to cellulose ester film supports and are more easily removed without producing contamination of the developer.
  • Film coatings are produced according to our invention by dissolving polyvinyl acetate phthale ate in a suitable solvent in amounts from about 5% to about 20% and coating the solution on a support.
  • the amount of polyvinyl acetate phthalate in the solution will depend on various factors such as the speed of coating the thickness of the layer and the amount of dye to be applied for anti-halation protection.
  • the amount of polyvinyl acetate phthalate may vary above or below these limits. For ordinary purposes the range stated has been found to be satisfactory.
  • An anti-halation backing using our material may be compounded as follows:
  • the dye l2 may also be mixed with the resin comprising the layer l l prior to coating in which case it will be uniformly dispersed throughout the resin layer.
  • the dye layer I! may be such that it does not penetrate the backing layer and, therefore, forms a separate layer on the surface of the backing layer. 7
  • the support I0 is coated with a separate layer H of polyvinyl acetate phthalate followed by a layer I! of a water permeable cellulose ester, such as cellulose acetate phthalate containing an antihalation dye.
  • Emulsion layer, I3 is coated on the opposite side of the support iii. In certain cases removal of the backing is facilitated by applying the layers M and IS in separate coating operations.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a film backing having a pro-' tective layer.
  • a support i0 is coated with polyvinyl acetate phthalate layer Ii and dye i2 followed by a protective layer ii of carnauba wax or other suitable material. This layer-protects the polyvinyl acetate phthalate layer from abrasion during further coating or other treatment of the film.
  • the sensitive emulsion layer is coated on the opposite side in the customary manner.
  • Anti-halation backings of the type which we have described may be used on cellulose organic ester film supports, on cellulose nitrate supports, synthetic resin supports or glass supports. In addition to being used with single emulsion layer films as illustrated, they are obviously applicable to use with films having multiple emulsion layers.
  • polyvinyl acetate phthalate In addition to polyvinyl acetate phthalate, other polyvinyl 'mixed esters are suitable for use according to our invention, such as polyvinyl acetate propionate phthalate, polyvinyl acetate butyrate phthalate, etc. These esters may be used alone or in admixture with small amounts of other colloidal materials, for example, polyvinyl acetate phthalate may be mixed with cellulose acetate phthalate in suitable proportions for use as a backing layer.
  • polyvinyl acetate phthalate may be mixed with cellulose acetate phthalate in suitable proportions for use as a backing layer.
  • the materials suggested according to our invention may also be used for photographic film coatings of other types, for example, they may be used as anti-static backings or overcoating layers or as protective layers over the emulsion layer or on the opposite side of the photographic support.
  • Other modifications of our invention may be made within the scope of theappended claims.
  • a sensitive photographic element comprising a light-transmitting support having thereon a sensitive emulsion layer and an anti-halation layer of polyvinyl ester of a lower fatty acid and a dicarboxylic acid, and a dye.
  • Alight-sensitive photographic element comprising a light-transmitting support having on one side thereof a sensitive photographic layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of polyvinyl acetate phthalate and a dye.
  • a light-sensitive photographic element comprising a light-transmitting support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an antl-halation layer of polyvinyl acetate phthalate and' a dye complementary to the color to which the emulsion is sensitive.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US327488A 1939-04-14 1940-04-02 Antihalation backing for photographic film Expired - Lifetime US2319080A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2319080X 1939-04-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2319080A true US2319080A (en) 1943-05-11

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ID=10903749

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US327488A Expired - Lifetime US2319080A (en) 1939-04-14 1940-04-02 Antihalation backing for photographic film

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2319080A (fr)
FR (2) FR864776A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462534A (en) * 1946-03-29 1949-02-22 Du Pont Light-sensitive photographic elements
US2502529A (en) * 1946-09-18 1950-04-04 Du Pont Photographically sensitive X-ray film elements

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462534A (en) * 1946-03-29 1949-02-22 Du Pont Light-sensitive photographic elements
US2502529A (en) * 1946-09-18 1950-04-04 Du Pont Photographically sensitive X-ray film elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR864776A (fr) 1941-05-05
FR54820E (fr) 1950-08-02

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