US2329893A - Magnetic device for the purification of fluids - Google Patents

Magnetic device for the purification of fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
US2329893A
US2329893A US400878A US40087841A US2329893A US 2329893 A US2329893 A US 2329893A US 400878 A US400878 A US 400878A US 40087841 A US40087841 A US 40087841A US 2329893 A US2329893 A US 2329893A
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Prior art keywords
fluid
particles
magnetic
ferromagnetic
elements
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US400878A
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English (en)
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Girard Georges
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Magnetos Lucifer S A
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Magnetos Lucifer S A
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/06—Filters making use of electricity or magnetism

Definitions

  • GEOEGESGl/E BY example fluids such as engine oil.
  • the subject of the present invention is a device for the magnetic purification of a fluid and separation of impurities therefrom which obviates the disadvantages above referred to by the fact that the fluid to be purified is caused to circulatein the air gap of a magnet and that the ferromagnetic particles in suspension in the fluid are attracted by means of attraction surfaces subjected to the action of the fiuid in movement, and that the-particles extracted from the fluid are accumulated mechanically and magnetically on accumulating surfaces which bound open spaces in which the intensity of the magnetic field and the intensity of the streams of fluid are weak.
  • the device for the magnetic purification of a fluid is provided with a magnet of which the air gap is traversed by the fluid to be purified, this air gap being provided with ferromagnetic elements having surfaces of attraction subjected to the action of the fluid in movement, and with a plurality of surfaces for accumulating the particles extracted magnetically from the fluid, which bound open spaces in which the intensity of the magnetic field and the intensity of the flow of fluid are weak.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial section to a larger scale of a ferromagnetic element and an accumulating aperture therein, showing the distribution of the magnetic field and illustrating the process of accumulation of the particles.
  • Fig. 3 is a section of a second form of construction.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a third form of construction.
  • Fig. 5 shows the device mounted in a casing, a portion of the latter being broken away.
  • the device for the magnetic purification of a fluid is formed by a permanent magnet i of horse-shoe form, provided with two pole pieces 2 opposite one another, and field concentrating elements'fl of ferromagnetic material placed between the pole pieces approximately normal to the lines of force of the magnetic field and lying in the direction of the circulation of the fluid (indicated by the arrows B).
  • the elements-,3 are provided with accumulating faces 8 (Fig. 2 which bound open spaces formed by apertures or holes 6 adapted to receive and retain the.,particles extracted magnetically from the fluid.
  • the lines H representapproximately the magnetic lines of force while the lines E indicate approximately the points of equal magnetic potential.
  • the operation of the device may be understood from this figure.
  • the filamentary paths of the circulation of fluid are represented by the lines B.
  • a particle P in suspension in the fluid is carried along by the latter between the pole faces 2 and therefore between the field concentrating ferromagnetic elements 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 4).
  • This particle P reaching the field prevailing in the air gap is attracted by one external attraction face I of the elements '3.
  • This particle P is then held magnetically against this face and cannot detach itself therefrom, but no force opposes the sliding of this particle P along the face 1. It is therefore picked up mechanically by the action of the fluid passing over the external attraction face I and slides along the latter.
  • it When it reaches the edge of an aperture i, bounded by the accumulation surface 8, it is attracted magnetically just into the plane of the attraction surface 1 where this place passes over aperture 6 and then slides on to the accumulation surface 8.
  • This magnetic action acting on the particle is increased by a mechanical action exerted by the fluid.
  • the fluid having the tendency to enter the open space 6 causes the particle to slide on the accumulation surface 8 on the periphery of apertures 6 towards the interior of the latter.
  • This particle, held magnetically to the accumulating surfac 8, is then pushed along the latter towards the interior of the element 3 by the succeeding particles sliding along the attraction surface 1.
  • the particles are thus more or less accumulated in successive layers, and gradually all the free space "in the interior of the hole is filled with particles.
  • the magnetic field present in thi free space bounded by the accumulation surface 8 is weak, as will appear from Fig. 2, as is also the intensity of the circulation of the fluid therein.
  • the particles accumulated on the surface 8 are thus enclosed in apertures 6 and cannot leave these as on the one hand the weak circulation passing through these free spaces only applies a feeble force tending to carry along the particles and, on the other hand, in order to leave these spaces, the particles must pass to outside of a zone of a strong magnetic field located at the edge of the spaces or apertures 6 (see Fig. 2).
  • the permanent magnet is replaced by an electromagnet II, and elements 3, similar to the elements, of Fig. 1, have attraction surfaces 21 provided with projecting attraction points 9 located on the lower edge of the holes 6.
  • These attraction points 9 have the advantage of attracting very violently the particles in suspension in the fluid by reason of the fact of their high degree of magnetic saturation.
  • non-magnetic members l3 For facilitating the manipulation and the cleaning of the ferromagnetic elements, these are assembled together by non-magnetic members l3 into a unit in such a manner as to enable all the elements of a single block to be withdrawn from the magnetic field.
  • the permanent magnet I0 is formed of small parallelopipeds, of a material of high permeability.
  • the field concentrating elements are formed as perforated or 'honeycombed parallelopiped for example of basket or trellis work, filled with ferromagnetic chips, for example, iron or steel wool or iron or steel filings.
  • ferromagnetic chips for example, iron or steel wool or iron or steel filings.
  • this form of construction of the field concentrating elements 30 there is obtained a plurality of accumulation surfaces which define a plurality of free spaces 38 located in the interior. of the element and in which the magnetic field and the velocity of the stream of fluid are low.
  • a plurality of points and attraction surfaces having a very high degree of magnetic saturation. It thus follows that the purification of the fluid by means of elements of this type is effected very rapidly and that the absorption capacity thereof is very great.
  • the device is placed into a casing l5 of rectangular section provided with a supply intake pipe l6 for the fluid and an outflow pipe ll for the fluid.
  • This casing is provided with a cover [8, which can be removed eas y; and provided with a joint 19.
  • this cover I8 is secured by means of a strap 20, pivotally mounted on pivots 2
  • conduit l6 may be secured easily in a wall of the casing I5. For this purpose it is sufilcientto make the latter slightly higher. This latter construction nables the cover to be removed without it being necessary to remove the pipe l6.
  • the ferromagnetic elements 33 may be withdrawn as a block, as they are connected together by means of non-magnetic members 3
  • Ferromagnetic elements according to Fig. 4 have the great advantage of retaining practically all the ferromagnetic particles contained in their free spaces, even when those elements are no longer in a magnetic field, which enables the elements to be removed for cleaning them without the liability of some of these particles falling back into the interior of the casing.
  • the magnet need not be of horseshoe shape and may be shaped according to requirements.
  • the field concentrating elements 3. may for example be formed by simple trellis work of fine mesh, staggered trellis work, split plates, or by assemblies of split or apertured plates which may be or may not be provided with attraction points. It is also possible to provide elements in the form of honeycombs. In this case the attraction surfaces I are formed by the ends of the honeycombs.
  • the attraction points may also be located in a different manner and, for example, the attraction surfaces 1 may be placed on end. i
  • the corners of the pole faces and of the magnet may be rounded as is current practice.
  • the direction of the fluid in the air gap is naturally of no importance from the point of view of the satisfactory operation of the device so. long as the direction is substantially perpendicular to the lines of force H, that is, in Fig. 2 the direction of the current can be from top to bottom, or bottom to top, or perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 2, but not from one side to the other of Fig. 2.
  • the circulation of fluid in the free spaces may be as weak as possible, there is preferably selected a general direction of the fluid which intersects the mag netic lines of force at a right angle. 4
  • the apparatus forming the subject of my invention has a high efficiency of magnetic purification, of which the v locity of purification is within wide limits independent of the concentration of ferromagnetic particles in the fiuid to be purified, and of the velocity of circulation of the latter. Also the efficiency of the device is only slightly infiuenced by the quantity of article already accumulated on the accumulation surfaces.
  • said concentrating members being provided with restricted transverse passages extending therethrough substantially transversely of said channel member transversely between said lateral pole pieces, said members being so arranged that the magnetic field in the interior of 7 said passages toward their respective axes extending through said members is of low intensity as compared with the field strength at the circumferential periphery of said passages, and the velocity of stream flow in said passages is slow.
  • a ferromagnetic channel member adapted for the passage or liquid therethrough, and being constituted of an inverted horseshoe magnet whose pole pieces constitute the respective lateral sides of said channel member, and auxiliary elongated ferromagnetic field concentrating slab-shaped members positioned in said channel member with their length lying in the direction of fiow of liquid therethrough, said concentrating members being provided with restricted transverse passages extending therethrough substantially transversely of said channel member transversely between said lateral pole pieces, said members being so arranged that the magnetic field in the interior of said passages toward their respective-axes extending through said members is of low intensity as compared with the field strength at the cirnel member transversely between said lateral pole pieces, said members being so constructed and arranged that the magnetic fiux path of high reluctance through said transverse apertures therethrough has magnetically in parallel therewith a low reluctance ferro-magnetic path of substantially the same physical length.
  • a channel. member adapted for the passage of liquid therethrough, a magnet having two pole pieces constituting the respective lateral sides of said channel member, and auxiliary elongated ferromagnetic field concentrating slab members positioned insaid channel member with their length lying in the direction of flow of liquid therethrough, said concentrating members being provided with restricted transverse apertures extending therethrough substantially transversely of said channel member transversely between said lateral pole pieces, said concentrating members being further provided with projecting ferromagnetic points formed on their surface adjacent to and immediately below said apertures respectively, said members being so constructed and arranged that the magnetic flux path of high reluctance through said transverse apertures therethrough has magnetically in parallel therewith a low reluctance term-magnetic path of substantially the same physical length.
  • a magnetic liquid clarifier a channel member adapted for the passage of liquid therethrough, a magnet having two pole pieces constituting the respective lateral sides of said channel member, and auxiliary elongated ferromagnetic field concentrating members formed as slab shaped baskets filled with steel wool and positioned in said channel member with their length lying in the direction of flow of liquid therethrough, and being mutually spaced apart torming paths for the flow of liquid therebetween.
  • a channel member adapted for the passage of liquid therethrough a magnet havingtwo pole pieces constituting the respective lateral sides of said channel member, auxiliary elongated ferromagnetic 7.
  • a channel member adapted for the passage oi liquid therethrough a magnet having two pole pieces constituting the respective lateral sides of said chan- 5 nel member, and auxiliary elongated i'erro-magnetic field concentrating members formed as slab shaped baskets filled with an interstitially spaced assembly of discrete small term-magnetic elementary pieces and said baskets being positioned 10 in said channel member with their length lying in the direction of flow of liquid therethrough, and being mutually spaced apart iorming paths for the flow of liquid therebetween.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
US400878A 1940-09-10 1941-07-02 Magnetic device for the purification of fluids Expired - Lifetime US2329893A (en)

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FR (1) FR882671A (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452220A (en) * 1942-05-19 1948-10-26 Bower William Leslie Magnetic separator
US2459534A (en) * 1945-03-23 1949-01-18 J A Zurn Mfg Co Magnetic separator for fluid systems
US2478290A (en) * 1946-10-18 1949-08-09 Hpm Dev Corp Apparatus for removing foreign matter from fluid
US2622699A (en) * 1950-11-15 1952-12-23 Internat Derrick And Equipment Gear case with magnetic lubricant purifying means
US3676337A (en) * 1970-07-09 1972-07-11 Massachusetts Inst Technology Process for magnetic separation
US3873448A (en) * 1973-05-09 1975-03-25 Tenneco Chem Magnetic separator
US3912634A (en) * 1974-05-01 1975-10-14 Eriez Mfg Co Filter cartridge for a magnetic separator
US4046681A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-09-06 Sala Magnetics, Inc. Multiple matrix assembly and matrix unit for magnetic separator with simplified sealing
US4079002A (en) * 1976-04-15 1978-03-14 Aquafine Corporation Thin-section-matrix magnetic separation apparatus and method
US4142479A (en) * 1975-10-06 1979-03-06 Daidotokushuko Kabushikikaisha Magnetic separators and apparatus for making the same
US4157297A (en) * 1974-10-31 1979-06-05 Max Alth Non-ferrous metal separation by induced attraction system and device
US4209394A (en) * 1979-02-05 1980-06-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Magnetic separator having a multilayer matrix, method and apparatus
US4424124A (en) 1970-03-13 1984-01-03 J. M. Huber Corporation Method and magnetic separator for removing weakly magnetic particles from slurries of minute mineral particles
US4539040A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-09-03 Mawardi Osman K Beneficiating ore by magnetic fractional filtration of solutes
WO1987001608A1 (fr) * 1985-09-16 1987-03-26 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Chambre d'ecoulement a deviation du flux pour separation magnetique a gradient eleve de particules d'un milieu liquide
WO1987001607A1 (fr) * 1985-09-16 1987-03-26 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Appareil d'extraction acoustique de particules d'une matrice de separation magnetique
US5092987A (en) * 1984-12-05 1992-03-03 Akademi Der Wissenschaften Der Ddr Matrix for magnetic separators
US5275292A (en) * 1992-05-18 1994-01-04 Brugger Richard D Eddy current separator
US5700376A (en) * 1994-10-20 1997-12-23 Carpenter; Roland K. Method and apparatus for magnetically treating flowing liquids
US6068768A (en) * 1998-04-13 2000-05-30 Carpenter; Roland K. Apparatus for magnetically treating flowing liquids

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452220A (en) * 1942-05-19 1948-10-26 Bower William Leslie Magnetic separator
US2459534A (en) * 1945-03-23 1949-01-18 J A Zurn Mfg Co Magnetic separator for fluid systems
US2478290A (en) * 1946-10-18 1949-08-09 Hpm Dev Corp Apparatus for removing foreign matter from fluid
US2622699A (en) * 1950-11-15 1952-12-23 Internat Derrick And Equipment Gear case with magnetic lubricant purifying means
US4424124A (en) 1970-03-13 1984-01-03 J. M. Huber Corporation Method and magnetic separator for removing weakly magnetic particles from slurries of minute mineral particles
US3676337A (en) * 1970-07-09 1972-07-11 Massachusetts Inst Technology Process for magnetic separation
US3873448A (en) * 1973-05-09 1975-03-25 Tenneco Chem Magnetic separator
US3912634A (en) * 1974-05-01 1975-10-14 Eriez Mfg Co Filter cartridge for a magnetic separator
US4157297A (en) * 1974-10-31 1979-06-05 Max Alth Non-ferrous metal separation by induced attraction system and device
US4046681A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-09-06 Sala Magnetics, Inc. Multiple matrix assembly and matrix unit for magnetic separator with simplified sealing
US4142479A (en) * 1975-10-06 1979-03-06 Daidotokushuko Kabushikikaisha Magnetic separators and apparatus for making the same
US4079002A (en) * 1976-04-15 1978-03-14 Aquafine Corporation Thin-section-matrix magnetic separation apparatus and method
US4209394A (en) * 1979-02-05 1980-06-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Magnetic separator having a multilayer matrix, method and apparatus
US4539040A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-09-03 Mawardi Osman K Beneficiating ore by magnetic fractional filtration of solutes
US5092987A (en) * 1984-12-05 1992-03-03 Akademi Der Wissenschaften Der Ddr Matrix for magnetic separators
WO1987001607A1 (fr) * 1985-09-16 1987-03-26 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Appareil d'extraction acoustique de particules d'une matrice de separation magnetique
US4664796A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-05-12 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Flux diverting flow chamber for high gradient magnetic separation of particles from a liquid medium
US4666595A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-05-19 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Apparatus for acoustically removing particles from a magnetic separation matrix
WO1987001608A1 (fr) * 1985-09-16 1987-03-26 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Chambre d'ecoulement a deviation du flux pour separation magnetique a gradient eleve de particules d'un milieu liquide
US5275292A (en) * 1992-05-18 1994-01-04 Brugger Richard D Eddy current separator
US5700376A (en) * 1994-10-20 1997-12-23 Carpenter; Roland K. Method and apparatus for magnetically treating flowing liquids
US6068768A (en) * 1998-04-13 2000-05-30 Carpenter; Roland K. Apparatus for magnetically treating flowing liquids

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Publication number Publication date
FR882671A (fr) 1943-06-10

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