US2344122A - Electric lighting equipment - Google Patents

Electric lighting equipment Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2344122A
US2344122A US387300A US38730041A US2344122A US 2344122 A US2344122 A US 2344122A US 387300 A US387300 A US 387300A US 38730041 A US38730041 A US 38730041A US 2344122 A US2344122 A US 2344122A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
discharge
incandescent
light
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US387300A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bay Zoltan
Szigeti Gyorgy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2344122A publication Critical patent/US2344122A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/96—Lamps with light-emitting discharge path and separately-heated incandescent body within a common envelope, e.g. for simulating daylight

Definitions

  • sources of light generally employed deviates more or less from white light, i. e., from the kind of light the color distribution of which is similar to that of sunlight.
  • sources of light in which the radiation of incandescent bodies, as for instance of electric incandescent lamps, is utilized emit relatively more red and yellow rays than blue ones, because the tempera- April 7, 1941, Serial No. 387,300 Ell- 88 April 17, 1940 ture of their incandescent body is lower than the surface temperature of the sun, and no such material is known as could be kept at sun temperature during any considerable length 01. time.
  • the light emitted by a mercury vapor arc shouldbe mixed with that emitted by a solid incandescent body.
  • luminous electrodes or special incandescent lamps besidethe mercury vapor in series with the mercury vapor lamp.
  • a difficulty is caused by the circumthe direct sensation experienced by the human tion, which means that during the period 101-- lowing the moment of lighting the voltage drop along the filament oi the incandescent lamp will besubstantially higherthan during the subsequent period of normal operating conditions.
  • the lighting equipment according to the invention provides for the connection in series of the filament of the incandescent lamp, of the incandescent cathodes 'one of the metal plates 8 and l carrying the contactors should be constructed by the assembly of two metal plates possessing different coeiiicients of thermal expansion, so that it should alter its shape when heated.
  • circuit of the conductor short-circuiting the path of discharge will'enable the discharge to start and will at the same time preferably also open thecircuit of the current flowing through the incandescent cathodes.
  • the current flows through the discharge space and through the incandescent filament connected in series with the latter.
  • the circuit-breaking apparatus current of high intensity will flow through the circuit, which current will within a short time 2 2 and 3 will, under the influence of the current flowing through them, already have reached the condition of incandescence, so that when the circuit is broken a discharge will be set up between the two electrodes in the low-pressure rare gas filling the glass tube I.
  • the small quantity of mercury vapor likewise placed into the glass tube is preferably arranged in the conductor connecting the two incandescent electrodes of the discharge tube, and is of a special design as described below inorder to render the" operation of the lighting equipment automatic.
  • the apparatus according to the invention and its method of operation will be described in a few I will become energized within a short time and the discharge tube, the semitransparent glass wall oi. which is coated with a fluorescent substance and/or contains such substances, begins to emit light.
  • the discharge tube is, in a manner per se known, dimensioned so as to supply, in the visible spectrum, in the form of an emission possessing a line spectrum, not more than 10 per examples with reference to the annexed drawing in which Fig. 1 is a diagram of connection of the appa-' ratus, Whilst Figs. 2" to 4 are axial longitudinal sections of the candle-shaped lamps constituting theequipment.
  • the incandescent electrodes 2 and 3 both terminals of which are led out through the wall of the tube by means of metal conductors so as to enable the electrodes to be heated by means of current passed through them.
  • the incandescent electrodes 2 and 3 are preferably constituted by coiled tungsten wires coated with a substance possessing a high capacity of emission, e. g., with some earth alkali metal oxide.
  • the two incandescent electrodes are connectedv in series with each other, with the filament I of the incandescent lamp 4, and with the circuit breaker apparatus 8 which serves as astarting switch or 'thermalcontroller for current flowto the electrodes.
  • the circuit-breaker 6 breaks the circent of its total emission, whilst the rest of the emission is situated in the ultra-violet part of the spectrum and causes the fluorescent substance to emit light.
  • the discharge tube will reach its normal conditioh of operation.
  • the electrodes 2 and 3 which are connected in series with the incandescent lamp during these ;first few seconds or the period of lighting the tube, and these elec-,
  • trodes can be dimensioned so as to ensure that the aggregate voltage drop set up in them should be equal to the voltage drop set up between the two terminal points of the discharge taking place in the apparatus in its regular operative condition, i. e., between the terminals of the discharge tube. This will also enable the overloading of the incandescent lamp during the initial period I to be avoided, although, as already mentioned, the
  • the circuit-breaker I is designed in such a manner as to allow a current of low intensity to pass through it even though itscontactors 8 and l are not in mutual contact. Under the thermal eflect of 1 the current flowing through them, the contactors of the circuit breaker equipment will after a certain time come into mutual contact.
  • the circuit-breaker apparatus is preferably designed-in such a manner that at least importance of such overloading is very slight. as the period of lighting the tube is very short.
  • the incandescent lamp is mounted on one end of the discharge tube, whereas by its other end the discharge tube Joins on to an incandescent lamp cap.
  • the inner surface of the glass wall of the discharge tube I is coated with a powder of magnesium tungstate.
  • the interior of the discharge tube contains argon gas having a pressure of 5 mm. mercury column, as well as a. quantity of about 30 milligrams oi.v mercury.
  • the electrodes 2 and 3 are so dimensioned as to have a voltage drop of 8 volts.
  • the glass wall of the incandescent lamp 4 is made of opal glass and the constituting or timgsten incandescent filament I arranged in it, which is surrounded by a gas filling consisting of a mixture of 90 per cent of krypton and 10 per cent of nitrogen, is dimensioned in such a manner as to ensure that with a voltage drop oi 80 volts the term of life of the lamp should amount to one thousand hours.
  • the incandescent lamp is fixed on one end of the glass tube III, which glass tube also contains the discharge tube I. This glass tube III is preferably frosted on its internal surf ce or made of opal glass. Its other end is fixed into the lamp'cap Ii.
  • circuit-breaking device 6' is located, the design and method of operation of which may, for example, be the following: In the cold nonoperative condition the bi-metallic electrode elements 8 and 9 arranged symmetrically are not in contact with each other and accordingly a voltage of 110 volts exists between the two elements at the moment of putting descent lamp connected in series with them, so
  • Fig. 3 represents another embodiment of the equipment according to the invention, which is designed for a mains system of 220 volts direct current or alternating current.
  • the lighting equipment consisting of a structural l the Edison cap II is fixed oniits open end. From tential of about 30 volts corresponding to the tion. It is in the interior of the glass tube l0,
  • the lamp according to the above example will during its operation absorb 110 volts, whereof volts represents the share of the incandescent lamp and 30 volts that or the discharge tube.
  • this lamp hardly differs from the lamp described in the second figure; it is only th voltage conditions which are, of course, different.
  • the voltage drop of the discharge tube is 50 volts, whereas that of the incandescent lamp connected in series with it is 1'70 volts.
  • the incandescent lamp is constructed without any supporting tube, notably, the internal leads (electrodes) i1 and i8 of the incandescent filament 5 ar hermetically sealed through the disc is made of pressed glass; It is to this disc that the bulb l of the incan- -descent lamp is sealed.
  • the glass discs i5 and I6 made of pressed glass are arranged on the two ends of the discharge tube 1 and it is through these discs that the pair of current leads of each of the incandescent electrodes 2 and 3 passes.
  • the method of operation of the circuit-breaker apparatus is identical with the one described in connection with Fig.
  • tungstate placed on the glass wall of the discharge tube will emit light of a bluish color and this light together with the light or the kryptonshown on the drawing also possesses-the advanof the mercury vapor discharge tube, and
  • the inner surface ofthe glass tube I is coated with a mixture of magnesium tungstate and of zinc-beryllium silicate, which in itself supplies light of white color. This light will, mixed with the light of'the krypton-filled incandescent lamp, supply a pleasant warm mixed light.
  • the external bulb I3 is preferably made of opal glass.
  • the glass wall i of the discharge tube is made of semi-transparent glass containing a fluorescent substance.
  • the two ends or the tube are closed by closing bodies 24 and 2i made of pressed lass to which the glass tube is fused at the points of fitting 22.
  • the bulb 4 of the incandescent lamp is made of semi-transparent opal glass and likewise fused to the glass body 20.
  • a lamp unit comprising a gaseous electric discharge lamp having a sealed tubular envelope with electrodes therein. a base at one end of said discharge'lamp, and an incandescent lamp comprising a sealed bulb containing a filament and secured to the other end of said discharge lamp.
  • a lamp unit comprising a gaseous electric discharge lamp having a sealed tubular envelope with electrodes therein, a base at one end or said discharge lamp, and an incandescent lamp comprising a sealed bulbcontaining a filament and secured to the other end of said discharge lamp, said filament being electrically connected in series with the discharge gap between the electrodes of said discharge lamp and serving as a ballast therefor.
  • a lamp unit comprising a gaseous electric discharge lamp having a sealed tubular envelope with electrodes therein, a base at one end or said discharge lamp, anincandescent lamp comprising a-sealed bulb containing a filament and secured to theother end or said discharge lamp, and a starting switch for said discharge lamp enclosedinsaid base.
  • a lamp unit comprising a low-pressure mercurv-vapor electric discharge lamp having a sealed tubular envelope with electrodes therein and containing a fluorescent material responsive to the ultraviolet radiation produced .b the discharge, a base at one end of said discharge lamp, and an incandescent lamp comprising a sealed bulb containing a filament and secured to the other end of said discharge lamp, the said fluorescent material being selected to produce, in combination with the light emitted by said filament, 9. white light.
  • a self-contained lamp unit comprising a gaseous electric discharge lamp having a sealed tubular envelope with electrodes therein, a base at one end of said discharge lamp having a pair of contacts, an incandescent lamp comprising a sealed bulb containing a filament and secured to the other end of said discharge lamp, means connecting said base contacts to said electrodes and filament sothat said filament is in series with the discharge gap between said electrodes and serves as a ballast therefor, and a starting switch for said discharge lamp enclosed in said base, said switch being electrically connected across said electrodes to shunt the gap therebetween during starting and cause a preheating current to flow through the electrodes and being automatically operable to break said shunt and permit starting of the discharge between said electrodes.
  • a lamp unit comprising a gaseous electric discharge lainp having a sealed tubular envelope with electrodes therein, .a, base at one end of said discharge lamp, and an incandescent lamp comprising a sealed bulb containing a filament and secured to the other end 01 said discharge lamp, the said discharge lamp envelope and incandescent lamp bulb having a common pressed glass disc-like wall.
  • An imitation candle lamp unit comprising a tubular glass outer jacket, a gaseous electric discharge lamp having a sealed tubular envelope 'with electrodes therein, said discharge lamp bebase having contact terminals connected in series to the thermal controller and one electrode.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US387300A 1940-04-17 1941-04-07 Electric lighting equipment Expired - Lifetime US2344122A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU2344122X 1940-04-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2344122A true US2344122A (en) 1944-03-14

Family

ID=11003792

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US387300A Expired - Lifetime US2344122A (en) 1940-04-17 1941-04-07 Electric lighting equipment

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2344122A (fr)
FR (1) FR871396A (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2567403A (en) * 1947-02-20 1951-09-11 Rock Ola Mfg Corp Illuminative device for projecting continuously changing color designs
US2581546A (en) * 1942-10-29 1952-01-08 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Tubular electric discharge lamp unit
US2682612A (en) * 1950-06-21 1954-06-29 Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co Electrical discharge lamp and arrangements therefor
US2880369A (en) * 1957-07-10 1959-03-31 Engelhard Ind Inc High pressure vapor arc lamp
US3048741A (en) * 1960-08-24 1962-08-07 Duro Test Corp Arc lamp with self-ballasted arc tube and improved lumen maintenance
US3237005A (en) * 1963-03-26 1966-02-22 Atlas Electric Devices Company Lamp filter housing assembly
US3849699A (en) * 1973-12-05 1974-11-19 Gte Sylvania Inc Single base, self-igniting fluorescent lamp
US3878416A (en) * 1973-12-05 1975-04-15 Gte Sylvania Inc Integral fluorescent-incandescent lamp structure
US3974418A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-08-10 General Electric Company Fluorescent lamp unit with ballast resistor and cooling means therefor
US3996493A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-12-07 General Electric Company Fluorescent lamp unit having ballast resistor
US4258287A (en) * 1979-06-13 1981-03-24 General Electric Company Circular fluorescent lamp unit
US4268780A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-05-19 Gte Products Corporation Integrated fluorescent-incandescent lamp assembly
US4278911A (en) * 1979-06-13 1981-07-14 General Electric Company Circular fluorescent lamp unit
US4316120A (en) * 1979-06-13 1982-02-16 General Electric Company Circular fluorescent lamp unit
US20070035253A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-02-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Tanning apparatus

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2581546A (en) * 1942-10-29 1952-01-08 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Tubular electric discharge lamp unit
US2567403A (en) * 1947-02-20 1951-09-11 Rock Ola Mfg Corp Illuminative device for projecting continuously changing color designs
US2682612A (en) * 1950-06-21 1954-06-29 Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co Electrical discharge lamp and arrangements therefor
US2880369A (en) * 1957-07-10 1959-03-31 Engelhard Ind Inc High pressure vapor arc lamp
US3048741A (en) * 1960-08-24 1962-08-07 Duro Test Corp Arc lamp with self-ballasted arc tube and improved lumen maintenance
US3237005A (en) * 1963-03-26 1966-02-22 Atlas Electric Devices Company Lamp filter housing assembly
US3849699A (en) * 1973-12-05 1974-11-19 Gte Sylvania Inc Single base, self-igniting fluorescent lamp
US3878416A (en) * 1973-12-05 1975-04-15 Gte Sylvania Inc Integral fluorescent-incandescent lamp structure
US3974418A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-08-10 General Electric Company Fluorescent lamp unit with ballast resistor and cooling means therefor
US3996493A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-12-07 General Electric Company Fluorescent lamp unit having ballast resistor
US4258287A (en) * 1979-06-13 1981-03-24 General Electric Company Circular fluorescent lamp unit
US4278911A (en) * 1979-06-13 1981-07-14 General Electric Company Circular fluorescent lamp unit
US4316120A (en) * 1979-06-13 1982-02-16 General Electric Company Circular fluorescent lamp unit
US4268780A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-05-19 Gte Products Corporation Integrated fluorescent-incandescent lamp assembly
US20070035253A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-02-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Tanning apparatus
US7641678B2 (en) * 2003-10-02 2010-01-05 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Tanning apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR871396A (fr) 1942-04-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2344122A (en) Electric lighting equipment
JPH0211998B2 (fr)
US2596697A (en) Electrical discharge lamp
US3412286A (en) Refractory-oxide incandescent lamp with preheater
US2038049A (en) Low voltage gas arc lamp
US3093769A (en) Mixed-light electric lamp
US2284103A (en) Thermal switch
US5237240A (en) Mercury vapor discharge lamp containing device for heating amalgam-forming material
US2297258A (en) Discharge device
US2103029A (en) Electric gaseous discharge lamp
US2843801A (en) Electrical discharge lamp
US2295043A (en) Electric discharge lamp
US2252474A (en) Discharge device
US2020736A (en) Gaseous electric discharge device
US2976448A (en) Fluorescent lamp
US2156369A (en) High pressure arc lamp
US2032945A (en) 115 volt ultra-violet lamp
US1908648A (en) Electrical discharge device
US2329455A (en) Electric lamp with connecting device
US2797363A (en) Electric discharge lamp
US2042136A (en) Gaseous electric discharge device
US2200951A (en) Artificial illumination
US2094695A (en) Vapor electric discharge device
US2331881A (en) Low voltage luminescent tube
US2317061A (en) Electric lamp