US2369236A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 13, 1945. 5. ms 21,369,236

GAS BURNER Filed May 10, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet L INVENTOR s. JAROS GAS BURNER Filed May 10, 1941 Feb. 13, 1945.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY taken on lines Psalms Feb. is, 1945 Stanley- Jaros,

Evansville, Ind., asaignor to Servel,

ma, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Dela- Application May 10, 1941, Serial No. 392,845

(o1. 1ss 1o4) 6 Claims.

My invention relates to gas burners.

It is an object of my invention to provide an' improved gas burner of relatively high capacity extinguished.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved horizontal type burner in which the burner flame is of such shape that contacting of the horizontal flue wall by the burner flame is avoided. I j

A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved horizontal type burner of relatively high capacity in which all of the air required to effect complete combustion is supplied.

to a plurality of gas streams and the regions at which air is intimately mixed with the gas streams are eflectively shielded so that flashbacks are avoided. v A still further object of the invention is to flow primary air to several zones for mixing with gas streams in such a manner that the air is utilized as a cooling agent for the gas before the gas mixes with the air. The novel features which I believe to be char.- acteristic of my invention are set forth with particularity in the claims. The invention, both as to organization and method, together with the above and other objects and advantages thereof, will be better understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a burner embodying my invention;

\ source of supply:'

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view, taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 4, to illustrate parts of the' burner more clearly;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view F18. 3i

Figs. 5 and 6 are fragmentary sectional views taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 8; v

Fig.'7 is a fragmentary vertical view, partly broken away and in section, of a burner similar to that shown in Figs. 1 to 3 illustrating a modification of the invention; and 21%.; is an end view taken on line H of 5-4 and 6-4, respectively, of

,a screw 23.

Referring to Fig. 1, the improved-horizontal type burner ll embodying my invention is disposed in a substantially horizontal position in front of a heat receiving part ii provided with a horizontal line i2 into which the burner flame is adapted to project. The burner I'll includes an annular manifold ll having a threaded opening,

to which is connected a conduit ii of a gas supplyline. The manifold l4. forms part of a body member having a cylindrical wall iiforming an open-ended cup. The wall It is formed with openings or ports I! which can be partly covered, when desired, by a shutter comprising a metal clamp ll disposed about the wall and having the ends thereof secured together at is. The openings l'l are provided in wall l6 to supply primary air to the burner II. as will be described presently.

v To the manifold M are threadedly secured a plurality of nozzles 20*. which pass or extend through openings ii in a cover plate 22 which is drawn tightly against the open end of wall It by The nozzles 20 are coaxial with and project into burner tubesor sleeves 24 which are secured at their inner 'ends at It about the openings it in cover plate 22. The tubes or sleeves 24 are imperforate and are disposed about the nozzles 20 for a major portion of their lengths.- The outer ends of nozzles 20 are provided with tips 20 which are threadedly secured in position and utilized to'hold suitable spacers 21 to keep the nozzle tips in properly spaced relation with respect to the burner tubes 24.

The outer ends of the burner tubes or sleeves 24 are secured to Venturi tubes 28, as shown more clearly in Fig. 3. This is accomplished by form- 'ing the Venturi tubes II with depressed or flattoned-portions and indenting the burner tubes or sleeves at such depressed portions, as indicated at 2| in Figs. 3 and 5. The outer ends of the Venturi tubes II are secured, as by welding, for example, to outer tube portions 30 each having a diverging passage ll. To the outer ends of the tube portions in are secured caps 32 provided with discharge orifices :1, Within the caps 32 are secured intersecting wires or spiders 34 provided for a purpose which will be described presently. 1

During operation of the burner Ill, gas is delivered through conduit is to manifold H from which the gas is divided into a plurality of streams for flow through the nozzles 20. The gas issues from the tips It of nozzles 20 into the Venturi tubes 28, and in so doing air isdrawn into the venturis by injection action from the passages 35 surrounding the nozzles. The air flows into the passages 35 from chamber 38 through the openings 2| in cover plate 22, the air being admitted into the chamber 38 through the openings i! in cylindrical wall l8. The gas mixture formed in the Venturi tubes'28 flows through the diverging passages 3| into the caps 32 from which the gas is discharged through the orifices 33.

Although I do not wish to be limited thereto, the burner I is especially suitable for use with gases like manufactured gas, for example, which are relatively fast burning compared to natural gas which contains methane and ethane. In order to insure adequate mixing of air with gas, a part of the air is supplied as primary air and another part is supplied as secondary air. In a relatively large burner in which the primary air is supplied at a single zone in a Venturi or burner tube, the ratio of primary air to gas'is relatively high. By employing a plurality of compactly arranged burner tubes or sleeves 24 having associated outer portions 30, the space between the burner tubes or sleeves is advantageously utilized to allow for ample flow of secondary air which mixes with the gas discharged from the orifices 33. With this arrangement less primary air is required than in a burner of comparable capacity having a single venturi, so that the ratio of primary air to gas is decreased which in turn reduces the occurrence of flashbacks.

The burner l0 described above provides a high capacity burner which is extremely quiet in operation with ratings upwards from 60,000 B. t. u. per hour. In order to eliminate the noise occurring when the primary air is mixed with the gas at one zone in a single gas stream, the burner l0 employs a plurality of nozzles 20 to provide a plurality of gas streams. Small gas burners have less volume per B. t. u. of rating than large burners. For this reason small burners clear themselves of combustible gases very quickly when the burner is extinguished, so that no objectionable noise of extinction is encountered. This advantage-is captured and retained in a large burner like that described herein by employing a plurality of Venturi tubes of, such size that each venturi will clear itself of combustible gases very quickly when the burner flame is extinguished. At the same time the burner described provides a high capacity comparable to. that produced by burner having a single large Venturi without the attendant objections of such a burner with a single large venturi. By providing primary air at a plurality of zones in several gas streams, the same advantages are obtained that result with use of a relatively small burner, in that quiet burner operation is assured not only during normal operation but also at times when the burner flame ls extinguished.

The burner tubes or sleeves 24 and outer tube portions 30 associatedtherewith are compactly arranged together in cylindrical fashion to provide a burner of relatively high capacity which occupies a relatively small amount of space. The burner flames produced at the discharge orifices 33 merge together to provide a single flame which is projected horizontally from the burner l0.

The burner tubes or sleeves 24, cover plate 22, and cylindrical wall I8 of the body member form out before reaching a Venturi tube 28. Thus, flashbacks are effectively prevented by the shielding arrangement provided which forms a more or less circuitous path of flow for air through the openings ll, chamber 38, and passages 35 to the inlets of the Venturi tubes 28.

By providing a plurality of gas streams and intimately mixing combustion supporting gas with each gas stream, a burner of relatively high capacity has been provided in which the distance of travel of the gas mixture is relatively short.

I Referring to Fig. 3, the distance of travel of the gas mixture is from the inlet to the Venturi tubes 28 to the discharge orifices 33. p

The shielding provided by cylindrical wall l8, cover plate 22, and burner tubes or sleeves 2d, which has just been described, possesses another desirable advantage in that air flowing through chamber 38 and the passages 35 exerts a cooling influence on the gas flowing through the nozzles 20. By preventing heating of gas so that there will be no gas expansionin nozzles 20, the likelihood of any change in burner rating due to heating of gases is avoided.

The burner lil'is of rigid construction so that the nozzles 20, burner tubes or sleeves 24, and

associated outer portions 30 will be in proper alignment with respect to each other. For this reason, the spacers 21 are provided at the nozzle tips 28 to insure the gas streams issuing into the centers of the passages of the Venturi tubes 28. When the outer tube portions 30 and caps 32 are not in proper alignment with respect to the bumer tubes or sleeves 24 and nozzles 20, there is quite often a tendency for dead air spaces to be formed at the outer corners of the caps 32 just inside the orifices 33. Such dead air spaces may be termed pockets containing stagnant air which remain unaffected by the gas flowing through the caps 32 at a relatively high velocity.. When the stagnant air mixes with the proper proportion of gas to produce a combustible mixture, ignition of the gas mixture is efiected to produce a flashback. In order to prevent the occurrence of a shield to protect the tips 28 of the nozzles 20 flashbacks, the caps 32 are provided with the spiders 34 which act as air stirrers to prevent the formation of dead or stagnant air spaces, in the event that the parts of the burner are not in proper alignment due to jarring or other injury to which the burner may be subjected.

The burner I0 is readily adapted for use as a two-step burner with half of the burner tubes available in the initial or first stage of operation,

and with all of the burner tubes available inthe final or second stage of operation. Such a modification is shown in Figs. 7 and 8 in which the manifold 14 is provided with a partition or dividing wall 31 and an additional threaded opening to which is connected a conduit 38 of the gas supply line. The top conduit l5 delivers gas to the top half of ,the manifold l5 and the bottom con-= duit 38 delivers gas to the bottom half of the manifold. burner operation, gas is only delivered either to the top or to the bottom half of the manifold, so

that gas will only be supplied to the top or bot in the first tr initial stage of the burner opera- In the initial or first stage of the tion, a Si is also provided in It, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The partition as may be formed integrally with manifold i4 and cylindrical wall It and provided with an opening at its center region through which can pass-the screw is for drawing the cover plate 22 tightly into position against the ends of the wall II and partition 38. Y r Y The quantity of primary -air admitted into chamber 36 through the openings II can .be'

varied by adjusting the position of the shutter .II. It will be noted that the openings H are of tear-drop shape rather than circular. When it is deemed desirable to move the shutter It toward the extreme left with the major part of the openings or ports covered, the remaining uncovered portions at the narrow regions of the openings will not appear as narrow elongated slots or slits, as would be the, case if the ports were circular in shape, but instead will be more circular or round in appearance, and this has been found to be quite advantageous in that any tendency for the openings ll to be clogged by foreign matter in the air is reduced considerably.

The burner II is adapted to be disposed in a horizontal position and, to insure proper positioning of the burner, an L-shaped member ll, which extends lengthwise of the burner, is secured to a tab 4| formed integrally'with and at the bottom part thereof of the manifold ll. The member lilis cut away at its forward part, as shown most clearly in Fig. 1, and at its forward end is provided with a locating pin 42. The locating pin 42 is adapted to fit in an opening in a bracket 0 which is fixed to the front of the heat receiving part II and centrally located with respect to the I flue ii. The L-shaped member is arranged to be secured to a suitable support indicated at N.

In a burnerlike that-described and having a rating in the neighborhood of 60,000 B. t. u. per hour when using manufactured gas, combustion of the gases is completed in a distance of approximately 24 inches from the discharge orifices u of the burner. when the burner flame is projected horizontally into the flue l2, an ample supply of excess air is also drawn in a horizontal direction to'form a blanket about the inner sur-.

face of the flue wall. The forming of a horizontal air blanket in flue i2 is quite essential in order to prevent the flame from actually contacting the flue wall. As the combustion gases pass through In order to make certain that strikingof the fiuewalls by'the burner flame isavoided under all operating conditions encountered, the burner II is constructed so that the rising tendency of .theflameisoflsetb'ybrinsinlthebottomgas streams closer. t setherthanthetopgas Referringtol'ig.4,itwillbeno tedthatthe-individual burner tubes are arranged more or less three to a-group with the burner comprising six groups of tubes. substantially the same quantity ofgasandairisdischargedfromeachgroupof burner tubes. However. the three bottom groups just described, the burner flame is directed lower into the flue l2 than would be the case if the individual burner tubes were all equally spaced.

Stated another way, the burner caps 32 occupy; more or less a cylindrical spacewith the three bottom groups of caps 32 occupying less than half of the space, and with the three top groups occuflcations'and'changes maybe made "without departing from the-spirit and scope of the invention. as pointed out in the following claims.-

What is claimed is: 1. In combination, a horizontal flue, a horizontal type gas burner comprising two cylindrical" chambers located in axial alignment with each other and with said flue, a connection for admitting gas to one of said chambers, theother of said chambers having an adjustable entry for air, a cylindrical cluster of horizontal sleeves secured to and projecting from said casing and each having one end opening into said air chamber, a Venturi type burner tube secured to and projecting from the other end of each of said sleeves, a

the tubes of said cylindrical cluster of burner tubes being divided into an upper and a lower group of equal number and being so located and disposed with respect to each other that the outlets of the lower portion of said cluster 'are closer together than the outlets of the upper portion of said cluster whereby the major portion of the combustion gases-discharged from said outlets is directed toward the lower portion of said horigas, and outlets at which region a horizontally stantially cylindrical cluster and being divided into six groups each containing three burner tubeswith the outlets of all of said burner tubes being grouped substantially adjacent each other whereby secondary air may circulate therebetween and the resulting flame is substantially a single flame, and said burner tubes being so located and arranged with respect to each other that the three bottom groups of outlets are spaced closer together than the three top'groups.

8. Agas-burner comprisingacasingforminga gas chamber and an air chamberlocated inaxial alignment. a connection for admitting gas to one of burner tubes arelocatedand pcsitionedcloser 1e ofsaidchambers,tbeotherofsaidchambershav'- together than the three top groups of burner tubes. By providing a more compact arrangement of the bottom burner tubes in the manner ing an adjustable entry for atmospheric air, a cluster of sleeves secured to and projecting from said casing and each having one end opening into said air chamber, a Venturi type burner tube secured to and projecting from the other end of each of said sleeves, and a corresponding cluster of gas injector tubes each having one end secured to said casing and opening into said gas chamber, each of said gas injector tubes projecting'through said air chamber and into a corresponding one of said sleeves to a point adjacent the inlet end of a corresponding burner tube.

4. A gas burner including a plurality of substantially parallel nozzles, means to introduce gas to said nozzles, structure including a removable plate and a plurality of hollow sleeves providing a chamber enveloping said nozzles and into which may pass atmospheric air serving as a source of primary air, a cluster of Venturi tubes arranged alongside of each other, said tubes providing passages having inlets into whichgas is discharged from said nozzles and outlets at which the burner flame is produced and maintained, said sleeves having the outer ends thereof joined to the'inner ends of said tubes, said removable plate forming a wall of said chamber and having a plurality of openings through which said nozzles extend and at which regions the inner ends of said sleeves are secured, said sleeves having imperforate portions disposed about said nozzles and spaced therefrom to provide annularspaces each having an inlet for air at the region of said plate and from which primary air passes from the other end into the inlets of said tubes, said outlets terminating in a plane transverse to-the longitudinal axes of said tubes and being spaced to permitthe flow of secondary air therebetween but still sufliciently close together so that the individual flames produced and maintained at said outlets merge together to provide a single large flame, the primary air mixing with gas at the inlets of said tubes being drawn solely by injection action through the annular spaces formed by said sleeves, and atmospheric air in the vicinity of and about said tubes constituting the sole source of supply of secondary air mixing with the gas and air mixture issuing from said outlets.

5. A gas burner including a pluralityof subl sleeves being joined to the inlet ends of said tubes.

a casing disposed about and enveloping the inner parts of said nozzles, said casing forming a chamber having an opening or openings for the passage of atmospheric air and communicating with the inner ends of the annular spaces formed by merge together to provide a single large flame,

the primary-air mixing with gas at the inlets '7 of said tubes being drawn solely by injection action through the annular spaces from said chambar, and atmospheric air in the vicinity of and about said tubes constituting the sole source of supply of secondary air mixing with the gas and air mixture issuing from said outlets, and movable means associated with said casing for varying the size of theopening or openings and hence the quantity of primary air flowing into said chamber. r

6. A gas burner as set forth in claim 3 in which said gas chamber includes a manifold, a partition in said manifold providing separate spaces from each of which gas is supplied to a-group of said injector tubes, and a partition dividing said air chamber into separate spaces from each of which

Images