US2396830A - Photographic process and composition for fixing - Google Patents
Photographic process and composition for fixing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2396830A US2396830A US517550A US51755044A US2396830A US 2396830 A US2396830 A US 2396830A US 517550 A US517550 A US 517550A US 51755044 A US51755044 A US 51755044A US 2396830 A US2396830 A US 2396830A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fixing
- ethylenediamine
- grams
- photographic element
- gelatin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229940012017 ethylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 8
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YYDRNPOEMZZTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C=C(N)C=C1N YYDRNPOEMZZTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNZCQSKJAUCCGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C.C[N+]1=C(SC2=C1C=CC=C2)N Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C.C[N+]1=C(SC2=C1C=CC=C2)N RNZCQSKJAUCCGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFCYGFJWHTQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine;trihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.Cl.CC1=C(N)C=C(N)C=C1N ROFCYGFJWHTQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDLUEZJSSHTKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde;1,1-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CC=O.CCOC(C)OCC WDLUEZJSSHTKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGZICOVULPINFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;butanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCC(O)=O UGZICOVULPINFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/38—Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing
Definitions
- Patented Mar. 19 1946 PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR FIXING John I. Crabtree and George T. Eaton, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing.
- This invention relates to improved photo graphic procedure for the treatment of nongelatin emulsion photographic elements and in particular to improved procedure for fixing such photographic elements.
- the invention also pertains to improved fixing compositions for such photographic elements.
- Non-gelatin materials have been used heretofore as protective colloids or carriers as a substitute for gelatin in photographic silver halide emulsions.
- resins such as cellulose nitrate, acetate, acetate-butyrate; polyvinyl acetals such as polyvinyl acetaldehyde acetaland polyvinyl butyraldehyde acetal; cold water soluble polyvinyl acetaldehyde acetal, polyvinyl alcohol and olyvinyl esters'such as hydrolized polyvinyl acetate have been used for this purpose.
- These substitutes are superior to gelatin in many respects but it has been noted that they frequently are not satisfactorily. permeated by fixing solutions so that the removal of silver halide by conventional fixing solutions has in many cases been incomplete or required an inordinately long period of time.
- This invention has for its object to provide improved procedure for the fixing of photographic elements bearing a non-gelatin emulsion. Another object is to provide improved fixing compositions which permit rapid fixing of non-gelatin emulsions, and especially those which have limited permeability to water or to the usual fixing baths. Other objects are to, improve the 7 state of the art.
- our invention includes immersing a photographic element, which comprises a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver halide photographic image, in a bath which contains ethylenediamine and a member of the group consisting of trimethylol amino methane; 2,4,6-triamino toluene trihydrochloride; 6 methyl-2-amino benzo-thiazolium p-toluene sulfonate and thlourea as the essential fixing constituents.
- ethylenediamine-trimethylol amino methane mixtures we prefer to use between about 4 and 50 grams ethylenediamine to between about pend 2, grams of trimethylol amino methane in 100 cc. of'aqueous solution.
- ethylene- Maurine-2,4,6 triamino toluene trihydrochloride mixtures we prefer to use between about 1 and Application January 8, 1944, Serial No. 517,550
- the ethylenediamine-6 methyl-2-amino benzo- 5 thiazolium p-toluenesulfonate mixture we prefer to use between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine to between about 1 and..2 gram of 6-methyl-2 amino behzothiazolium p-toluene sulfonate in 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
- the i0 ethylenediamine-thiourea mixture we prefer to use between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine to between about 8 and 1 grams of thiourea in 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
- the invention is applicable to non-gelatin emulsions in general and will enable shorter iixing times with all such emulsions. It is of particular value in connection with those non-gelatin emulsions which have limited permeability to water.
- the process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constitu- .ents ethylenediamine and fi-methyl- 2 amino benzothiazolium p-toluene sulfonate.
- the process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image and having but limited permeability to water comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine and between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea per 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
- the process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image, and having but limited permeability to water comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 4 and 50 grams of ethylene-- diamine and between about 2 and 9 grams of trimethylol amino methane per 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
- a fixing composition adapted to rapidly fix a a photographic element which includes a nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image.
- which .composition comprises between about 4 and grams of ethylenediamine and between about 2 and 9 grams of trimethylol amino methane per cc. of aqueous solution.
- a fixing composition adapted to rapidly fix a photographic element which includes a nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image which composition comprises between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine and between about .2 and 1 gram of 6-methyl-2-amino benzothiazolium p-toluene sulfonate per 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
Patented Mar. 19 1946 PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR FIXING John I. Crabtree and George T. Eaton, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing.
This invention relates to improved photo graphic procedure for the treatment of nongelatin emulsion photographic elements and in particular to improved procedure for fixing such photographic elements. The invention also pertains to improved fixing compositions for such photographic elements.
Various non-gelatin materials have been used heretofore as protective colloids or carriers as a substitute for gelatin in photographic silver halide emulsions. Thus, resins such as cellulose nitrate, acetate, acetate-butyrate; polyvinyl acetals such as polyvinyl acetaldehyde acetaland polyvinyl butyraldehyde acetal; cold water soluble polyvinyl acetaldehyde acetal, polyvinyl alcohol and olyvinyl esters'such as hydrolized polyvinyl acetate have been used for this purpose. These substitutes are superior to gelatin in many respects but it has been noted that they frequently are not satisfactorily. permeated by fixing solutions so that the removal of silver halide by conventional fixing solutions has in many cases been incomplete or required an inordinately long period of time.
This invention has for its object to provide improved procedure for the fixing of photographic elements bearing a non-gelatin emulsion. Another object is to provide improved fixing compositions which permit rapid fixing of non-gelatin emulsions, and especially those which have limited permeability to water or to the usual fixing baths. Other objects are to, improve the 7 state of the art.
These and other objects are accomplished by our invention which includes immersing a photographic element, which comprises a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver halide photographic image, in a bath which contains ethylenediamine and a member of the group consisting of trimethylol amino methane; 2,4,6-triamino toluene trihydrochloride; 6 methyl-2-amino benzo-thiazolium p-toluene sulfonate and thlourea as the essential fixing constituents.
In the following examples and description we have given several of the preferred embodiments of our invention, but it is to be understood that these are set forth for the purpose of illustration and not'in limitation thereof.
For the ethylenediamine-trimethylol amino methane mixtures we prefer to use between about 4 and 50 grams ethylenediamine to between about pend 2, grams of trimethylol amino methane in 100 cc. of'aqueous solution. For the ethylene- Maurine-2,4,6 triamino toluene trihydrochloride mixtures we prefer to use between about 1 and Application January 8, 1944, Serial No. 517,550
11 Claims.
50 grams of ethylenediamine to between about and 2 grams of 2,4,6 triamino toluene trlhydrochloride in 100 cc. of aqueous solution. For
the ethylenediamine-6 methyl-2-amino benzo- 5 thiazolium p-toluenesulfonate mixture we prefer to use between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine to between about 1 and..2 gram of 6-methyl-2 amino behzothiazolium p-toluene sulfonate in 100 cc. of aqueous solution. For the i0 ethylenediamine-thiourea mixture we prefer to use between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine to between about 8 and 1 grams of thiourea in 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
When using amounts in the upper portion of the ranges given for the ethylenediamine it is preferable as indicated above to use amounts in the lower portion of the range for the other fixing agent. Fixing baths containing the abovenoted proportions of theessential fixing constituents have been tested and in each case have been found to give a fixing time of three to three and one-half minutes or less. The exact proportions and quantities used depend upon the composition ofthe non-gelatin carriers which have been produced with sufilcient variation in structure to usually require fixing baths embodying all of the proportions given above. Proportions somewhat outside the ranges or amounts given can be used with satisfactory results if slower fixing times can be tolerated. In general the higher the concentration of both of the constituents the shorter will be the fixing time. Proportions in the higher ranges are not ordinarily used except for non-gelatin emulsions which are very impermeable. The concentrations indicated give a completely clear film free of silver halide inthree to three and one-half minutes. Similar tests with a conventional fixing bath containing 30% hypo required an hour for a similar degree 40 of fixing.
The invention is applicable to non-gelatin emulsions in general and will enable shorter iixing times with all such emulsions. It is of particular value in connection with those non-gelatin emulsions which have limited permeability to water.
What we claim is: 1. The process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer contain-- ing a developed silver image which'process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains astheessential fixing constituents ethylenediamine-and a member of the group consisting of trimethylolamino methane;
5 2,4,6-triamino toluene trihydrochlcride; 6 methyl-2-amino benzothiazolium p-toluene sulfonate; and thiourea.
2. The process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image, which process comprises immersing said photographic elementin abath which contains as the essential fixing constituents ethylenediamine and thiourea.
which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image and having but limited permeabilityto water, which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 1 audio grams of ethylenediamine and between about .2 and 1 gram of 6- methyl-Z-amino benzothiazolium p-toluene sul- 3. The process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image, which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as th essential fixing constituents ethylenediamine and trimethylol amino methane.
'4. The process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image, which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constitu- .ents ethylenediamine and fi-methyl- 2 amino benzothiazolium p-toluene sulfonate. a
5. The process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image and having but limited permeability to water, which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine and between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea per 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
6. The process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver image, and having but limited permeability to water, which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 4 and 50 grams of ethylene-- diamine and between about 2 and 9 grams of trimethylol amino methane per 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
' 7. The process of fixing a photographic element fonate perlflO cc. of aqueous solution.
8. .A fixing composition adapted to rapidly fix a a photographic element which includes a nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image. which .composition comprises between about 4 and grams of ethylenediamine and between about 2 and 9 grams of trimethylol amino methane per cc. of aqueous solution.
11. A fixing composition adapted to rapidly fix a photographic element which includes a nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image which composition comprises between about 1 and 50 grams of ethylenediamine and between about .2 and 1 gram of 6-methyl-2-amino benzothiazolium p-toluene sulfonate per 100 cc. of aqueous solution.
JOHN I. CRABTREE.
GEORGE T. EATON.
per 100 cc. of
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US517550A US2396830A (en) | 1944-01-08 | 1944-01-08 | Photographic process and composition for fixing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US517550A US2396830A (en) | 1944-01-08 | 1944-01-08 | Photographic process and composition for fixing |
| GB1427444A GB586738A (en) | 1944-07-26 | 1944-07-26 | Improvements relating to photographic solutions and processes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2396830A true US2396830A (en) | 1946-03-19 |
Family
ID=26250438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US517550A Expired - Lifetime US2396830A (en) | 1944-01-08 | 1944-01-08 | Photographic process and composition for fixing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2396830A (en) |
-
1944
- 1944-01-08 US US517550A patent/US2396830A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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