US2420851A - Method of making patterns and use thereof - Google Patents

Method of making patterns and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US2420851A
US2420851A US493828A US49382843A US2420851A US 2420851 A US2420851 A US 2420851A US 493828 A US493828 A US 493828A US 49382843 A US49382843 A US 49382843A US 2420851 A US2420851 A US 2420851A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pattern
core
mold
casting
destructible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US493828A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eric H Zahn
Feagin Roy Chester
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AUSTENAL LAB Inc
AUSTENAL LABORATORIES Inc
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AUSTENAL LAB Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by AUSTENAL LAB Inc filed Critical AUSTENAL LAB Inc
Priority to US493828A priority Critical patent/US2420851A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2420851A publication Critical patent/US2420851A/en
Priority to DEP26189A priority patent/DE829939C/de
Priority to AT176309D priority patent/AT176309B/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/02—Lost patterns

Definitions

  • Our present invention relates generally to the casting art, and has particular reference to certain improved procedures to be employed in the production of cast articles having hollow interiors.
  • While our invention is not necessarily restricted to the casting of any particular type of hollow article. nor to the material of which such casting is to be made. it is primarily useful in the production of cast metallic articles of relatively intricate configuration in which the hollow interior is of irregular shape. especially articles of relatively small size and accurate dimensions.
  • the mechanical arts abound with illustrations of these types of articles. but for the purposes of the present disclosure we have chosen to allude to surgical appliances intended for permanent implantation in the body to reinforce or replace portions of the skeleton structure.
  • an artificial member designed for surgical attachment to the upper end of the shaft of the human femur or hip-bone to serve as a permanent replacement for the head portion of the bone.
  • the present invention permits items of this irregular character to be produced in finished form. in commercial quantities. by the employment of pure casting procedures.
  • the casting is made of a non-corrodible heat-resistant alloy, such as chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy. and is carried out at high temperatures in molds of suitable refractory character.
  • a refractory mold of onepiece chari-cter In the formation of a refractory mold of onepiece chari-cter. it is conventional practice to make a pattern of destructible material (such'as wax, for example) which is a replica of the de sired article. This pattern is invested in the mold material and then destroyed (for example, by melting the wax). thereby leaving a corresponding mold cavity in which the ultimate article may be cast. It is among the objects of the present invention to provide an improved method of making a self-sustaining casting pattern composed entirely of destructible pattern material which is a replica of an article having an irregularly M 2 shaped hollow interior. More particularly, the present method is one which permits such dcstructible patterns to be manufactured in commercial quantities by means of casting operations.
  • destructible material such'as wax, for example
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an improved method of utilizing a model of the ultimate desired article for the general purpose of making a cored mold, and for the specific purpose of making a cored mold of sectional character in which destructible patterns of the type hercinbeiore referred to may be made.
  • a convenient and preferred procedure involves the formation of the core and the surrounding pattern of waxes or equivalent materials of meltable character, the melting temperature of the core being suiiiciently below the melting temperature of the pattern so that the core elimination may be enected by subjecting it to the lower temperature.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a core whose formation is one of the first steps involved in carrying out the present process:
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view the core elimination may be eifected.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 3-4 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the intermediate product resulting from the employment of themold of Figures2and3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the destructible pattern which is produced by eliminating the core from the assembly of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view through a one-piece refractory mold in which the pattern of Figure 5 has been invested and from which it has thereupon been eliminated;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the ultimate article which is cast in the mold of Figure 6.
  • the article I 0 which we have chosen to illustrate (Figure 7) is a hollow artificial femur head, but it will be understood that this item is merely an illustrative example of a wide variety of different articles which may be produced by the practice of the present invention. It should also be mentioned that the article II as illustrated herein is not intended to be an absolutely accurate representation 01 the surgical appliance, numerous contour and other details having been omitted for the sake of simplicity.
  • the article III has a substantially cylindrical stem portion Ii merging with an oblique neck I 2 upon which a substantially spherical head II is formed.
  • the stem II is ultimately intended to be secured by any suitable technique of bone surgery to the shaft portion of the femur which is to be re-built, while the rounded head it is intended to establish a pivotal relationship within the corresponding socket of the aoetabulum.
  • the stem p rtion ii there are irregular protuberances (indicated generally by the reference numeral M) which correspond to the eminences normally present on a natural femur (known as trochanters) for muscle-attachment purposes.
  • these protuberances ll may be provided with loops or the like to facilitate suturing.
  • the artificial appliance is made substantially hollow as indicated in Figure '7. being in eilect a mere shell of suitable material (such as an alloy of the character hereinbefore mentioned) whose strength. stability, chemical resistance and other properties are adequate for the purpose.
  • suitable material such as an alloy of the character hereinbefore mentioned
  • This mold is composed of two or more separable complementary sections (such as the four sections l1 herein illustrated by way of example), these sections being provided with special openings which accommodate the extensions I l, as shown, and provided with a casting cavity I. which conforms in shape and size to the external characteristics of the desired article.
  • the mold is composed of some suitable permanent material, such as metal. and may be of any conventional structural character provided with positioning lugs 4 and the like (not shown) to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the mold sections.
  • a sprue or sprues are formed in a suitable locality to permit the introduction of the material which is to be cast around the core l5.
  • This destructible pattern is then invested in mold material 20 (see Figure 6) which may be, for example, of refractory composition.
  • mold material 20 which may be, for example, of refractory composition.
  • the pattern i5 is destroyed and eliminated, thereby leaving a casting cavity ii of corresponding contour and shape.
  • the pattern It is preliminarily associated with a suitable projecting portion or portions of like destructible material so as to form the sprue opening I! in the mold 20. It is through this opening, and such other openings as may be provided for the same purpose. that the material of the pattern It, when destroyed, is allowed to escape.
  • the pattern is of meltable material, its elimination from the mold 20 would be accomplished by subjecting it to heat and allowing the molten pattern material to flow out through the opening 22.
  • the opening 22 serves also as a passage-way for the introduction of the ultimate metallic material of which the final casting is to be made.
  • the mold 20 is usually predicated to a temperature of about 2000 F., and the molten alloy is usually heated to a temperature of about 2800' F., and is introduced into the mold 20 under pressure. Ultimately, the mold II is destroyed to free the casting which has been formed within it.
  • a solid model is first made either of wood, ivory, metal, or any other desired composition. which conforms in external shape and size to the ex-- ternal characteristics of the desired article.
  • This model has the external appearance, when first formed, of the structure shown in Figure 4 of the present drawings. It is employed in any conventional or suitable manner to form the complementary mold sections i1 and in achieving this result it may be desirable, for example, to employ the procedure described and illustrated in Patent No. 2,308,516.
  • the model is then altered, by carving or whittling it down, or otherwise reducing and changing its shape and possibly adding locating tabs or the like, so that it ultimately appears like the item shown in Figure 1 of the present drawings.
  • the mold which forms the core I! may be constructed with a multiplicity of casting cavities so that a plurailty'oi cores may be produced at the same time.
  • the mold of Figures 2 and 3 may also be constructed, if desired, with a series or separate casting cavities, preferably communicating with one another, so that a plurality of destructible patterns may be formed in one operation.
  • the materials of which the core and pattern are made may be of various types. For example, they may be so chosen as to have difierentlal characteristics of solubility.
  • the core might be of water-soluble (or water-dispersable) material while the pattern material is insoluble in water.
  • the water-soluble or -dispersabls materials of which the core could be composed are certain oi the polyhydric alcohol esters such as di-glycol stearate, di-ethylene-glycol monostearate, glyceryl tartrate, or the like; or certain dehydrated condensed glycols such as the polyglycols; or certain of the polyallrylene oxides (currently available under the name "carbowax”): or acetamide.
  • polyvinyl alcohol might well be added to impart greater strength.
  • salts which are very soluble in hot solutions and less soluble in cold solutions, and which are adapted to take up water or crystallisation.
  • salts such as sodium thiosulphate; magnesium chloride, sodium bichromate, and ammonium aluminum sulphate are oi this type and have been found satisfactory in forming strong cores with smooth surfaces.
  • the cores may be i'ormed by crystallization from hot supersaturated solutions of the salts, e. g., by introducing such hot solutions into the core molds and allowing the crystalline hydrate to term as cooling proceeds.
  • Calcium chloride is typical oi another kind of salt which could be used in much the same manner, except that calcium chloride takes up alcohol of crystallization to form a crystalline water-soluble cor material. Accordingly, the use of salts ior the present purpose is not necessarily restricted to water solutions but may involve alcohol solutions as well, or water-alcohol solutions.
  • any of a large group of materials, insoluble in or immune to water, might be emlayed for the outer pattern.
  • any or the commonly-employed wax mixtures could be used. such as a mixture of carnauba, candelila, and beeswax, with or without peraflin: or a mixture or the foregoing with polymeriaed terpene: or a mixture or oarnauba, paraiiin. and polybutene.
  • Other possible materials are acrylic resin, or polystyrene resin, or mixtures at these substances with other resins, waxes, or the like. In 'each case.
  • the pattern material is or moldable (i. a, eastable) character, and is destruotible to permit its ultimate elimination from the one- 6 piece mold in which it is to be invested.
  • moldable i. a, eastable
  • it wax mixtures are employed, they can be eliminated by the dissolving action 01' a suitable solvent, or by melting them or by other means; and ii acrylic or polystyrene resins or the like are employed, they can be eliminated by the destructive burning or decomposing action oi heat, or by other means.
  • pattern materials are not soluble in ethyl alcohol, hence an alternative way oi carrying out the process may reside in using any 0! these materials to form a pattern which is cast around a core composed of a material which will yield to the dissolving action oi ethyl alcohol.
  • alcohol-soluble materials suitable for the present purpose, might be mentioned sorbitol lactate, sorbitol dl-stearabc, polyvinyl acetate resin, acetamide, or the like.
  • the core and pattern materials are to compose the core of a relatively lowmelting-point substance.
  • the outer pattern is formed of one or the conventionally-employed wax mixtures it may have a melting point 01' approximately 76 C. In the case of carnauba wax mixtures the melting point might be approximately 83'-86 C.
  • the core might then be composed, for example, oi any of the following illustrative materials:
  • Cocoa butter which melts at 3045 C.
  • Tetrachloro (l, 2, 3, 4) benzene which melts at or of any other suitable material having a melting temperature appreciably lower than that oi the pattern material, care being taken, of course. when the pattern material is formed around the core, that the latter is adequately pre-chilled or otherwise guarded against destruction at this stage or the process.
  • the destruction of the core and its consequent elimination from the pattern may then be accomplished by merely subjecting it under controlled conditions (e. g., in a water bath or the like) to the lower temperature.
  • a number of types of powdered or ground tillers may be used in either the core matcrial or the pattern material or both.
  • Such fillers might consist, for example, of acrylic or vinyl resins, or simple inorganic or organic compounds and waxes, and it properly chosen they serve to decrease shrinkage of the core or pattern, a the case may be, and help to produce more accurate results.
  • the invention is not restricted to the use of the particular materials mentioned merely by way of example, ".0? to the particular modes of core or pattern destruction described.
  • the core may be destroyed and thus eliminated from the pattern by any suitable or desired procedure so long as it leaves the destructlble pattern it let for its contemplated subsequent investment: and the destruction of the pattern to eliminate it from the mold material in which it is invested may similerly be accomplished by any suitable or desired means.
  • the important i'eature oi the invention resides in the proper selection of the destructible materials employed to form the core and pattern, wherebythestepsottheentireprocessmaybe 2,42o,ss1
  • a method of making a cast metallic article having a hollow interior which consists in forming a core of destructible material conforming to said hollow interior, casting differentially destructible material around said core to form a destructible pattern which is a replica of the desired article, destroying the core to eliminate it from said pattern, said core elimination bein effected by subjecting it to a destructive action to which the pattern material is immune, investing the resultant hollow pattern in refractory mold material and then destroying it to eliminate it and thereby leave a corresponding mold cavity in the refractory material, and casting the desired metallic article in said cavity.
  • a method of making a cast metallic article having a hollow interior which consists in forming a core of destructlble material conforming to said hollow interior, casting differentially destructible wax material around said core to form a destructible wax pattern which is a replica of the desired article, destroying the core to eliminate it from said pattern, said core elimination being affected by subjecting it to a destructive action to which the wax pattern material is immune, investing the resultant hollow wax pattern in refractory mold material and then destroying it to eliminate it and thereby leave a corresponding mold cavity in the refractory material, and casting the desired metallic article in said cavity.
  • a method of making a cast metallic article having a hollow interior which consists in forming a core of destructible material conforming to said hollow interior, casting differentially destructible material around said core to form a destructible pattern which is a replica of the desired article, destroying the core to eliminate it from said pattern, said core elimination being effected by subjecting it to the destructive action of a solvent in which the pattern material is insoluble, investing the resulting hollow pattern in refractory mold material and then destroying it 8 to eliminate it and thereby leave a corresponding mold cavity in the refractory material, and casting the desired metallic article in said cavity.
  • a method of making a cast metallic article having a hollow interior which consists in forming a core of destructlble material conforming to said hollow interior, casting differentially destruetible material around said core to form a destructible pattern which is a replica of the desired article, destroying the core to eliminate it from said pattern, said core elimination being effected by subjecting it to a destructive heat treatment to which the pattern material is immune, investing the resultant hollow pattern in refractory mold material and then destroying it to eliminate it and thereby leave a corresponding mold cavity in the refractory material, and casting the desired metallic article in said cavity.
  • a method of making a cast metallic article having a hollow interior which consists in forming a core of destructible material conforming to said hollow interior, casting differentially destructible material around said core to form a destruotible pattern which is a replica of the desired article. destroying the core to eliminate it from said pattern, said core being composed of a material which melts at a temperature below the melting temperature of the pattern material, and said core elimination being effected by melting it at said lower temperature, investing the resultant hollow pattern in refractory mold material and then destroying it to eliminate it and thereby-leave a corresponding mold cavity in the refractory material, and casting the desired metallic article in said cavity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US493828A 1943-07-08 1943-07-08 Method of making patterns and use thereof Expired - Lifetime US2420851A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US493828A US2420851A (en) 1943-07-08 1943-07-08 Method of making patterns and use thereof
DEP26189A DE829939C (de) 1943-07-08 1948-12-23 Verfahren zum Herstellen hohler Gussstuecke
AT176309D AT176309B (de) 1943-07-08 1949-04-06 Verfahren zum Herstellen von hohlen Gußstücken durch Präzisionsguß

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2691197A (en) * 1951-06-21 1954-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process of making wax patterns
US2736077A (en) * 1956-02-28 Method of making shell mold
US2754570A (en) * 1952-04-26 1956-07-17 Thompson Prod Inc Method of producing a cast alloy coated oxidizable metal article
US2793412A (en) * 1950-12-15 1957-05-28 Gen Motors Corp Blade investment casting process
US2999995A (en) * 1957-05-20 1961-09-12 Bourns Inc Mechanically variable resistor
US3070862A (en) * 1960-09-22 1963-01-01 Union Carbide Corp Method for recovery of expendable pattern material
US3311956A (en) * 1965-05-24 1967-04-04 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Casting process employing soluble cores
US3340923A (en) * 1964-05-20 1967-09-12 James W Benfield Sprue pin and reservoir combination
US3356129A (en) * 1964-06-30 1967-12-05 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Process of casting metals by use of water-soluble salt cores
US3372898A (en) * 1965-05-24 1968-03-12 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Metal casting system with anhydrous calcium chloride core
US3374824A (en) * 1965-07-13 1968-03-26 Thomas E. Snelling Displacement process for the casting of metals
US3407864A (en) * 1965-06-12 1968-10-29 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Forming hollow cast articles
US3426832A (en) * 1966-12-28 1969-02-11 Cons Foundries & Mfg Method of making metal patterns and core boxes for shell molding
US3459253A (en) * 1964-03-25 1969-08-05 Wellworthy Ltd Method of casting pistons
US3465808A (en) * 1966-09-07 1969-09-09 Trw Inc Plastic pattern method for investment casting
US4108931A (en) * 1975-01-15 1978-08-22 Ralph Ogden System of making molds for investment casting
US4195683A (en) * 1977-12-14 1980-04-01 Trw Inc. Method of forming metal article having plurality of airfoils extending outwardly from a hub
US4326326A (en) * 1980-07-09 1982-04-27 The Merion Corporation Method of making metal golf club head
US4472092A (en) * 1982-08-09 1984-09-18 Schmidt Glenn H Fabrication of metal shell golf club heads
US4499940A (en) * 1983-08-01 1985-02-19 Williams International Corporation Casting process including making and using an elastomeric pattern
DE3532432A1 (de) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-20 Murata Kikai K.K., Kyoto Changierwalze und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4808360A (en) * 1986-07-28 1989-02-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of producing mold for slip casting and method of molding slip casting
US4834091A (en) * 1987-04-10 1989-05-30 Ott Douglas E Intrauterine fallopian tube ostial plug and surgical process
US5247984A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-09-28 Howmet Corporation Process to prepare a pattern for metal castings
WO1995001233A1 (en) * 1991-05-24 1995-01-12 Howmet-Tempcraft, Inc. Producing an expendable pattern for metal castings

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1067570B (de) * 1951-11-15 1959-10-22 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Praezisionsgiessverfahren
DE1107899B (de) * 1956-05-29 1961-05-31 Morris Bean & Company Modellmasse fuer zerstoerbare Giessmodelle bei Genaugiessformen
CH364588A (fr) * 1956-07-20 1962-09-30 Fairey Aviat Limited Procédé de fabrication d'un modèle en cire d'un article creux
DE1174456B (de) * 1957-08-15 1964-07-23 Sulzer Ag Modellwerkstoff fuer das Praezisionsgiessverfahren
DE1053742B (de) * 1957-08-15 1959-03-26 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zum Entfernen von verlorenen Modellen aus Praezisionsgiessformen
DE1145303B (de) * 1957-08-16 1963-03-14 Ind Onderneming W H Braskamp N Verwendung von Thioverbindungen als Haarformungsmittel
DE1108861B (de) * 1958-04-12 1961-06-15 Harold F Shroyer Giessverfahren unter Verwendung eines ohne merkliche Rueckstaende verbrennbaren Modells
DE1130783B (de) * 1959-07-17 1962-06-07 Hermann Schwarz Kommanditgesel Druckmittelbetriebener Stuetzkoerper fuer den Grubenausbau
DE1191519B (de) * 1960-03-18 1965-04-22 Sumitomo Metal Ind Modellmaterial fuer das Praezisionsgiessverfahren
DE1253870B (de) * 1962-05-29 1967-11-09 Philips Nv Masse zum Herstellen von wasserloeslichen Kernen fuer Wachsmodelle fuer das Praezisionsgiessverfahren
DE1168019B (de) * 1962-08-03 1964-04-16 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen von verlorenen Modellen fuer das Praezisionsgiessverfahren
DE2760437C2 (de) * 1976-04-05 1990-03-22 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar), Paris, Fr
GB1601817A (en) * 1977-05-31 1981-11-04 Ford Motor Co Plastics moulding process
DE3530910A1 (de) * 1984-08-31 1986-03-13 Hitachi, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Verfahren zur herstellung von giessformen
CA2238179A1 (en) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-19 Robert Baum Method for producing hollow article and article produced thereby
RU2151023C1 (ru) * 1999-02-01 2000-06-20 Помельникова Ольга Николаевна Способ изготовления пустотелых ювелирных изделий

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1364123A (en) * 1919-08-18 1921-01-04 Entpr Foundry Company Hollow pattern and method of producing molds
US1421988A (en) * 1921-12-16 1922-07-04 William H Richards Apparatus for casting fillings for teeth
US1554597A (en) * 1923-07-11 1925-09-22 Percy Robert Fender Offset printing press
US1566840A (en) * 1924-11-25 1925-12-22 Edward L Dillman Method of making dental plates
US1697438A (en) * 1924-04-07 1929-01-01 James H Wagenhorst Method of making rubber-tired wheels
US2017216A (en) * 1930-08-14 1935-10-15 Margon Corp Apparatus for plastic molding

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1364123A (en) * 1919-08-18 1921-01-04 Entpr Foundry Company Hollow pattern and method of producing molds
US1421988A (en) * 1921-12-16 1922-07-04 William H Richards Apparatus for casting fillings for teeth
US1554597A (en) * 1923-07-11 1925-09-22 Percy Robert Fender Offset printing press
US1697438A (en) * 1924-04-07 1929-01-01 James H Wagenhorst Method of making rubber-tired wheels
US1566840A (en) * 1924-11-25 1925-12-22 Edward L Dillman Method of making dental plates
US2017216A (en) * 1930-08-14 1935-10-15 Margon Corp Apparatus for plastic molding

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736077A (en) * 1956-02-28 Method of making shell mold
US2793412A (en) * 1950-12-15 1957-05-28 Gen Motors Corp Blade investment casting process
US2691197A (en) * 1951-06-21 1954-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process of making wax patterns
US2754570A (en) * 1952-04-26 1956-07-17 Thompson Prod Inc Method of producing a cast alloy coated oxidizable metal article
US2999995A (en) * 1957-05-20 1961-09-12 Bourns Inc Mechanically variable resistor
US3070862A (en) * 1960-09-22 1963-01-01 Union Carbide Corp Method for recovery of expendable pattern material
US3459253A (en) * 1964-03-25 1969-08-05 Wellworthy Ltd Method of casting pistons
US3340923A (en) * 1964-05-20 1967-09-12 James W Benfield Sprue pin and reservoir combination
US3356129A (en) * 1964-06-30 1967-12-05 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Process of casting metals by use of water-soluble salt cores
US3311956A (en) * 1965-05-24 1967-04-04 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Casting process employing soluble cores
US3372898A (en) * 1965-05-24 1968-03-12 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Metal casting system with anhydrous calcium chloride core
US3407864A (en) * 1965-06-12 1968-10-29 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Forming hollow cast articles
US3374824A (en) * 1965-07-13 1968-03-26 Thomas E. Snelling Displacement process for the casting of metals
US3465808A (en) * 1966-09-07 1969-09-09 Trw Inc Plastic pattern method for investment casting
US3426832A (en) * 1966-12-28 1969-02-11 Cons Foundries & Mfg Method of making metal patterns and core boxes for shell molding
US4108931A (en) * 1975-01-15 1978-08-22 Ralph Ogden System of making molds for investment casting
US4195683A (en) * 1977-12-14 1980-04-01 Trw Inc. Method of forming metal article having plurality of airfoils extending outwardly from a hub
US4326326A (en) * 1980-07-09 1982-04-27 The Merion Corporation Method of making metal golf club head
US4472092A (en) * 1982-08-09 1984-09-18 Schmidt Glenn H Fabrication of metal shell golf club heads
US4499940A (en) * 1983-08-01 1985-02-19 Williams International Corporation Casting process including making and using an elastomeric pattern
DE3532432A1 (de) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-20 Murata Kikai K.K., Kyoto Changierwalze und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4951732A (en) * 1984-09-12 1990-08-28 Murata Kikai Kabushi Kaisha Traverse drum manufacturing method
US4808360A (en) * 1986-07-28 1989-02-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of producing mold for slip casting and method of molding slip casting
US4834091A (en) * 1987-04-10 1989-05-30 Ott Douglas E Intrauterine fallopian tube ostial plug and surgical process
US5247984A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-09-28 Howmet Corporation Process to prepare a pattern for metal castings
WO1995001233A1 (en) * 1991-05-24 1995-01-12 Howmet-Tempcraft, Inc. Producing an expendable pattern for metal castings

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AT176309B (de) 1953-10-10
DE829939C (de) 1952-01-31

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