US2461475A - Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid - Google Patents

Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid Download PDF

Info

Publication number: US2461475A
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: gelatin; subbing; ascorbic acid; film; solvent
Prior art date: 1946-12-18
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

US717095A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Frank J Kaszuba

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

GAF Chemicals Corp

Original Assignee

General Aniline and Film Corp

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1946-12-18

Filing date

1946-12-18

Publication date

1949-02-08

Priority to CA463324A priority Critical patent/CA463324A/fr

1946-12-18 Application filed by General Aniline and Film Corp filed Critical General Aniline and Film Corp

1946-12-18 Priority to US717095A priority patent/US2461475A/en

1949-02-08 Application granted granted Critical

1949-02-08 Publication of US2461475A publication Critical patent/US2461475A/en

1966-02-08 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 title description 30
239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 title description 30
229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 title description 30
235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 title description 30
235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 title description 30
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 26
CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 title description 25
229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 title description 7
235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 title description 7
239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 title description 7
OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 5
ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 5
-1 acetic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 5
239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cellulose acetate Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O.CC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(C)=O)O1.CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 5
RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 5
239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 5
239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 2
230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
CMXPERZAMAQXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate;1,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O.CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC CMXPERZAMAQXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
238000009498 subcoating Methods 0.000 description 1
230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means

Definitions

This invention relates to photographic film and particularly to subbing compositions therefor.
gelatino silver-halide emulsion will not adhere to an untreated film base.
An intermediate or subcoating layer is necessary to prevent frilling of the gelatin layer when wet, or stripping when dry. Since hardened gelatin, as used for glass plates does not adhere to a film base, it is necessary to use a mixture of gelatin with an organic solvent for the material of the film base, such as acetone, ethyl acetate, an alcohol-ether or an alcohol-acetone mixture.
Gelatin is insoluble in these organic solvents and the film base is insoluble in water, but it is possible to prepare dispersions consisting of gelatin in a mixture of one of the organic solvents and water with a volatile organic acid, such as acetic acid, and the like, as a dispersing agent.
a volatile organic acid such as acetic acid, and the like
the present invention has as an object to overcome the above-mentioned diificulties and to provide a, method of dispersing gelatin in a subbing composition by means of dispersing agents, which will not desensitize and artificially age the gelatino silver-halide emulsion layer and which will not corrode the film-making machinery or solvent recoverysystem connected therewith.
Another object is to provide a non-desensitizing, non-corrosive dispersing agent for gelatin in subbing compositions.
a further object is to provide a new type of gel solution in which the gelatin is dispersed by means of a non-desensitizing, non-corrosive dispersing agent, which has no adverse effect upon photographic gelatino silver-halide emulsions.
vitamin C dispersing agents in gelatin subbing compositions, of ascorbic acid (the enol of the l-form of the 'ylactone of 2.4.5.6-tetrahydroxy-3-ketohexanoic acid), commonly referred to as vitamin C, and characterized by the following formula:
TTJ in ZED-( )11 HilOH stantially an organic solvent or mixture of such solvents may vary from 94.5% to 98.5%. All proportions are by weight.
the subbing compositions are made by mixing the components in various ways so as to form a free flowing composition which dries or sets Within a reasonable length of time and forms a thin layer on a film base.
the organic solvent or mixtures thereof are then mixed with the aqueous dispersion of gelatin, and the solution thus obtained is deposited on a film base in any convenient manner, such as by beading, immersion; roll application, or otherwise, the sub-- bing operation preferably being carried out in connection with, or as a part of, the process of making the film support itself.
the subbing solutions made up as above described are clear dis-- persions of gelatin in the solvent mixture.
the film bases used in accordance with this invention are the cellulose derivatives, e. g., cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and other lower fatty acid esters of cellulose including simple and mixed esters, such as cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate and the iike, ethers of cellulose, such as the ethyl ether, benzyl ether, and the like, or of any film-forming polymer or resin, such as polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, and the like, superpolymers as described in United States Patents 2,071,250-2-3 and 2,130,948.
cellulose derivatives e. g., cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and other lower fatty acid esters of cellulose including simple and mixed esters, such as cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate,
the solvent or solvent mixture employed does not dissolve gelatin, but must be :such that it will have a solvent or at least a softening or swelling action on the film base :so as to stick or anchor the gelatin upon the area of the base which has been softened or swollen, and the term solven as used in the claims should be so construed.
the solvent or solvent mixture employed does not dissolve gelatin, but must be :such that it will have a solvent or at least a softening or swelling action on the film base :so as to stick or anchor the gelatin upon the area of the base which has been softened or swollen, and the term solven as used in the claims should be so construed.
the solvent or solvent mixture employed does not dissolve gelatin, but must be :such that it will have a solvent or at least a softening or swelling action on the film base :so as to stick or anchor the gelatin upon the area of the base which has been softened or swollen, and the term solven as used
a cellulose acetate or a superpolymer base glycerol-uchlorohydrin
a low molecular weight alcohol e. g., methanol, ethanol, and the like
a ketone such as acetone
EIYCBIOI-a-QhlOIOhYdI'll'l, alcohol and acetone may be employed.
the ratio of alcohol to acetone ranges from about 30-60% to 75-25%, respectively.
an alkyl ester such as, for example, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and the like, either alone or with methanol, glycerol-achlorohydrin or 1.4-dioxane, may be efiectively employed.
the weight of glycerol-a-chlorohydrin employed may vary from 1% to 5%. It may be pointed out at this point that the nature of the organic solvent or solvent mixture is immaterial so long as it Wets or bites into the cellulose derivative and superpolymer film base material, and the term solvent as used in the claims should be so construed. Since the materials suitable for film base and their solvent properties are known, no difiiculty is presented. in selecting a suitable solvent or solvent mixture for use in the subbing compositions.
Example I A film base of cellulose acetate was coated with the following subbing solution:
the subbing layer had dried, the usual light-sensitive emulsion layer was coated directly on it. After exposure and processing the emulsion adhered tenaciously to the cellulose acetate film support.
the subbing layer had dried, the usual light-sensitive emulsion layer was coated directly on it. After exposure and processing the emulsion adhered tenaciously to the cellulose acetatepropionate film support.
Example III A film base prepared from poly(vinyl chloridevinyl acetate) was coated with the following subbing solution:
the subbing layer had dried, the usual light-sensitive emulsion layer was coated directly on it. After exposure and processing, the emulsion adhered tenaciously to the synthetic linear superpolymer film support.
the small quantity of vitamin C which may remain with the gelatin after evaporation of the water and organic solvent from the subbing composition, has no adverse effect upon thelight sensitive emulsion layer, nor has the subbing composition any adverse effect upon the con-- tainers in which it is stored, or upon the coating equipment employed.
a gelatin compositionsuitable for subbing a photographic film support which comprises from 0.5% to 1.5% of gelatin dispersed in from 94.5%-
a gelatin composition suitable for subbing a cellulose derivative film support which comprises from 05% to 1.5% of gelatin dispersed in a mixture of 62.0% of acetone, 32.0% of methyl alcohol,
a gelatin com-position suitable for subbing a cellulose acetate film support which comprises 1.0% of gelatin dispersed in a mixture of 62.0%
a gelatin composition suitable for subbing a cellulose acetate-propionate film support which comprises 0.7% of gelatin dispersed with a mixture of 55.0% of acetone, 40.0% of methyl alcohol, and 2.1% of water, by means of 0.2% of ascorbic acid.

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

US717095A 1946-12-18 1946-12-18 Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid Expired - Lifetime US2461475A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CA463324A CA463324A (fr)	1946-12-18		Composition d'encollage a la gelatine contenant de l'acide ascorbique (vitamine c)
US717095A US2461475A (en)	1946-12-18	1946-12-18	Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US717095A US2461475A (en)	1946-12-18	1946-12-18	Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
US2461475A true US2461475A (en)	1949-02-08

Family

ID=24880694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
US717095A Expired - Lifetime US2461475A (en)	1946-12-18	1946-12-18	Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid

Country Status (2)

Country	Link
US (1)	US2461475A (fr)
CA (1)	CA463324A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE946327C (de) *	1953-03-29	1956-07-26	Agfa Ag Fuer Photofabrikation	Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Weissen von nach dem Silbersalz-Diffusionsverfahren hergestellten photographischen Bildern
WO1990004619A1 (fr) *	1988-10-17	1990-05-03	Gaf Chemicals Corporation	Revetements protecteurs pour supports d'enregistrement polyacetyleniques
US4985290A (en) *	1988-10-17	1991-01-15	Gaf Chemicals Corporation	Protective coatings for polyacetylenic recording media
EP0557045A1 (fr) *	1992-02-17	1993-08-25	Imperial Chemical Industries Plc	Film polymère
US5690994A (en) *	1992-02-17	1997-11-25	Imperial Chemical Industries Plc	Polymetric film

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US2313570A (en) *	1940-09-25	1943-03-09	Eastman Kodak Co	Photographic layer capable of receiving writing
US2341877A (en) *	1940-10-07	1944-02-15	Du Pont	Sublayers for film elements and preparation thereof

0
- CA CA463324A patent/CA463324A/fr not_active Expired
1946
- 1946-12-18 US US717095A patent/US2461475A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US2313570A (en) *	1940-09-25	1943-03-09	Eastman Kodak Co	Photographic layer capable of receiving writing
US2341877A (en) *	1940-10-07	1944-02-15	Du Pont	Sublayers for film elements and preparation thereof

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE946327C (de) *	1953-03-29	1956-07-26	Agfa Ag Fuer Photofabrikation	Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Weissen von nach dem Silbersalz-Diffusionsverfahren hergestellten photographischen Bildern
WO1990004619A1 (fr) *	1988-10-17	1990-05-03	Gaf Chemicals Corporation	Revetements protecteurs pour supports d'enregistrement polyacetyleniques
US4952244A (en) *	1988-10-17	1990-08-28	Gaf Chemicals Corporation	Protective coatings for polyacetylenic recording media
US4985290A (en) *	1988-10-17	1991-01-15	Gaf Chemicals Corporation	Protective coatings for polyacetylenic recording media
EP0557045A1 (fr) *	1992-02-17	1993-08-25	Imperial Chemical Industries Plc	Film polymère
US5690994A (en) *	1992-02-17	1997-11-25	Imperial Chemical Industries Plc	Polymetric film
US5698329A (en) *	1992-02-17	1997-12-16	Imperial Chemical Industries Plc	Polymeric film
US5770312A (en) *	1992-02-17	1998-06-23	Imperial Chemical Industries Plc	Polymeric film

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
CA463324A (fr)	1950-02-21

Publication	Publication Date	Title
DE1266126B (de)	1968-04-11	Lichtempfindliches photographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial
US3502501A (en)	1970-03-24	Process for preparing auxiliary layers for photographic materials prepared from synthetic polymers
US2461475A (en)	1949-02-08	Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid
DE1060710B (de)	1959-07-02	Photographischer Film fuer phototechnische Zwecke
US2366723A (en)	1945-01-09	Baryta coating of melt-coated paper
US2461478A (en)	1949-02-08	Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US3053661A (en)	1962-09-11	Polyester film elements and subbing compositions therefor
US2126305A (en)	1938-08-09	Dispersion of gelatin
US2461477A (en)	1949-02-08	Gelatin subbing compositions containing an unsaturated lactone
US2694639A (en)	1954-11-16	Light-sensitive metal base photographic element
US3255000A (en)	1966-06-07	Activated hardening of photographic emulsions
US2461473A (en)	1949-02-08	Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2276323A (en)	1942-03-17	Photographic silver halide emulsion
US2593912A (en)	1952-04-22	Photographic film containing hardened gelatin
US2127621A (en)	1938-08-23	Photographic emulsions
US2614932A (en)	1952-10-21	Photographic stripping film
US2703284A (en)	1955-03-01	Subbing photographic film
US2334215A (en)	1943-11-16	Photographic tracing cloth
US2461474A (en)	1949-02-08	Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2258997A (en)	1941-10-14	Manufacture of photographic film
US3157506A (en)	1964-11-17	Photographic film base subbed with acid-cooked pigskin gelatin
US2461472A (en)	1949-02-08	Genatin subbing compositions containing a mixture of formamide and glycerol-alpha-chlorohydrin
US2117814A (en)	1938-05-17	Photographic tracing cloth
US2670288A (en)	1954-02-23	Photographic tracing cloth
US2904434A (en)	1959-09-15	Plasticization of gelatin