US2462256A - Insulating cover - Google Patents

Insulating cover Download PDF

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Publication number
US2462256A
US2462256A US626264A US62626445A US2462256A US 2462256 A US2462256 A US 2462256A US 626264 A US626264 A US 626264A US 62626445 A US62626445 A US 62626445A US 2462256 A US2462256 A US 2462256A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slab
metal
layer
heat
incombustible
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Expired - Lifetime
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US626264A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter M Charman
Benjamin F Anthony
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Ferro Engineering Co
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Ferro Engineering Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ferro Engineering Co filed Critical Ferro Engineering Co
Priority to US626264A priority Critical patent/US2462256A/en
Priority to FR934444D priority patent/FR934444A/fr
Priority to BE468545A priority patent/BE468545A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2462256A publication Critical patent/US2462256A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor

Definitions

  • M6402 M CHAR/WAN By BENJAMIN fi' flnnvo/vy fin Z11 wol/fiouflliql rra Patented Feb. 22, 1949 s PATENT [OFFICE INSULATING COVER 1 Walter M. Charman, Shaker Heights, and Benjamin F. Anthony, Cleveland Heights, Ohio; said Anthony assignor to The Ferro Engineering Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application November 2, 1945, Serial No. 626,264
  • This invention relates to improvements in insulating covers, that is to say covers for solidifying metal castings, particularly ingots, sinkheads, feeders and risers constituting reservoirs for liquid metal from which the metal may flow into the shrinkage cavities of the castings.
  • covers for solidifying metal castings particularly ingots, sinkheads, feeders and risers constituting reservoirs for liquid metal from which the metal may flow into the shrinkage cavities of the castings.
  • the side walls of these reservoirs are less chilling than those provided for the casting or ingot bodies, but the top of the casting frequently has not protection against the loss of heat. If no cover is used the molten surface soon crusts over.
  • the chilling effect of such a crust on the remaining molten metal in the reservoir is such that a succession of crusts may form, all
  • the slab type of covering has certain inherent advantages. It is convenient in that it is molded or cut to size to fit a particular hot top or other reservoir, and in use the workman merely drops a slab onto the molten metal of each casting. Also the insulation material in each slab may be accurately measured and evenly distributed when the slab is manufactured, whereas loose bulk material must be shoveled or tossed onto the surface of an ingot for example, the amount and distribution depending solely upon the judgment and care exercised by the workman performing this duty.
  • the surface of the molten metal in the sinkhead is thus left bare and the slab is exposednot only to radiation from the sides of the cavity but .to direct radiation from the receding molten 'upon the use of loose bulk material as well as those inherent in the slab form of covering.
  • the cover of our invention retains its shape in use, remains as a bridge over the shrinkage cavity, and deposits comminuted insulation material directly onto the receding surface of the sinkhead.
  • a general object of the invention therefore is the provision of an insulating cover for the reserve supply of molten metal provided to feed metal into the shrinkage cavity of an ingot or other casting.
  • Another object is the provision of such a cover of the rigid slab type wherein is incorporated means. responsive to the heat from the molten metal of the casting. for releasing material carried upon the lower side of the slab and depositing it upon the surface of the casting in the form of finely divided ash or other nonfusing substance.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic vertical sectional view through an ingot mold and hot top, showing the insulating cover of the present invention when first deposited upon the hot metal of a sinkhead.
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the condition to that shown at IS in Fig. 1.
  • a composite hot top comprising a metal casing in two parts II and I2 suitably secured together, a semi-permanent refractory lining in two courses l3 and I4 and a bottom ring l5 adapted for single use.
  • the details of the hot top however form no part of the present invention.
  • the pouring of the molten metal is continued until it rises to a predetermined level in the hot top, for example Soon thereafter the workman deposits on the surface of the metal a slab IT.
  • This slab is formed to a size somewhat smaller than the opening at the upper end of the hot top, so that the slab may be readily inserted through that opening.
  • the slab itself is constructed in three layers.
  • the central layer I8 is the one which gives strength to the slab. Its composition may vary to some extent. However it includes preferably incombustible fibers, asbestos for example, an incombustible filler and an incombustible bonding agent, all intimately commingled, molded and,
  • the incombustible fibers serve to reinforce the slab.
  • the filler may be sand, cinders or other like material and the bonding agent may be clay, cement, sodium silicate or the like. These materials may be mixed in a wet or dampened state, molded and dried. These central layers may be molded individually tothe size desired, or the mixed constituents may be pressed into large sheets and later cut into pieces of the desired size. In any case the layer in question must be of a composition and of a minimum thickness such that when dried it will possess considerable strength, not only to resist deterioration from heat but also to permit handling, shipment and storage without breakage.
  • the upper layer 19 of the slab is one in which is incorporated ,a considerable percentage of insulating material, preferably insulating material which will expand markedly under the influence of heat.
  • the layer l9 may contain a combustible or incombustible filler and a bonding agent, the latter serving not only to bind the filler and insulating material together but also to. make it adhere to the layer It.
  • the insulating material of layer is may be one of the usual materials employed for the top of a sinkhead, we prefer to use vermiculite in its natural state, as described and claimed in the above-mentioned copending application.
  • vermiculite In its natural state vermiculite is flaky and low in bulk, but when heated it exfoliates, the flakes expanding into accordion-like bodies and forming a mass of great porosity and great bulk. The expansion takes place in all directions, so that the height of the layer is increased and the clearance between the edges of the slab and the encircling walls of the hot top is taken up, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings.
  • the lower side of layer l8 has a relatively thick coating forming a third layer 20, which may be made up of any material which, after being subjected to the heat of the molten metal, will disintegrate and be deposited upon the surface of the metal beneath it and will in that state con-, stitute insulation.
  • the consituents of layer are of course intimately commingled so that the insulation resulting from disintegration will be evenly distributed over the surface of molten metal in the sinkhead.
  • the layer is composed of relatively non-fusing material containing either combustible or incombustible filler, or both, and a heat destructible bond, for example, pitch,
  • the filler materials may be either neutral or exothermic. Suitable inert fillers are comminuted slag, rock wool, sand or ashes. Exothermic fillers should be slow burning or charring such as coal, coke, sawdust, hulls, stalks, straws or any combustible wastage. When the bond is destroyed by the effect of heat the combustible fillers burn or char and their ash, together with any particles of inert filler, is deposited upon the surface of the metal as indicated at 20', and rides down with the metal as the formation of the shrinkage cavity progresses.
  • a slab in distinct laminations is not essential, as one or both surfaces of a self-sustaining slab may be impregnated, the top side with expandable insulation material, and the bottom side with a material which is powder forming under the action of heat. In the latter case some of .the self-sustaining material may then disintegrate and be carried down on the receding surface oi. molten metal along with the powder forming substance.
  • An insulating cover for a solidifying ferrous metal casting which comprises a slab one layer of which when subjected to the action of heat from the molten metal is substantially infusible, incombustible and self-sustaining, said layer comprising incombustible insulating fibers, an incombustible filler and an incombustible bonding agent and another layer of which comprises adherent material on the lower side of said one layer, said adherent material comprising a filler and a heat destructible bonding agent and being adapted to disintegrate in the presence of heat from said metal and to deposit insulating particles upon the surface of the casting which follow the metal of the latter downwardly as the formation of the shrinkage cavity progresses.
  • An insulating cover for a solidifying ferrous metal casting which comprises a slab one layer of which when subjected to the action of heat from the molten metal is substantially infusible
  • said layer com-' prising incombustible insulating fibers, an incombustible filler and an incombustible bonding agent and another layer of which comprises adherent material, on the underside of said self-sustaining layer, said adherent material comprising comminuted incombustible insulating material and a binder destructible under the action of heat from the molten metal, said adherent material being adapted to disintegrate when subjected to the heat of the casting and to deposit insulating. particles upon the surface of the casting so as to reduce the amount of heat radiated from the casting to the slab.
  • An insulating cover for a solidifying ferrous metal casting which comprises a slab having a rigid layer which when subjected to the action of heat from the molten metal is substantially infusible, incombustible and self-sustaining, a layer of insulating material carried on the upper side of said rigid layer and a third layer comprising adherent material on the lower side of said rigid layer, said third layer comprising a combustible bonding agent and a filler and being adapted to 6 it is to be used, and wherein the incombustible material carried at the upper side of said rigid layer is unexpanded vermiculite, whereby exfoliation of the vermiculite will cause expansion laterally as well as upwardly for completely closing the cavity and insulating the upper end of the casting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US626264A 1945-11-02 1945-11-02 Insulating cover Expired - Lifetime US2462256A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US626264A US2462256A (en) 1945-11-02 1945-11-02 Insulating cover
FR934444D FR934444A (fr) 1945-11-02 1946-10-10 Couvercle isolant perfectionné pour fontes en cours de solidification
BE468545A BE468545A (fr) 1945-11-02 1946-10-17 Couvercle isolant perfectionné pour fontes en cours de solidification

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US626264A US2462256A (en) 1945-11-02 1945-11-02 Insulating cover

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2462256A true US2462256A (en) 1949-02-22

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US626264A Expired - Lifetime US2462256A (en) 1945-11-02 1945-11-02 Insulating cover

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US (1) US2462256A (fr)
BE (1) BE468545A (fr)
FR (1) FR934444A (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2663920A (en) * 1951-01-04 1953-12-29 Ferro Eng Co Hot top cover
US2791816A (en) * 1953-08-03 1957-05-14 Exomet Method of applying exothermic material to the hot-top of steel
US2821758A (en) * 1956-01-25 1958-02-04 Vallak Enn Hot tops
US2826490A (en) * 1953-06-04 1958-03-11 Frank Scoby Battery reclaiming method
US2856657A (en) * 1956-05-02 1958-10-21 Oglebay Norton Co Insulating cover
US2861305A (en) * 1956-10-22 1958-11-25 British Iron Steel Research Ingot casting
US3092883A (en) * 1961-05-25 1963-06-11 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Tightening device for hot tops
US3171173A (en) * 1962-05-04 1965-03-02 Frank J Ingala Composite slab for hot tops
US3239898A (en) * 1962-08-08 1966-03-15 Int Nickel Co Production of high-quality ingots
DE1942876A1 (de) * 1968-08-22 1970-07-23 Foseco Trading Ag Fasermatte
US3688831A (en) * 1969-07-18 1972-09-05 Bethlehem Steel Corp Killed steel and method of making same
JPS4948814B1 (fr) * 1969-09-20 1974-12-24
US3876420A (en) * 1969-08-20 1975-04-08 Foseco Trading Ag Thermal insulation molten metal
JPS5060309U (fr) * 1973-10-11 1975-06-04
US3923526A (en) * 1972-07-22 1975-12-02 Aikoh Co Heat-insulating board for covering the top surface of a feeder head
JPS5128529A (fr) * 1974-09-04 1976-03-10 Foseco Japan Ltd
US4025047A (en) * 1974-04-11 1977-05-24 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Moulding for the heat retention of feeder head in casting molten metals
USRE31589E (en) * 1969-08-20 1984-05-22 Foseco Trading A.G. Thermal insulation molten metal
US4881677A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-11-21 Erico International Corporation Exothermic welding apparatus including a baffle cover assembly
US5037472A (en) * 1990-10-02 1991-08-06 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Compartmented insulation blanket and method of use
US5205340A (en) * 1989-06-27 1993-04-27 Brown Foundry System, Inc. Insulated paper sleeve for casting metal articles in sand molds
CN103394646A (zh) * 2013-08-06 2013-11-20 霍山县东胜铸造材料有限公司 一种可消失的冒口
EP2730349A3 (fr) * 2011-04-01 2017-03-22 IKOI S.r.l. Machine de formage de barres métalliques

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3239187A (en) * 1964-07-28 1966-03-08 Robert E Daley Hot top for ingot mold

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1920854A (en) * 1932-07-06 1933-08-01 Gathmann Emil Heat insulating means for use in producing metallic castings
US1989096A (en) * 1933-10-02 1935-01-29 Illinois Clay Products Co Ingot mold
US2076898A (en) * 1935-03-28 1937-04-13 Universal Insulation Company Heat insulating structure and method of production
US2165945A (en) * 1936-10-28 1939-07-11 Harbison Walker Refractories Casting metals
US2183424A (en) * 1938-08-05 1939-12-12 George C Clark Mold material for casting metals
US2209519A (en) * 1938-04-28 1940-07-30 Deutsche Rohrenwerke Ag Process for producing hollow cast blocks

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1920854A (en) * 1932-07-06 1933-08-01 Gathmann Emil Heat insulating means for use in producing metallic castings
US1989096A (en) * 1933-10-02 1935-01-29 Illinois Clay Products Co Ingot mold
US2076898A (en) * 1935-03-28 1937-04-13 Universal Insulation Company Heat insulating structure and method of production
US2165945A (en) * 1936-10-28 1939-07-11 Harbison Walker Refractories Casting metals
US2209519A (en) * 1938-04-28 1940-07-30 Deutsche Rohrenwerke Ag Process for producing hollow cast blocks
US2183424A (en) * 1938-08-05 1939-12-12 George C Clark Mold material for casting metals

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2663920A (en) * 1951-01-04 1953-12-29 Ferro Eng Co Hot top cover
US2826490A (en) * 1953-06-04 1958-03-11 Frank Scoby Battery reclaiming method
US2791816A (en) * 1953-08-03 1957-05-14 Exomet Method of applying exothermic material to the hot-top of steel
US2821758A (en) * 1956-01-25 1958-02-04 Vallak Enn Hot tops
US2856657A (en) * 1956-05-02 1958-10-21 Oglebay Norton Co Insulating cover
US2861305A (en) * 1956-10-22 1958-11-25 British Iron Steel Research Ingot casting
US3092883A (en) * 1961-05-25 1963-06-11 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Tightening device for hot tops
US3171173A (en) * 1962-05-04 1965-03-02 Frank J Ingala Composite slab for hot tops
US3239898A (en) * 1962-08-08 1966-03-15 Int Nickel Co Production of high-quality ingots
DE1942876A1 (de) * 1968-08-22 1970-07-23 Foseco Trading Ag Fasermatte
US3688831A (en) * 1969-07-18 1972-09-05 Bethlehem Steel Corp Killed steel and method of making same
US3876420A (en) * 1969-08-20 1975-04-08 Foseco Trading Ag Thermal insulation molten metal
USRE31589E (en) * 1969-08-20 1984-05-22 Foseco Trading A.G. Thermal insulation molten metal
JPS4948814B1 (fr) * 1969-09-20 1974-12-24
US3923526A (en) * 1972-07-22 1975-12-02 Aikoh Co Heat-insulating board for covering the top surface of a feeder head
JPS5060309U (fr) * 1973-10-11 1975-06-04
US4025047A (en) * 1974-04-11 1977-05-24 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Moulding for the heat retention of feeder head in casting molten metals
JPS5128529A (fr) * 1974-09-04 1976-03-10 Foseco Japan Ltd
US4036282A (en) * 1974-09-04 1977-07-19 Foseco International Limited Process of ingot casting
US4881677A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-11-21 Erico International Corporation Exothermic welding apparatus including a baffle cover assembly
US5205340A (en) * 1989-06-27 1993-04-27 Brown Foundry System, Inc. Insulated paper sleeve for casting metal articles in sand molds
US5037472A (en) * 1990-10-02 1991-08-06 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Compartmented insulation blanket and method of use
EP2730349A3 (fr) * 2011-04-01 2017-03-22 IKOI S.r.l. Machine de formage de barres métalliques
CN103394646A (zh) * 2013-08-06 2013-11-20 霍山县东胜铸造材料有限公司 一种可消失的冒口

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE468545A (fr) 1948-05-15
FR934444A (fr) 1948-05-21

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