US2490140A - X-ray device - Google Patents

X-ray device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2490140A
US2490140A US662427A US66242746A US2490140A US 2490140 A US2490140 A US 2490140A US 662427 A US662427 A US 662427A US 66242746 A US66242746 A US 66242746A US 2490140 A US2490140 A US 2490140A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
resistance
selector
voltage
regulating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US662427A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ledeboer Johan Marie
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication of US2490140A publication Critical patent/US2490140A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/70—Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with more than one anode; Circuit arrangements for apparatus comprising more than one X ray tube or more than one cathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H05G1/30—Controlling
    • H05G1/46—Combined control of different quantities, e.g. exposure time as well as voltage or current

Definitions

  • X-ray devices are known in which the devices regulating the voltage and the loading period are coupled with a device for regulating the current strength in such a manner that this current is adjusted to a lower value as the voltage chosen is higher or the chosen loading period is longer.
  • the heatin circuit may comprise two series-connected resistances one of which comprises a regulating member which is coupled with the voltage selector, whereas the other comprises a regulating member coupled with the time selector.
  • the control stages of the first resistance are chosen in such a manner that in a definite position of the time selector (i. e. of the second regulating member) the power supplied to the X-r-ay tube is the same in all positions of the voltage selector and has more particularly such a value that the X-ray tube is just capable of withstanding during the loading period which is adjusted by means of the time selector. Consequently, as long as the time adjustment is not changed, the current strength is inversely proportion-a1 to the voltage which is adjusted .by means of the voltage selector.
  • the control stages of the second resistance are chosen in such a manner that even in any arbitrary position of the time selector the power (which in this case must have a different value in any instance) has such a value that the X-ray tube is just capable of withstanding during the loading period then adjusted.
  • a series resistance Whose value has been adjusted permanently and is left unchanged while the voltage and the time are regulated during normal operation of the X-ray apparatus.
  • the three resistances When replacing the X-ray tube, for instance in the case of a failure, the three resistances must be controlled, since the spare tube may exhibit such differences, in regard to the functional relation existing between anode-current strength and filament current strength, that without readjust ment of the resistances it would no longer receive the desired load in every position of the selectors. Sometimes a slight modification or the seriesresistance is suflicient, but it also occurs that the resistances coupled with the selectors must be adjusted anew. This is to be considered as a drawback of this device, notably in the case of regulators with continuous control.
  • the invention is directed to an X-ray apparatus comprising a regulating device for the tube current, which is coupled with the voltage selector, and another regulating device for the tube current, which is coupled with the time selector.
  • the tube current is controlled by means of resistances inserted, through the intermediary of transformers having a variable transformation ratio, in the cathode heating circuit of the Xray tube. Consequently, the resistance stages are all varied to the same degree upon modification of the transformation ratio. We have found that this permits the retention of the result once obtained upon replacement of the X-ray tube.
  • the property round may be utilized to make the interchanging of tappings of the regulating resistances superfluous and thus avoid intricate switching mechanisms.
  • the transformer to which the regulating resistances are connected and the series resistance a separate tapping is provided for every tube, which tap ing may, in its turn, be readjustable in View of possible replacement of the tubes.
  • Devices for changing over these tappings, consequently for modifying the transformation ratio of the transformers may be coupled electrically or mechanically with the device for selecting the tube, so that on changing over the tubes the vtappings from the control transformers associated with the tube chosen are put into use simultaneously.
  • the voltage selector should have a linear scale division and .the time selector should have a logarithmic scale division. Often this condition can be satisfied only by a non-linear division of the current regulating resistances. In this case the division can be made linear again by varying the resistance per unit length of the wire or band constituting the resistance to be regulated. This is of particular importance for continuous regulators.
  • the series resistance and the control stages of the resistances coupled with the selectors may, it is true, be chosen in such a manner that in no position of the selectors the power exceeds that which theX-ray tube is capable of withstanding at themost during the loading period chosen and the deviations from the optimum loading state always remain within reasonable limits, but a perfectly correct adjustment of the power with any desirable combination of voltage and time cannot be ensured without changing over of the connections of the regulating resistances. Even if one of the regulating resistances is replaced by a voltage regulator, so that the influence of the summing of the resistances is cancelled, deviations from the ideal. loading state remain.
  • One of the causes thereof is, for instance, th variation of thevoltage loss in the apparatus in the case of a varying current strength.
  • the total number of tappings of the transformers and resistances required for steadily obtaining the maximum permissible load does not exceed twice the sum of the number of positions of the two selectors viz. once from the resistances and once from the transformers.
  • the number of tappings from the transformers may be materially reduced without any appreciable decrease in accuracy.
  • the series of resistance values corresponding with the control stages of one of the selectors, which is required in a definite position of the other selector, is but slightly different from that re.- quired in a neighbouring position of the lastmentioned selector. This permits the changing over of the transformers to take place in any instance after traversing a certain number of stages of voltage or time and. consequently to simplify the construction of the X-ray device. In this case a few correction tappings are sulficient.
  • the cathode heating current for the X-ray tubes is supplied by the transformer 1 to which a stabilized voltage is fed.
  • the primary circuit of this transformer comprises two regulating devices 8 and 9 and a .seriesresistance I0.
  • the regulating devices 8 and 9 each comprise a resistance (I l and I2) and a transformer (l3 and Hi).
  • Two switches 23 and 24 correspond with readjustable tappings of the secondary windings of the transformers. By operating these switches or shifting the tappings themselves the trans formation ratio of these transformers is changed.
  • Tothe secondary windings are connected the resistances ll andlZv which are provided with a certain number-of tappings over which pass contact arms 25 and 26.
  • the members 23 and 26 are electrically or mechanically coupled with the contact arm of the voltage regulator 5 and the members 24 and 25 are electrically or mechanically coupled'with aregulator 21 by means of which the loading period is adjusted-
  • the primary windings of the transformers I3 and it also comprise a certain number of readjustable tappings which permit the transformation ratio to be modified. In the executional example are indicated three tappings'in accordance with the number'of tubes which must be fed alternately by-means of thedevice.
  • the contact arms l5 and I6, which establish the connection between one of the supply conductors and the transformer tappings are coupled, either mechanically or electrically, with the tube selec tor I I also having. three positions.
  • the tube selector operates at the same time as the switching arms I8, i9, 28 and ZI thus establishing all connections required for operating a definite tube.
  • the switching arms I5 and I6 are coupled with the regulating member 22 of the series resistance It.
  • this series resistance the total resistance of the filament circuit for every X-ray tube is given the value which is most suitable in view of the individual properties of the tube.
  • the optimum division of the required resistance over the three elements II], II and I2, can be found experimentally.
  • the positions of the regulators 25 and 26 are suitable for every tube connected.
  • the tappings are readjustable to permit correction upon replacement of a tube in order that the regulating devices for the new tube shall operate as accurately as possible.
  • a displacement of the voltage selector 5 or the time selector 2'I involves a variation of the current regulating resistance I2 and II respectively. For several reasons this requires correction of the other current regulating resistance II and I2 respectively, which correction is brought about automatically by the simultaneous modification of the transformation ratio of the transformer I3 and I4 respectively by means of the switch 23 and 24 respectively. However, the necessary correction is small so that it is sufficient to divide the control stages into groups and to modify the transformation ratio slightly only on passing over from one group to the other. In the executional example two groups are chosen, so that two readjustable correction tappings are provided on the secondary windings of the transformers. The correction tappings may also be provided on a separate transformer connected in cascade with the transformer I3 and I4 respectively. As an alternative they may be provided at the primary side instead of at the secondary side.
  • the regulator 28 serves to adjust the feed voltage of the high-tension transformer to a definite value, prior to an X-ray exposure, and consequently for the so-called mains voltage correction.
  • X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube having anode and cathode electrodes, circuit 5 means to energize said cathode electrode comprising first, second, and third variable resistance elements, first and second transformers each having an adjustable primary winding to vary the transformation ratio thereof and a secondary winding, means coupling the secondaries of said first and second transformers to said first and second resistance elements respectively, means connecting said primary windings in series with said cathode and said third resistance element, circuit means for energizing said anode electrode including a voltage regulating member and a time adjusting member for adjusting the loading time of said tube, means coupling said voltage regulating member to the first of said resistance elements to adjust said first resistance element in accordance with the adjustment of said voltage adjusting member, and means coupling said time adjusting member to the second of said resistance elements to adjust said second resistance element in accordance with the adjustment of the loading time of said tube.
  • X-ray apparatus as claimed in claim 1 for controlling a plurality of X-ray tubes in which the means for adjusting the primary windings of said transformers are coupled to means for adjusting said third resistance element and a selector switch for selecting one of said tubes and connecting said tube to said cathode and anode energizing circuits.
  • X-ray apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the secondary windings of said transformers are adjustable to vary the transformation ratios of said transformers including means coupling the secondary winding of said first transformer to said time adjusting member to adjust the secondary winding of said first transformer in accordance with the adjustment of the loading time of the tube, and means coupling the secondary winding of said second transformer to said voltage adjusting member to adjust the secondary winding of said second transformer in accordance with the adjustment of the loading time of the tube.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US662427A 1943-11-17 1946-04-16 X-ray device Expired - Lifetime US2490140A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL114052A NL61349C (nl) 1943-11-17 1943-11-17 roentgentoestel voor het maken van opnamen voorzien van drie regelweerstanden voor de buisstroom

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2490140A true US2490140A (en) 1949-12-06

Family

ID=19874407

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US662427A Expired - Lifetime US2490140A (en) 1943-11-17 1946-04-16 X-ray device

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2490140A (fr)
BE (1) BE458006A (fr)
CH (1) CH242729A (fr)
DE (1) DE965727C (fr)
FR (1) FR920598A (fr)
GB (1) GB625156A (fr)
NL (1) NL61349C (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10342107B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-07-02 Kimtron, Inc. Cascaded filament transformer within a resistive shroud
US10398011B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-08-27 Kimtron, Inc. Method and apparatus for active filament management

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053587A (en) * 1932-02-08 1936-09-08 Philips Nv X-ray installation
US2250301A (en) * 1940-06-06 1941-07-22 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Space charge compensation
US2368798A (en) * 1942-08-15 1945-02-06 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Maximum kilovoltage limiter for x-ray tubes

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE764414C (de) * 1938-12-24 1952-09-15 Koch & Sterzel A G Roentgenanlage mit einer Regelvorrichtung zur Einstellung einer elektrischen Groesse
DE901825C (de) * 1939-07-11 1954-01-14 Koch & Sterzel Ag Roentgenanlage mit einer Regelvorrichtung zur Einstellung des Heizstromes der Roentgenroehre
DE901824C (de) * 1939-07-19 1954-01-14 Koch & Serzel Ag Roentgenanlage mit einer Regelvorrichtung zur Einstellung des Heizstromes der Roentgenroehre
DE735371C (de) * 1941-10-07 1943-05-13 Mueller C H F Ag Einrichtung zum Betriebe mehrerer Roentgenroehren mit selbsttaetiger Einstellung des Roehrenstromes in Abhaengigkeit von der Roehrenspannung und der Belastungszeit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053587A (en) * 1932-02-08 1936-09-08 Philips Nv X-ray installation
US2250301A (en) * 1940-06-06 1941-07-22 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Space charge compensation
US2368798A (en) * 1942-08-15 1945-02-06 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Maximum kilovoltage limiter for x-ray tubes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10342107B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-07-02 Kimtron, Inc. Cascaded filament transformer within a resistive shroud
US10398011B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-08-27 Kimtron, Inc. Method and apparatus for active filament management

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL61349C (nl) 1948-07-15
BE458006A (fr) 1945-06-29
GB625156A (en) 1949-06-22
DE965727C (de) 1957-06-19
FR920598A (fr) 1947-04-11
CH242729A (de) 1946-05-31

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