US2504239A - Nickel plating - Google Patents

Nickel plating Download PDF

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Publication number
US2504239A
US2504239A US672835A US67283546A US2504239A US 2504239 A US2504239 A US 2504239A US 672835 A US672835 A US 672835A US 67283546 A US67283546 A US 67283546A US 2504239 A US2504239 A US 2504239A
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Prior art keywords
nickel
anode
electrolytic
chloride
bath
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Expired - Lifetime
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US672835A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roehl Edward Judson
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Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/10Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrolytic nickel anodes and a method for eleetrodepositing nickel employing electrolytic nickelV anodes. More particularly, the present invention relates to welded electrolytic nickel anodes and a method for electrodepositing nickel employing such welded anodes.
  • the portion of the anode below the line of severance drops to the bottom of the bath thereby greatly diminishing the amount of anode remaining for further plating.
  • Theportion of the anode that drops results in a substantial economic loss and possible damage to the work in progress.
  • the dropping of the severed portion of the anode often ruptures the bag releasing particles enclosed therein into the plating bath thereby adversely affecting the deposit 'on the cathode due to the physical inclusion of the particles in the deposit.
  • a welded joint or joints in an electrolytic nickel anode when employed in electrodepositing nickel from a chloride-bearing bath.
  • the dissimilar metal composition comprises a nickel weld such as the compositions hereinafter described, and the welded electrolytic nickel anode is employed in electrodepositing nickel from an aqueous bath operated under correlated conditions of ⁇ pH and chloride normality.
  • /It is an object of the present invention to provide a method whereby welded electrolytic nickel anodes may be employed without exhibiting preferential corrosion of the weld joint or joints in electrodepositing nickel from a chloridebearing plating bath.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an elongated, welded, electrolytic nickel anode prepared in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a welded electrolytic nickel anode having an irregular shape prepared in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 3 represents a chart showing chloride normality as abscissa plotted against pHas ordinate, showing the area for correlation of pH and chloride normality for plating baths whereby the weld metal joint or joints of the electrolytic nickel anodes prepared in accordance with the present invention do not exhibit preferential corrosion: and
  • Fig. 4 depicts curves showing anode potentials for electrolytic nickel and the weld metal compositions employed in preparing an anode such as employed in practicing the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for electrodepositing nickel, employing an electrolytic nickel anode having at least one nickel weld joint, from a chloride-bearing nickel electro-plating bath operated under correlated conditions of ,pH and chloride normality whereby the weld metal does not exhibit preferential corrosion with respect to the electrolytic nickel of the anode proper.
  • the present invention also provides a welded electrolytic nickel anode, comprising a weld metal composition dissimilar to the electrolytic nickel of the anode proper, and in contact therewith, which dissimilar composition does not exhibit preferential corrosion when subjected to the electrolytic, corrosive and/or other detrimental action of a chloride-bearing nickel plating bath in electroplating therefrom.
  • a nickel weld metal is employed for welding the electrolytic nickel anode.
  • nickel weld metals particularly nickel weld metals con taining at least about 90% nickel and preferably at least about 97% nickel are suitable when employed in welding electrolytic nickel anodes whereby the weld joint or joints do not preferentially corrode when subjected in'contact with the electrolytic nickel of the anode proper to the electrolytic and/or corrosive effects of a chloridebearing plating bath correlated in pH and chloride normality as hereinafter described.
  • nickel weld metals contain modifying ingredients, in addition to their nickelcontent, in order that the weld metal composition will perform satisfactorily in weld operations.
  • ingredients are aluminum and silicon as deoxidizers to promote weld soundness, titanium as a deoxidizer to promote weld soundness and to prevent hot shortness and as a stabilizer for arc welds. magnesium to promote hot ductility by xing Nickel Silicon sulfur, .carbon to promote weld soundness and as described.
  • the weld metal employed comprisesthe compositions .hereinbefore Adescribed
  • the welded anode does not exhibit preferential corrosion of the weld joint or joints when the weld metal is in contact with the electrolytic nickel of the anode proper and the anode is subjected to the electrolytic and/or corrosive effects of a chloride-bearing nickel plating bath having the pH and chloride normality correlated as hereinafter described.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an elongated nickel anode, such as embodied by the present invention, prepared by welding together members of electrolytic nickel with a nickel weld of the compositions hereinbefore set forth.
  • twomembers of electrolytic nickel. designated by reference character I0 are welded together at weld H with the nickel weld metal composition employed by the present ⁇ jected in contact. with the 'electrolytic nickel of.
  • electrolytic nickel anode may comprise several such as shown bly-Fig. 1. has been found to perform satisfactorily in the process of the present invention hereinafter described, in that the weld metal does not preferentially corrode when sub- 5 the anode to the eilects of a chloride-bearing, nickel electroplating bath maintained under correlated conditions of pH and. chloride normality.
  • the present l invention is, ⁇ applicable to provide electrolytic nickel anodes having an irregular shape; for example, a 'shape conforming approximately to that of the cathode.
  • Suchl anodes are desired for use in the plating of articles which them- Nl selves have an irregular shape whereby the effect of current density upon the surface* of the article to be plated is equalized and the throwing power increased.
  • the present l invention is, ⁇ applicable to provide electrolytic nickel anodes having an irregular shape; for example, a 'shape conforming approximately to that of the cathode.
  • Suchl anodes are desired for use in the plating of articles which them- Nl selves have an irregular shape whereby the effect of current density upon the surface* of the article to be plated is equalized and the throwing power increased.
  • the present l invention is, ⁇ applicable to provide electrolytic nickel anodes having an irregular shape; for example, a 'shape conforming approximately to that of the cathode.
  • Suchl anodes are
  • members I2 and il are jointed together at welds i4 with the hereinbefore described weld metal compositions. "In this manner, electrolytic nickel anodes are provided which do not exhibit preferential corrosion at the weld joint or joints when employed ircontact with the electrolytic nickel of the anode to the electrolytic and/or. corrosive effects of a chloride-bearing nickel electro-plating bath maintained under correlated conditions of pH and chloride normality.
  • Curve A of Fig. 3 showsthe approximate maximum pH which should be employed for the bath, correlated with the chloride normality of the bath, in ordere that the weld joint or joints will not preferentially corrode.
  • the maximum pH for preventing preferentiall corrosion of the weld is about pH 2.0.
  • the maximum pH is about 3.5
  • the maximum pH is about 4.
  • nickel plating baths of varying compositions were employed.
  • aqueous platingbaths used were those having the followin g compositions:
  • the temperature of the electro-plating bath may be varied over a wide range of temperature, such as from about F. to the boiling point of the bath. However, for best results, I preferto employ a bath temperature of F. to 140 F., i. e. about F.
  • Example I An electrolytic nickel anode was prepared by welding together pieces of electrolytic nickel with a weld metal having the following'composition:
  • the ⁇ welded electrolytic nickel anode was used as an anode in an aqueous nickel electroplating bath containing 300 grams per liter of nickel sulfate,'45 grams per liter of nickel chloride and 30 grams per liter of boric acid.
  • the chloride normality of the bath was about 0.4.
  • a bath temperature of about 130 F. and. employingl an anode current density of about 30 amperes per i square foot it was found that the weld did not welding together pieces of electrolytic nickel with a weld metal having the following composition:
  • Nickel Bala The weldedA electrolytic nickel anode was used as an anode in an aqueous nickel electroplating bath containing 285 grams per liter of nickel sulfate, 112 grams per liter of nickel chloride and 40 grains per liter of boric acid. The chloride normality ofthe bath was about 1.0. At a bath temperature of about 130 F.
  • Example III An electro/lyticnickel anode was prepared by welding together pieces of electrolytic nickel with a weld metal having the following composition:
  • Fig. 4 is a chart showing anod'e potential curves by plotting anode potential in volts versus bath pH for the electrolytic nickel and the weld metal compositions employed by the present invention.
  • the values depicted in Fig. 4, i. e., anode potential values on the saturated calomel scale, were obtained by employing a saturated calomel electrode fitted with a saturated potasslum chloride salt bridge in series with a plating bath bridge.
  • curve X designates the anode potential ⁇ curve for the electrolytic nickel of the anode
  • curve Y shows the anode potential curve for the weld metal employed by the present invention.
  • the anode potential of the weld metal employed by the present invention is more noble than that for electrolytic nickel. Because the weld metal employed by the present invention does not corrode preferentially when in contact with electrolytic nickel and subjected to the electrolytic and/or corrosive effects of a nickel plating bath'correlated in pH and chloride normality as hereinbefore set forth, it is believed that the resistance to preferential corrosion of the weld metal is due to its more noble anode potential.
  • the weld metal has a. more noble anode potential than electrolytic nickel at a bath pH not exceeding about 3.5 whereas with a bath pH exceeding about 3.5, the electrolytic nickel has a more noble anode potential than the weld metal.
  • electrolytic nickel employed in preparing the anodes'used in the process of the present in- Element Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with certain preferred embodiments, such as the electrolytic nickel anodes depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications thereof may be made. Thus, generally speaking, it should be understood that the present invention is applicable to the Welding of component parts of electrolytic nickel anodes that are employed in electrodepositing nickel from a chloride-bearing nickel plating bath maintained under correlated conditions of pH and chloride normality falling in the area dened by curve A in Fig. 3 of the drawings.
  • 'I'he method oi electrodepositing nickel with a welded electrolytic nickel anode which comprises establishing an aqueous nickel electroplating bath having a pH up to about 4.0, a chloride normality oi.' about 0.4 to about 2.8, and a nickel sulfate content corresponding to 300 to 29 grams per liter of NiSO4-7H2O, said pH and chloride normality being correlated to fall under curve A in the accompanying Fig.
  • a welded electrolytic nickel anode comprised of a plurality oi' portions of electrolytic nickel welded together with at least one nickel Weld metal joint, said welded anode being so immersed in said bath that said nickel weld metal Joint is exposed in contact with said electrolytic nickel to said nickel electroplating bath, said nickel weld metal containing about 0.1 to y2% silicon, about 0.03 to 1.3% carbon, about 0.05 to 2% titanium, up to about 2% aluminum, up to about 2% manganese, about 0104 to 0.12% magnesium, with the balance essentially nickel constituting at least 97% of the weld metal.
  • said electrolytic nickel being the type produced from a sulfate-chloride electrolyte and containing about 0.001% lead, about 0.001% arsenic, about 0.001% iron, about 0.003% to about 0.005% copper, about 0.01% to about 0.1% cobalt, with the balance essentially nickel; and passing a plating current from said welded anode to a cathode immersed in said nickel electroplating bath to anodically corrode said welded anode without producing preferential corrosion of said nickel weld metal with respect to said electrolytic nickel o1' said welded electrolytic nickel anode.
  • the method of electrodepositing nickel with a welded electrolytic nickel anode which comprises establishing an aqueous nickel electroplating bath having a pH up to about 4.0, a chloride normality of about 0.4 to about 2.8, and a nickel sulfate content corresponding to 300 to 29 grams per liter of NiSO4'7I-l20, said pH and chloride normality being correlated to i'all under curve A in the accompanying Fig.
  • a welded electrolytic nickel anode comprised of a plurality oi portions oi' electrolytic nickel welded together with at least one nickel weld metal joint, said welded anode being so immersed in said bath that said nickel weld metal ⁇ oint is exposed in contact with said electrolytic nickel to said nickel electroplating bath, said nickel weld metal containing about 0.1 to 2% silicon, about 0.03 to 1.3% carbon, about 0.05 to 2% titanium, up to about 2% aluminum, up to about 2% manganese, about 0.04 to 0.12% magnesium, with the balance essentially nickel, said electrolytic nickel being the type produced from a sulfate-chloride electrolyte and containing about 0.001% lead, about 0.001%

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
US672835A 1946-04-12 1946-05-28 Nickel plating Expired - Lifetime US2504239A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2744036A (en) * 1950-09-28 1956-05-01 Int Nickel Co Coated nickel welding electrode
US2936229A (en) * 1957-11-25 1960-05-10 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Spray-weld alloys
US3132927A (en) * 1961-07-31 1964-05-12 Int Nickel Co Wear-resistant material
US3449224A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-06-10 Int Nickel Co Nickel electrodeposition process and auxiliary nickel anode alloy

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1185959A (en) * 1915-06-24 1916-06-06 Prest O Lite Co Inc Nickel anode and process of manufacture.
US1433618A (en) * 1921-02-25 1922-10-31 Scovill Manufacturing Co Metal anode for electrodeposition and process of producing same
US1504206A (en) * 1923-01-05 1924-08-12 Christian Girl Process of and means for nickel plating
US1562711A (en) * 1925-11-24 Chables p
US1584959A (en) * 1919-04-26 1926-05-18 Madsenell Corp Electrodeposited metal
GB520211A (en) * 1938-11-22 1940-04-17 Deutsch & Brenner Ltd Improvements in or relating to anodes for electro-plating or depositing
US2358995A (en) * 1940-03-11 1944-09-26 Houdaille Hershey Corp Method of nickel plating using electrolytic nickel anodes
US2394874A (en) * 1942-11-05 1946-02-12 Int Nickel Co Electrorefining of nickel
US2467852A (en) * 1944-03-23 1949-04-19 Houdaille Hershey Corp Electrolytic sheet metal anode

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1562711A (en) * 1925-11-24 Chables p
US1185959A (en) * 1915-06-24 1916-06-06 Prest O Lite Co Inc Nickel anode and process of manufacture.
US1584959A (en) * 1919-04-26 1926-05-18 Madsenell Corp Electrodeposited metal
US1433618A (en) * 1921-02-25 1922-10-31 Scovill Manufacturing Co Metal anode for electrodeposition and process of producing same
US1504206A (en) * 1923-01-05 1924-08-12 Christian Girl Process of and means for nickel plating
GB520211A (en) * 1938-11-22 1940-04-17 Deutsch & Brenner Ltd Improvements in or relating to anodes for electro-plating or depositing
US2358995A (en) * 1940-03-11 1944-09-26 Houdaille Hershey Corp Method of nickel plating using electrolytic nickel anodes
US2394874A (en) * 1942-11-05 1946-02-12 Int Nickel Co Electrorefining of nickel
US2467852A (en) * 1944-03-23 1949-04-19 Houdaille Hershey Corp Electrolytic sheet metal anode

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2744036A (en) * 1950-09-28 1956-05-01 Int Nickel Co Coated nickel welding electrode
US2936229A (en) * 1957-11-25 1960-05-10 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Spray-weld alloys
US3132927A (en) * 1961-07-31 1964-05-12 Int Nickel Co Wear-resistant material
US3449224A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-06-10 Int Nickel Co Nickel electrodeposition process and auxiliary nickel anode alloy

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GB622015A (en) 1949-04-26
CH264615A (fr) 1949-10-31

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