US2507638A - Method of forming plastic fastenings - Google Patents

Method of forming plastic fastenings Download PDF

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Publication number
US2507638A
US2507638A US739147A US73914747A US2507638A US 2507638 A US2507638 A US 2507638A US 739147 A US739147 A US 739147A US 73914747 A US73914747 A US 73914747A US 2507638 A US2507638 A US 2507638A
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Prior art keywords
eyelet
fastener
dies
die
unset
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US739147A
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English (en)
Inventor
James F Leahy
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United Shoe Machinery Corp
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United Shoe Machinery Corp
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Priority to CH253764D priority Critical patent/CH253764A/de
Application filed by United Shoe Machinery Corp filed Critical United Shoe Machinery Corp
Priority to US739147A priority patent/US2507638A/en
Priority to FR950441D priority patent/FR950441A/fr
Priority to DEP24870A priority patent/DE823344C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2507638A publication Critical patent/US2507638A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
    • A43D100/00—Setting or removing eyelets, buttons, lacing-hooks, or elastic gussets in shoes
    • A43D100/02—Punching and eyelet-setting machines or tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/73—Processes of stretching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
    • Y10T29/4992—Overedge assembling of seated part by flaring inserted cup or tube end
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5147—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling including composite tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
    • Y10T29/53717—Annular work

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of forming plastic fastenings, such as rivets, grommets, or eyelets, each of which possesses at least one flange or enlarged portion to aid in retaining the fastening in its desired relative position on a work piece such as a shoe upper, sheet of material or on some other object.
  • the invention also relates to the articles produced by carrying out the novel method.
  • the present application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 569,035, filed December 20, 1944, now abandoned.
  • Metallic fastenings have proved satisfactory in the past but their use is attended with several difficulties heretofore found unavoidable.
  • Metallic eyelets for example, must possess a finish which will be smooth to the touch, permit laces to be drawn through them with a minimum of friction and possess a neat appearance and for these reasons, the eyelet forming step (making the unset eyelet) is usually followed by application of a finish of some sort.
  • Such eyelets must be upset after their insertion in material to which they are to be attached and care must be taken not to injure the finish on that portion of the eyelet to be exposed to view during use, with the result that the end of the eyelet which is finally upset to clinch a work piece is necessarily left rough and because of the roughness is concealed as much as possible.
  • Shoe eyelets must be as smooth as possible in Order to prevent undue wear on the lacings.
  • Fastenings of this type are made by the thousands and difficulties which otherwise would appear negligible become insurmountable in practicable manufacturing procedure.
  • Plastic fastenings have been made in the past by molding in which process a measured quantity of plastic is placed in the cavity of a heated open mold and the mold is closed under pressure to consolidate the compound and form the material to the shape of the mold. Thermosetting compounds are then hardened by further heat under pressure and thermoplastic compounds are hardened by chilling the mold. It is well known that plastics possess inherent characteristics of great value, among them being listed substantial tensile strength, resistance against corrosion and other chemical action, dimensional stability, attractive appearance, durability, light weight, electrical resistance, high dielectric strength, and low thermal conductivity.
  • plastic fasteners has not seriously challenged the extensive use of metallic fasteners because of the difficulties of charging the dies, properly heating and/or cooling during formation and/or setting of the plastic fasteners as well as the lack of holding power of such fasteners.
  • suflicient time cannot be allowed for adequate polymerization of thermosetting plastics, and conventional cooling technique for setting other types of resinous plastics is also too slow.
  • the term cold working as used hereinafter is intended to refer to the working of the fastener material at substantially room temperatures. In other words, the requisite operations are carried on at a temperature which is not raised to a point where the plasticity of the material is unduly increased.
  • the term forming as used hereinafter is intended to refer to the making or swaging of an unset fastener from an initial rigid blank of material as well as to the upsetting or swaging of an unset fastening in afilxing it to a work piece. In other words, the fastening is undergoing formation whether the operation of forming be an earlier or a. final step in producing the ultimate article.
  • Another object is to provide an improved mcthod for forming or upsetting a fastener in fixed position upon a work piece by subjecting a thermoplastic resinous fastener inserted in the work piece to mechanical stress and thereby altering the nature of the material because of said stress and improve the quality of the fastener.
  • a further object is to provide a method of forming an improved fastener preferably by means of a single impact or blow upon a rigid plastic blank or tabletted plastic preform, such blank being in the shape of a solid rod, a tubular rod or an unset fastener.
  • Another object is to form an improved thermoplastic blank or thermoplastic fastener by application of mechanical stress imparted through striking action and straight-line relative motion of a plunger and without the application of heat otherwise derived.
  • a further object is to provide an improved method of forming thermoplastic fastener having antitwist projections and also surfaces to be exposed during use of the fastener, which surfaces are smooth. It is also an object to provide a method of forming an improved and one-piece fastener of a material which permits adoption of a variety of shapes and also gives a wide choice of colors without utilizing a supplementary finishing operation.
  • Fig. 1 is a view, partially in section, of three dies or die members and an unset eyelet compressed by those members;
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a solid thermoplastic blank in rod form
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional View of dies used in forming an unset eyelet and also showing a thermoplastic tubular blank in position to be operated upon by those dies;
  • Fig. 4 is a view, partially in section, of the parts shown in Fig. 3 but with the dies closed and the unset eyelet formed;
  • Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but showing a modified form of lower die
  • Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view of an unset eyelet thrust through perforated sheets of material with dies in position ready to set the'eyelet;
  • Fig. '7 is a view in perspective of an unset eyelet with antitwist projections thereon;
  • Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view, in full lines, of 'a finished unset eyelet with dotted lines representing the form of the eyelet at an earlier stage.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate parts which may be used in carrying out the method.
  • a rigid tableted preform H3, such as shown in Fig. 2, of unplasticized polymeric thermoplastic material (it may be cut from a solid rod) is placed within a sleeve 12 (Fig. 1) and supported on the end of a rod M which extends up and within the sleeve I2.
  • the upper end of the sleeve 12 is provided with an annular ridge i6 and an annular outer shoulder i8. It will be noted that the upper interior of the sleeve i2 is slightly tapered upwardly and outwardly at 20.
  • the sleeve l2, rod I4 and an upper member 22 constitute dies which, when brought together to compress the material of the blank H], are adapted to form an eyelet.
  • the upper die 22 is provided With a depending male member 24 which is of such length as to almost reach the top of the rod ['4 when the outer lip or edge of the die 22 comes into contact or almost into contact with the shoulder 18.
  • the base of the male member 24 is located within or concentric with an annular channel 26 of the proper shape to form the bell of a desired eyelet. It will be noted that a clearance or space is left between the tapered surface 26 of the lower die [2 and the outer surface 21 (which is also tapered) of the male member 24.
  • the three dies !2, l4 and 22 are brought together quickly (a single blow or impact is preferable but not essential) and into their positions as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the exterior surface and lower end of the blank are buttressed by the lower dies during the endwise compression operation.
  • the volume of the space left between the three dies when in their closed positions is made equivalent, or substantially equivalent, to the volume of the preform I0.
  • the rod it and sleeve I2 be connected together rigidly during the formation of the unset eyelet and in their relative positions as shown in Fig. 1.
  • a small amount of plastic material in the form of a thin membrane 32 is unavoidably left between the top of rod I4 and the base of the member 24 and any excess of plastic material, however small or large, may pass outwardly through the passage 30 at the edge of the eyelet flange or bell.
  • the rod 14 may be permitted to yield when an excessive pressure is applied and be moved downwardly a slight amount in relation to the sleeve l2.
  • a single, momentary or sharp impact or striking action of the dies is permissible as stated above and is preferred for commercial production of the fastenings but it is clear that the invention may be practiced through either one or more straight-line relative motions of a plunger such as the upper die 22.
  • a plunger such as the upper die 22.
  • the unset fastener 29 remains on the male member 2'4 of the upper die or plunger 22 after the tools are separated.
  • the eyelet 29 may easily be removed from the male member 25, although if deemed necessary in the interest of rapid production, supplementary means, not shown, may be utilized to remove the product from the tool '22.
  • the tools may be so designed and proportioned that the unset eyelet will remain in the sleeve i2 after the tool 22 is removed. This being the case, the tools I 2 and I4 may be moved relatively to one another 'in such a way as to expel the eyelet from the top of the tool or die l2.
  • the male member 24 displaces the material of the solid preform Ell outwardly and upwardly, the material itself undergoes some form of structural change, for it has been found that the material of the unset fastener 29, formed in the manner illustrated, is stronger and much less brittle than the material of theblank ill-prior to the cold working operation.
  • the thin membrane 32 of plastic material easily separates from the main body of the eyelet 29 by a subsequent and lightly executed punching operation.
  • a tubular, rigid preform 40 of similar or analogous material is used instead of using a solid preform id, as shown in Fig. 2, a tubular, rigid preform 40 of similar or analogous material is used.
  • An upper die or plunger 42 is provided having an elongated male member it, the lower end of which (for a short distance) is of such diameter as to just enter the passage 46 within the tubular preform 40.
  • the upper portion 43 of the male member 44 tapers outwardly and upwardly and flares outwardly at its top to form the wall of an annular groove or trough so.
  • a shoulder 52 is provided on the die 42 and constitutes a stop surface when the dies are brought together.
  • an outer sleeve 54 having an annular shoulder 56 and an annular ridge 58.
  • An upwardly and outwardly flaring passa e 6!) is formed in the die 5A and the bottom diameter of the passage (iii is such as to snugly receive the preform Mi.
  • An inner die 62 is rigidly affixed to the die or sleeve 5 and bears against a shoulder 64 formed on the interior of the die 54.
  • the inner die 62 is provided with a passage 6% of such cross section as with a very slight clearance to receive the lower end of the male member 44, as will subsequently appear.
  • Fig. 5 an unset eyelet is shown which has been formed in the same manner as depicted in.- Figs. 3 and 4, but a different type of lower die has been used.
  • a die 7%] is utilized, and this die is so formed as to permit excess plastic material to escape to the underside of the eyelet bell ll as the eyelet i2 is formed. 1, Such operation is permitted by forming an annular chamber 73 in the top surface of the die l9, which chamber is concentric with the tapered and conical wall lei of the die iii.
  • the flange or bell of the eyelet has been made to double up and/or assume various shapes without changing the over-all length of the eyelet or the thickness of the bell.
  • the volumes of the preform and the K space between the closed dies need not be so accurately determined and doubled or reversed bells or flanges have advantages for specific uses.
  • a slightly tapered unset eyelet 8! is shown in Fig. 6 as thrust through the perforations of two layers 82 and 84 of material. These layers may represent an enlarged view of the upper and lining of a shoe.
  • the unset eyelet fill is maintained in position, as shown, by the layers 82 and 84 as well as by a lower die 36.
  • Coaxial cylinders 88 and 90 are provided within the die 86 and a piston 92 is mounted therein and biased to its uppermost position (determined by a shoulder arrangement 94) by the compression of a spring 96.
  • the dies are placed in position so that eyelet 88 is in a position coaxial with an upper die or plunger 100.
  • the upper die I00 has a projection or male member Hi2 and an annular channel I04 whereby it may serve as a setting or upsetting tool.
  • Piston 92 has an end portion 106 and this portion, together with projection N32, is slightly rounded to make a smooth engagement with the eyelet 8B, and the setting tool or die m0 is forced downwardly in a straight-line motion to such a position that the eyelet is pressed or set and the second flange is formed.
  • the peripheries or edges of both flanges of the eyelet 89 will sink slightly into the material layers 82 and 84 to which the eyelet is affixed during the ultimate formative step of setting or upsetting the eyelet.
  • FIG. 7 shows an eyelet Hi! which is similar to the one produced by the tools or dies of Figs. 3 and except that antitwist projections I l2 are formed under a flange H4, as shown.
  • Such projections may be easily provided by making suitable cuts (not shown) in the annular ridge 58 of the die 54, as such ridge is shown in Fig. 3.
  • These projections I I2 may take any of an infinite variety of form and may be placed anywhere on the work engaging surface or surfaces of the fastener and are provided as an added precaution against the fastener rotating and thereby becoming loose in the material to which it is aflixed.
  • a method carried out in accordance with the present invention permits the formation of projections such as projections H2 and at the same time does not detract from the smoothness of fastener surfaces which are not in contact with the work to which the fastener is aflixed, i. e. exposed fastener surfaces are smooth.
  • the unset eyelet I26 of Fig. 8 graphically illustrates how the thermosplastic material of the main longitudinal portion of a fastener may be cold worked laterally, that is, perpendicular to its axis, not only to change the taper but also to decrease the wall thickness and increase the length.
  • Such an unset eyelet may be made initially by a molding procedure or by cold working (the latter operation being in accordance with the principles of the present invention) into the form as shown by the dotted lines.
  • this procedure may be called compression molding (that is, by the use of heat in which the characteristics of the plastic material are not appreciably changed during the formation of the unset fastener) and then the fastener may be completed into a set fastener (2 flanges or bells) or into an. unset fastener (one flange or bell) in accordance with the method of the present invention.
  • a molded fastener or blank may be made without securing the advantages of the present invention and such articles may then be cold worked to form the first or second flange and this final step will enable the operator to secure improved characteristics for the fastener material.
  • the full lines in Fig. 8 are to show the proportions to which it has been found advantageous in a specific instance to cold work unset eyelets of the shape shown in dotted lines.
  • Advantages of this invention cannot be secured by compression molding, in which process (as stated above) a measured quantity of plastic is placed in the cavity of .a heated open mold and the mold is closed under pressure to consolidate the compound and form it to the shape of the mold. If thermosetting compounds are used in such a process they must then be hardened by further heat under pressure. If thermoplastic compounds are thus used the mold must be chilled. In the application of the present invention no heating (except the heat of impact which is so slight that it is extremely difilcult and more often impossible to detect) is necessary and the need for chilling is eliminated.
  • the plastic material is a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, it can be formed cold initially and then set cold, as is done by applicant to produce a fastener of great strength. However, if that same material is formed cold initially and then set at customary compression-molding temperature, the
  • resulting article may have a fine appearance but will prove weak in use and may shatter.
  • This same copolymer if made not into an eyelet, can be set cold to produce a strong article.
  • Blanks of solid or tubular rod material may be used, as stated heretofore, and the plastic composition may be the copolymer already referred to or some other polymeric material which is rigid, thermoplastic, resinous, and substantially unplasticized.
  • the materials which are suitable may be mentioned polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride copolymers, vinylidene chloride copolymers, polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and ethyl cellulose.
  • the particular type of plastic material to be used shouldobviously be selected in accordance with the particular .use to which the fastening is to be put. In general, no plasticizer should be used or, if it is used, the quantity should be small.
  • the suitable plastic materials as customarily sold on the market, contain a small amount of lubricant which is essential in order that the materials may be processed during production into rods by extrusion.
  • the motion .of the dies .or tools relative to each other or the blank worked upon may be varied in extent, rapidity and in other particulars. It is essential, however, that at least one striking or swaging of the blank through the 8 straight-line relative motion of a plunger and without application of extraneous heating that secures the novel and valuable results.
  • a fastener such as a rivet, grommet, or eyelet
  • said method including the buttressing of an exterior surface and one end of a rigid blank of thermoplastic polymeric material free ,of plasticizer, and striking the blank endwise while said blank is at room temperature to displace a portion of said material outwardly and thereby produce a flange.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US739147A 1947-04-03 1947-04-03 Method of forming plastic fastenings Expired - Lifetime US2507638A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH253764D CH253764A (de) 1947-04-03 1945-11-26 Verfahren zum Verformen von Formstücken.
US739147A US2507638A (en) 1947-04-03 1947-04-03 Method of forming plastic fastenings
FR950441D FR950441A (fr) 1947-04-03 1947-07-29 Procédé de fabrication d'organes de fixation et manière de les poser
DEP24870A DE823344C (de) 1947-04-03 1948-12-15 Verfahren zum Formen oder Stauchen bzw. Umboerdeln von Befestigungsmitteln aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, insbesondere fuer Schuhwerk

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CH (1) CH253764A (fr)
DE (1) DE823344C (fr)
FR (1) FR950441A (fr)

Cited By (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3099057A (en) * 1961-07-24 1963-07-30 Boeing Co Self-retaining fasteners
US3144132A (en) * 1950-03-03 1964-08-11 Anglo American Extrusion Compa Production of extruded metal products
US3263290A (en) * 1963-01-24 1966-08-02 Janome Sewing Machine Co Ltd Method of making a buttonhole and eyelet
US3299766A (en) * 1964-04-30 1967-01-24 Gould William Sealing element for fastener devices
US3691619A (en) * 1970-07-28 1972-09-19 Dow Chemical Co Method for lining tapered cavities
US3893226A (en) * 1970-03-06 1975-07-08 Gkn Floform Ltd Method of making semi-conductor mounts
US4143112A (en) * 1974-05-30 1979-03-06 Johnson & Johnson Method for making probe covers for electronic thermometers
US4461191A (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-07-24 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of preparing bushing tips
US4475274A (en) * 1982-07-07 1984-10-09 Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc. Method of making and installing a pouring fitment
WO1988009722A1 (fr) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-15 Tri-Tech Systems International Inc. Couvercle de fermeture avec joint d'etancheite et procede et appareil de formation de ce joint de fermeture hermetique
WO1988009721A1 (fr) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-15 Tri-Tech Systems International Inc. Couvercle de fermeture avec joint hermetique et procede et appareil de formation de ce couvercle de fermeture et joint hermetique
US20070204670A1 (en) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-06 Ping-Sen Chen Riveting kit for an eyelet
EP2058536A1 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-13 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Pampus Gmbh Coussinet de palier
US20090265906A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-10-29 Gunyang Trunet Co., Ltd. Apparatus for Rivetting
US11193544B2 (en) 2019-06-03 2021-12-07 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Pampus Gmbh Flanged bearing, assembly, and method of making and using the same

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DE1036284B (de) * 1954-08-11 1958-08-14 Licentia Gmbh Schalenfoermiger Behaelter aus Kunststoff fuer Kuehlschraenke
DE1192973B (de) * 1963-04-30 1965-05-13 Esbe Plastic Mit Kunststoff-Haltenieten versehenes Verpackungsmittel
EP0009863A1 (fr) * 1978-08-09 1980-04-16 Bennet-Bowler (Sp) Limited Méthode et appareil pour la fixation d'éléments ou de dispositifs de renforcement sur des surfaces minces
DE4441097A1 (de) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-23 Ruediger Haaga Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Anbringen eines Schutzbezuges bei einer Öffnung einer Wand für einen Behälter

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US72790A (en) * 1867-12-31 Island
US567287A (en) * 1896-09-08 Eyelet-setting machine
US1122280A (en) * 1909-10-01 1914-12-29 United Fast Color Eyelet Company Method of forming and inserting eyelets and the like.
US2087969A (en) * 1936-08-17 1937-07-27 United Shoe Machinery Corp Method and tool for roll-clenching eyelets
US2169315A (en) * 1935-07-26 1939-08-15 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Spinning thermoplastic materials

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US72790A (en) * 1867-12-31 Island
US567287A (en) * 1896-09-08 Eyelet-setting machine
US1122280A (en) * 1909-10-01 1914-12-29 United Fast Color Eyelet Company Method of forming and inserting eyelets and the like.
US2169315A (en) * 1935-07-26 1939-08-15 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Spinning thermoplastic materials
US2087969A (en) * 1936-08-17 1937-07-27 United Shoe Machinery Corp Method and tool for roll-clenching eyelets

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3144132A (en) * 1950-03-03 1964-08-11 Anglo American Extrusion Compa Production of extruded metal products
US3099057A (en) * 1961-07-24 1963-07-30 Boeing Co Self-retaining fasteners
US3263290A (en) * 1963-01-24 1966-08-02 Janome Sewing Machine Co Ltd Method of making a buttonhole and eyelet
US3299766A (en) * 1964-04-30 1967-01-24 Gould William Sealing element for fastener devices
US3893226A (en) * 1970-03-06 1975-07-08 Gkn Floform Ltd Method of making semi-conductor mounts
US3691619A (en) * 1970-07-28 1972-09-19 Dow Chemical Co Method for lining tapered cavities
US4143112A (en) * 1974-05-30 1979-03-06 Johnson & Johnson Method for making probe covers for electronic thermometers
US4475274A (en) * 1982-07-07 1984-10-09 Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc. Method of making and installing a pouring fitment
US4461191A (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-07-24 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of preparing bushing tips
WO1988009721A1 (fr) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-15 Tri-Tech Systems International Inc. Couvercle de fermeture avec joint hermetique et procede et appareil de formation de ce couvercle de fermeture et joint hermetique
WO1988009722A1 (fr) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-15 Tri-Tech Systems International Inc. Couvercle de fermeture avec joint d'etancheite et procede et appareil de formation de ce joint de fermeture hermetique
US20070204670A1 (en) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-06 Ping-Sen Chen Riveting kit for an eyelet
US20090265906A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-10-29 Gunyang Trunet Co., Ltd. Apparatus for Rivetting
US8327514B2 (en) * 2007-11-05 2012-12-11 Gunyang Trunet, Co., Ltd. Apparatus for rivetting
EP2058536A1 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-13 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Pampus Gmbh Coussinet de palier
WO2009060028A1 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Pampus Gmbh Coussinet de palier
US20110002565A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2011-01-06 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Pampus Gmbh Bearing bush
KR101166748B1 (ko) 2007-11-08 2012-07-23 생?고뱅 퍼포먼스 플라스틱스 팜푸스 게엠베하 베어링 부시
CN101918724B (zh) * 2007-11-08 2013-05-15 圣戈班性能塑料帕姆普斯有限公司 轴承衬套
US11193544B2 (en) 2019-06-03 2021-12-07 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Pampus Gmbh Flanged bearing, assembly, and method of making and using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH253764A (de) 1948-03-31
FR950441A (fr) 1949-09-27
DE823344C (de) 1951-12-03

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