US2532010A - Determination of moisture contents - Google Patents

Determination of moisture contents Download PDF

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Publication number
US2532010A
US2532010A US758283A US75828347A US2532010A US 2532010 A US2532010 A US 2532010A US 758283 A US758283 A US 758283A US 75828347 A US75828347 A US 75828347A US 2532010 A US2532010 A US 2532010A
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Prior art keywords
condenser
voltage
moisture contents
run
electrostatic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US758283A
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English (en)
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Courvoisier Frederic
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/60—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrostatic variables, e.g. electrographic flaw testing

Definitions

  • My invention has for its object a method of actuating at least one member in accordance with the moisture contents of runs of material which by the friction caused by their motion receive an electrostatic charge depending on their moisture contents.
  • a condenser is charged by-:the'electrostatic voltage being produced on the run-of'material, said electrostatic voltage being transformed into an alternating voltageproportional thereto by means of periodical variations in capacity of said condenser, said alternating voltage being amplified by a thermionic amplifier system and said amplifled voltage being finally employed for actuating said member.
  • My invention has further for its object a device for the execution of said method.
  • This device comprises means for applying the electrostatic voltage appearing on the run of material to a periodically varying capacity, whereby this electrostatic voltage is transformed into an alternating voltage proportional thereto, a thermionic amplifier system by which said alternating 50 ing condenser.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of a periodically varying condenser employed for transforming the electrostatic voltage into an alternating voltage proportional thereto,
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view as in Fig. 1, showing a giodified form of construction of the varying conenser.
  • Fig. 2a shows a detail of said latter form of construction.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically apick-up electrode arranged near the run of material.
  • Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of one form of construction ofthe device according to my invention.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the circuit diagram of a modified form of construction of the device comprising a periodically operating contact device.
  • Fig. 6 shows a modified construction of this contact device
  • the varying condenser comprises the electrodes I and 2,
  • the electrode I being periodically oscillated by an electrodynamic drive 3.
  • the oscillations of the electrode I appear at the frequency of the alternating voltage appliedto the oscillating coil of the system, said voltage being fed from any suit 40 able audio frequency source of energy.
  • the electrode 2 of the condenser is secured to a rod 5 by means of an intermediate insulating member 4.
  • the rod 5 being fitted in a bore of a frame 6 to move axially therein is provided with three 4 circumferential grooves I, I and I each adapted to be engaged by a locking pin 8.
  • Rings 9 and Ill limit the travel of the rod 5 in either direction.
  • a knob l l at the end W 01. the rod 5 allows the adjustment of the elec- 3 trode 2.
  • the two electrodes of the condenser are connected through wires l2 and I3 to the thermionic amplifier system.
  • Fig. 2 In the form of construction of Fig. 2 the distance between the two electrodes is modified no longer stepwise as in the case of Fig. 1 but in a continuous manner. To this end the rod is replaced by a micrometer-screw The screw 5' is screwed in a threaded bore of the frame 6' and, by a rotation of its head I shown in front view in Fig. 2a, it is possible to modify the distance between the two electrodes I, 2 and consequently the mean capacity of'the condenser.
  • a contact ring I! is electrically connected to the electrode 2 which in turn is secured by means of an insulating member 4' to the screw 5'.
  • a contact member l6 arranged to slide on said contact ring l1 provides for the electrical connection between the electrode 2 and the amplifier.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the pick-up electrode formed with comb-shaped members i 1, I8 and I8 connected by a lead to one of the electrodes of the periodically varying condenser. This arrangement together with the potentiometer (Fig. 4)
  • the condenser forms a system for applying to the condenser the direct current voltage produced on the run of material 2
  • the combs l'l-i9 may touch the run 2! or else be arranged at a small distance therefrom.
  • the electrostatic charge from the run of material 2i is applied through the wire 20 to one of the electrodes of the periodically varying condenser '23, which electrode is arranged to be displaced by means of the electromagnetic driving system 26.
  • the second electrode of this condenser is connected through the resistance of the potentiometer 25 to the common datum point of the system. As the capacity 23 varies periodically, an alternating current flows through the potentiometer resistance.
  • the cathodes of both said tubes 32 and 35 have a negative potential with reference to the common datum point, as will be seen from a circuit not numbered on the drawing, which circuit comprises the two way rectifying tube 22.
  • the control grid of tube 32 is submitted to the cathode potential of said tube 21.
  • the potentiometer 3! a grid biasing potential to the tube 35 which is such that the plate current of this tube becomes thereby equal to the plate current of tube 32; consequently the bridge current is balanced and the ammeter 36 is at zero.
  • the plate voltages of the tubes 32 and 35 serve also as grid voltages for the two relay tubes 38 and 39.
  • the cathodes of both these tubes are positive with reference to the control grids.
  • a relay in andii respectively.
  • relays are provided each with three operative contacts, of which two provide for the switching in or switching off of the signalling lamps 13 which are illumniated whenever there is an increase or a reduction of the moisture contents of the run of material; a further contact of the relay allows switching in or oil an adjustable member 44 adapted to adjust automatically the moisture contents of the run of material.
  • a switch 42 is arranged for modifying the threshold value of the arrangement, so as to allow a further adjustment of sensitivity.
  • the condenser 23 of periodically varying capacity and the thermionic amplifier tube 21 may be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the run of material, while the other parts of the device may be located at a distance.
  • the arrangement may be such that one terminal of said operating contacts may immediately be connected to the common datum point.
  • the relay 49 When the relay 49 is energized, the pick-up electrodes l1, l8 and ill, the lead 20 and one electrode of the varying condenser 23 will be submitted to a predetermined voltage, whereby the charge is partially led off, that means is brought to a determined potential.
  • the energization of relay 49 is performed by a saw-tooth oscillator comprising condenser 50, glow-lamp 5
  • This arrangement operates as follows: The condenser 50 is charged through the variable resistance until the flash-point of the glow-lamp is reached.
  • the indicating and adjusting devices connected to the amplifier are adjusted by suitable settings in correspondence with the periodical interruptions or charges of tension so that only the intermediate charge between two periods of switching is indicated.
  • a device as shown in Fig. 6 may be used.
  • a bimetallic strip 51 isheated by a current furnished from a transformer 59 and flowing through the resistance 60.
  • the bimetallic strip is bent to the side opposite to that shown on the drawing, whereby the operating contact GI connected to the lead 20 is closed and at the same time the contact 58 is opened, whereby the heating of the bimetallic strip is interrupted.
  • the current for heating the bimetallic strip to may of course be produced by the power supply of the amplifier. By adjusting the tension the time-constant of the bimetallic system can be changed.
  • the operating contact 82 is controlled by a cam which is rotated with constant speed by a motor not shown.
  • the terminal 84 of this operating contact is again connected to the carriers of the electrostatic charge, while the other terminal is connected to the common datum point.
  • This latter terminal may be connected to a point of the arrangement submitted to a definite potential.
  • the method of actuating at least one member in accordance with the moisture contents of runs of material which by the friction caused by their motion receive an electrostatic charge depending on their moisture contents which consists in charging said condenser by the electrostatic voltage produced on the run of material, transforming said electrostatic voltage into an alternating voltage proportional thereto by continuously and cyclically varying the capacity of said condenser, amplifying said alternating volta e, and employing said amplified voltage for actuating said member.
  • a device for actuating at least one controlling member in accordance with the moisture contents of runs of fabric which by the friction caused by their motion receive an electrostatic charge depending on their moisture contents
  • a device as claimed in claim 2 including means for step-wise changing the mean capacity of said periodically varying condenser.
  • a device for actuating at least one controlling member in accordance with the moisture contents of runs of fabric which by the friction caused by their motion receive an electrostatic charge depending on their moisture contents
  • a device as claimed in claim 2 including a resistance connected between ground and said conducting means applyingsaid electrostatic voltage to said condenser. i 8. A device as claimed in claim 2, including a periodically operating switching device adapted to submit during the period of switching said means conducting the electrostatic charge to a predetermined voltage.
  • a device as claimed in claim 2 including a periodically operating switching device adapted to connect during the period of switching said means conducting the electrostatic charge to the common datum point of the arrangement.
  • a device as claimed in claim 2 including a switching device, and a saw tooth oscillator causing said switching device to operate periodically, said switching device being arranged to submit during the period of switching said means conducting the electrostatic charge to a predetermined voltage.
  • a device as claimed in claim 2 including a periodically operating bimetallic switch adapted 8 to submit during the period of switching said means conducting the electrostatic voltage to a predetermined voltage.
  • a device as claimed in claim 2 including a switching device, and a cam device periodically operating said switching device, said switching device being arranged to submit during the period of switching said means conducting the electrostatic voltage to a predetermined voltage.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
US758283A 1944-04-17 1947-07-01 Determination of moisture contents Expired - Lifetime US2532010A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH238352T 1944-04-17

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US2532010A true US2532010A (en) 1950-11-28

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CH (1) CH238352A (de)
FR (1) FR923393A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2663842A (en) * 1953-12-22 Apparatus for measuring electro
US2671942A (en) * 1949-02-09 1954-03-16 Electric Construction Co Electrical drive for textile machines
US2688459A (en) * 1951-03-29 1954-09-07 Exact Weight Scale Co Averaging system
US2856582A (en) * 1955-05-24 1958-10-14 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for measuring thickness
US2862304A (en) * 1952-07-08 1958-12-02 Eicken Henri Apparatus for defining the percentage of moisture contained in any material and for checking or controlling machines treating moist material
US3013203A (en) * 1958-07-01 1961-12-12 Xerox Corp Xerographic electrometer apparatus
US3189802A (en) * 1960-11-29 1965-06-15 William A Zisman Vibrating capacitor with a coated reference electrode
US3256481A (en) * 1960-03-21 1966-06-14 Charles F Pulvari Means for sensing electrostatic fields
US3358378A (en) * 1965-04-19 1967-12-19 Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company Method and apparatus for measurement of moisture
US3601694A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-08-24 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for electrically checking the continuity of a coating

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19820432A1 (de) 1998-05-07 1999-11-11 Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Auftragsmediums auf einen laufenden Untergrund

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1212014A (en) * 1915-09-11 1917-01-09 Edward P Butts Process and apparatus for drying.
US1276589A (en) * 1917-06-26 1918-08-20 Gen Electric Thermoregulator.
US1639000A (en) * 1924-01-04 1927-08-16 Western Electric Co Wave modulation
US1648899A (en) * 1924-08-16 1927-11-15 Dassa Dixon Evins Chirometer
US1805474A (en) * 1927-10-24 1931-05-19 Atlantic Prec Instr Company Apparatus for controlling moisture content of paper or the like
US1907559A (en) * 1931-12-10 1933-05-09 Gen Electric Electrical control and regulating circuits
US2083920A (en) * 1934-07-28 1937-06-15 Gen Railway Signal Co Railway track circuit
US2102141A (en) * 1935-03-23 1937-12-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Battery charging system
US2244722A (en) * 1937-10-21 1941-06-10 Austin S Norcross Automatic control system
US2270732A (en) * 1940-05-22 1942-01-20 Brown Instr Co Measuring and control apparatus
US2274735A (en) * 1938-10-18 1942-03-03 Melville F Peters Apparatus for determining the position of the conductor in electrical cables
US2311673A (en) * 1940-08-02 1943-02-23 Barber Colman Co Condition control
US2346437A (en) * 1939-08-10 1944-04-11 Brown Instr Co Moisture control system
US2377506A (en) * 1942-06-02 1945-06-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Supervision of electric power supply circuits
US2401527A (en) * 1943-03-30 1946-06-04 Rca Corp Electromechanical multiplying device
US2421430A (en) * 1943-06-17 1947-06-03 Celanese Corp Device for testing static accumulating properties of textile fibers
US2460199A (en) * 1945-10-25 1949-01-25 Ferranti Ltd Measurement or variation of physical states of materials

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1212014A (en) * 1915-09-11 1917-01-09 Edward P Butts Process and apparatus for drying.
US1276589A (en) * 1917-06-26 1918-08-20 Gen Electric Thermoregulator.
US1639000A (en) * 1924-01-04 1927-08-16 Western Electric Co Wave modulation
US1648899A (en) * 1924-08-16 1927-11-15 Dassa Dixon Evins Chirometer
US1805474A (en) * 1927-10-24 1931-05-19 Atlantic Prec Instr Company Apparatus for controlling moisture content of paper or the like
US1907559A (en) * 1931-12-10 1933-05-09 Gen Electric Electrical control and regulating circuits
US2083920A (en) * 1934-07-28 1937-06-15 Gen Railway Signal Co Railway track circuit
US2102141A (en) * 1935-03-23 1937-12-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Battery charging system
US2244722A (en) * 1937-10-21 1941-06-10 Austin S Norcross Automatic control system
US2274735A (en) * 1938-10-18 1942-03-03 Melville F Peters Apparatus for determining the position of the conductor in electrical cables
US2346437A (en) * 1939-08-10 1944-04-11 Brown Instr Co Moisture control system
US2270732A (en) * 1940-05-22 1942-01-20 Brown Instr Co Measuring and control apparatus
US2311673A (en) * 1940-08-02 1943-02-23 Barber Colman Co Condition control
US2377506A (en) * 1942-06-02 1945-06-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Supervision of electric power supply circuits
US2401527A (en) * 1943-03-30 1946-06-04 Rca Corp Electromechanical multiplying device
US2421430A (en) * 1943-06-17 1947-06-03 Celanese Corp Device for testing static accumulating properties of textile fibers
US2460199A (en) * 1945-10-25 1949-01-25 Ferranti Ltd Measurement or variation of physical states of materials

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2663842A (en) * 1953-12-22 Apparatus for measuring electro
US2671942A (en) * 1949-02-09 1954-03-16 Electric Construction Co Electrical drive for textile machines
US2688459A (en) * 1951-03-29 1954-09-07 Exact Weight Scale Co Averaging system
US2862304A (en) * 1952-07-08 1958-12-02 Eicken Henri Apparatus for defining the percentage of moisture contained in any material and for checking or controlling machines treating moist material
US2856582A (en) * 1955-05-24 1958-10-14 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for measuring thickness
US3013203A (en) * 1958-07-01 1961-12-12 Xerox Corp Xerographic electrometer apparatus
US3256481A (en) * 1960-03-21 1966-06-14 Charles F Pulvari Means for sensing electrostatic fields
US3189802A (en) * 1960-11-29 1965-06-15 William A Zisman Vibrating capacitor with a coated reference electrode
US3358378A (en) * 1965-04-19 1967-12-19 Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company Method and apparatus for measurement of moisture
US3601694A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-08-24 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for electrically checking the continuity of a coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH238352A (de) 1945-07-15
FR923393A (fr) 1947-07-04

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