US2533020A - Circuit arrangement for amplifying ultra high frequency electrical oscillations - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for amplifying ultra high frequency electrical oscillations Download PDF

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Publication number
US2533020A
US2533020A US682984A US68298446A US2533020A US 2533020 A US2533020 A US 2533020A US 682984 A US682984 A US 682984A US 68298446 A US68298446 A US 68298446A US 2533020 A US2533020 A US 2533020A
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Prior art keywords
cathode
input
grid
lead
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US682984A
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English (en)
Inventor
Knol Kornclis Swier
Strutt Maximiliaan Julius Otto
Ziel Aldert Van Der
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H03F1/10—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of amplifying elements with multiple electrode connections

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a circuit arrangement for amplifying ultrahigh-frequency electrical oscillations comprising a. discharge tube having a cathode, an input electrode, an output electrode and one or more auxiliary electrode(s) interposed between the input electrode and the output electrode.
  • damping occurs due to the backcoupling brought about by cooperation of the natural capacities between the electrodes of the tube and the natural inductances of the supply conductors for these electrodes. This damping may be called lead damping.
  • a damping of the input impedance is caused by the natural inductance of the cathode lead in cooperation with the natural capacity between the cathode and the input electrode.
  • the cathode current in fact brings about, across the said inductance, a high-frequency voltage which is leading in phase by about 90 with respect to the voltage of the input electrode and involves a current from the cathode to the input electrode through the said capacity, which current leads in phase by about 180 with respect to the voltage of the input electrode and consequently involves a damping of the input impedance.
  • This artifice has an effect similar to the insertion of an additional inductance in the circuit of the auxiliary electrode, but in the sense that in this case not Ionly the Icurrent of the auxiliary electrode but also the current of the output electrode traverses the additional inductance, so that a much stronger undamping is obtained at a given value of the additional inductance.
  • reaction is brought about rather indirectly and more particularly by the fact that a current traversing the capacity between the output electrode and an auxiliary electrode brings about a voltage across the natural inductance of the supply conductor to this auxiliary electrode, which voltage involves a current through the capacity between the auxiliary electrode in question and the input electrode.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a novel and extremely simple means for removing the reaction in circuit arrangements comprising a discharge tube whose cathode is equipped in the aforesaid manner with at least two supply leads which are entirely separated from each other in regard to high frequency.
  • Another object of the invention consists in simultaneously decreasing the damping exerted by the tube on the input impedance.
  • At least one of the auxiliary electrodes is connected to the cathode through the input cathode lead and at least one of the inductances, which are naturally available on both sides of the tapping leading to the input impedance in the connection(s) extending from one or more auxiliary electrode(s) through the input-cathode lead to the cathode and/0r at least one of the inductances which, as the case may be, are naturally available on both sides of the tapping leading to the output impedance in the connection(s) extending from one or more auxiliary electrode(s) through the output-cathode lead to the cathode and/or at least one of the capacities, which are naturally available between the cathode and the input electrode, between each auxiliary electrode and Y the input electrode and between each auxiliary electrode and the output electrode, is increased, by adding an additional inductance or capacity, to such a degree as to remove at least substantially the reaction of the high-frequency voltage, which appears across the output impedance, on the input impedance
  • Fig. l represents an amplifying circuit arrangement for ultra-high frequency oscillations comprising a discharge tube B.
  • the tube B has a cathode K, an input electrode (control grid) Gl and an output electrode (anode) A.
  • the control grid Gi and the anode A is pro- Cil vided an auxiliary electrode (screen grid) G2 having a positive bias.
  • the cathode K is equipped with two supply leads which are entirely separated from each other in regard to high frequency and connected through one oi these supply leads (the input cathode lead) through the intermediary or" an input impedance Zi to the control grid Gi, which connection includes a blocking condenser which constitutes a short-circuit in regard to the oscillations to be ainplied.
  • the cathode is connected through an output impedance Z2 to the anode A through the intermediary of the second supply lead (the output cathode lead).
  • This connection also comprises a blocking condenser which constitutes a short-circuit in regard to the oscillations to be amplified, the control-grid Gl being negatively biassed and the anode A being positively biassed in the usual way.
  • the natural inductances of the input and output cathode-lead are designated Ll and L2 respectively.
  • the oscillations to be amplied are supplied to the impedance Zi, whereas the ampliiied oscillations are taken from the impedance Z2.
  • the screen-grid G2 is connected through a blocking condenser to the cathode through the intermediary of the input-cathode lead.
  • the natural inductance of the part of this connection located between the screen-grid G2 and the tapping P leading to the input edance is represented by L3.
  • the natural capacity between the cathode K and the control-grid Gi is represented by Cl
  • the natural capacity between the anode A and the screen-grid G2 being represented by C2
  • that between the screen-grid G2 and the control-grid Gi by C3.
  • the amplified voltage appearing across the output impedance ZZ reacts upon the input imp pedance Z, since the capacity C2 is traversed pedance is entirely neutralised.
  • the inductance Lt is now preferably made as small as possible and more particularly vsmall with respect to at least one of the inductances Ll, L2 and L3. This can be achieved by making the connection between G2 and Q as short as possible, for instance by bringing the tapping Q as close as possible to the screen grid G2.
  • YThe eiect of this expedient consists in that the diagonal G2K of the bridge is short-circuited, as it were, so that a lower voltage is set up across this diagonal due to which the reaction Voltage set up across the input impedance Zi in the case of the bridge being out of equilibrium is likewise reduced. Otherwise the eiect of the circuit is not aected by providing the aforesaid second screen-grid cathode connection.
  • Fig. 3 represents an arrangement according to the invention, in which the discharge tube comprises the aforesaid electrodes and in addition a second auxiliary electrode (suppression grid) having cathode-potential in regard to direction current.
  • the suppressor grid G3 is connected to the cathode K both through the intermediary of the input cathode lead and through the intermediary of the output cathode lead.
  • the natural inductance of the part of the connection, through the intermediary of the input cathode lead, located between the suppressor grid G3 and the tapping P leading to the input impedance is represented by L5
  • the natural inductance of the part of the connection, through the output-cathode lead, located between the suppressor grid G3 and the tapping Q leading to the output impedance is represented by L6.
  • the natural capacity between the suppressor grid G3 and the anode A is represented by C4
  • the natural capacity between the suppressor grid G3 and the control grid Gi is represented by C5.
  • the natural capacity between the grids G2 Aand G3 plays only a minor part in regard to the eiect aimed at and for this reason it is not further considered.
  • Fig. 4 represents the substitution diagram of the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 3 from which it appears that this arrangement comprises two partly coinciding Wheatstone bridges one of which is constituted by the elements L3, C3, LI and Cl and the second consisting of the elements L5, C5, LI and Cl.
  • L3C3 is preferably made larger than LiCi, and L5C5 smaller than LlCi.
  • the comparatively high value of L3 required for this purpose leads in a manner ⁇ known per se (increase of the inductance of the screengrid lead) to undamping of the input impedance Zt.. Y
  • the inductances LE and Le are preferably made as small as possible and this for the same reasonsl stated already in regard to the inductance Ld in the circuit represented in Fig. l.
  • the desired eiect i. e. neutralisation of the reaction with simultaneous complete or partial compensation of the electron damping can be achieved, in principle, by articially increasing each of the inductances Li-LG and each of the capacities Ci-C or a plurality of these inductances and capacities.
  • An arrangement for amplifying ultra-high frequencies comprising an electron discharge device having in successive ⁇ arrangement a cathode, a grid, an auxiliary grid and an anode, said cathode being provided with rst and second supply leads electrically separated with respect to high frequencies, the interelectrode capacity between said cathode and grid constituting a rst capacitance and the interelectrode capacity between said grid and auxiliary grid constituting a second capacitance, an inrput impedance connected between said grid and said rst lead, an output impedance connected between said anode and said second lead, a rst conductor connected at one end to the junction of said first lead and input impedance and capacitively coupled ⁇ at the other end to said auxiliary
  • a rst inductor formed by the self inductance of said first lead, a second inductor formed by the self inductance of said rst conductor, said first capacitance and said second capacitance constitute the respective arms of a bridge across whose output diagonals is connected said iniput impedance and across whose input diagonals is coupled said output impedance, said first and second inductors and said rst and second capacitances of said bridge having values at which said bridge is substantially in equilibrium, a third inductor formed by the self inductance of said second lead in series with a fourth inductor formed by the self inductance of said second con- .ascendi .ductorbein'g connected across the input diagonale of said bridge thereby minimizingthe eiect of 'any unbalance in 'said bridge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US682984A 1943-04-21 1946-07-12 Circuit arrangement for amplifying ultra high frequency electrical oscillations Expired - Lifetime US2533020A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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NL626349X 1943-04-21

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US (1) US2533020A (fr)
FR (1) FR903553A (fr)
GB (1) GB626349A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2763776A (en) * 1951-10-18 1956-09-18 Avco Mfg Corp Ultrahigh-frequency converter for very-high-frequency television receiver
US2769869A (en) * 1954-12-02 1956-11-06 Motorola Inc Neutralized amplifier
US2790036A (en) * 1955-06-07 1957-04-23 Ben H Tongue Electron-tube stabilized amplifying circuit

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB544641A (en) * 1940-07-22 1942-04-22 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to circuits for amplifying high-frequency oscillations

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB544641A (en) * 1940-07-22 1942-04-22 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to circuits for amplifying high-frequency oscillations

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2763776A (en) * 1951-10-18 1956-09-18 Avco Mfg Corp Ultrahigh-frequency converter for very-high-frequency television receiver
US2769869A (en) * 1954-12-02 1956-11-06 Motorola Inc Neutralized amplifier
US2790036A (en) * 1955-06-07 1957-04-23 Ben H Tongue Electron-tube stabilized amplifying circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR903553A (fr) 1945-10-09
GB626349A (en) 1949-07-13

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