US2547060A - Process for the treatment of rabbit's hair - Google Patents

Process for the treatment of rabbit's hair Download PDF

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Publication number
US2547060A
US2547060A US726084A US72608447A US2547060A US 2547060 A US2547060 A US 2547060A US 726084 A US726084 A US 726084A US 72608447 A US72608447 A US 72608447A US 2547060 A US2547060 A US 2547060A
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Prior art keywords
hairs
hair
treatment
rabbits
curled
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US726084A
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English (en)
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Tillisch Henry Christian Emil
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I S ANITIL
I/S ANITIL
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I S ANITIL
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C3/00—Treatment of animal material, e.g. chemical scouring of wool

Definitions

  • Rabbits hair particularlyhairs from Angora rabbits, possess many properties which make them highly estimated in the textile industry and in ordinary use, but they suffer, however, from several drawbacks. They are difhcult to spin, especially the short-hair qualities, in particular if not mixed with other fibres, and in wear-Andependently of their lengththe hairs have a pronounced and very embarrassing tendency to fluff and adhere to other fabrics, for instance, woolen clothes. The hairs are furthermore inclined to move within the threads and even out of same, possibly into other fabrics.
  • the hairs may also be given a permanent curling which, a., will contribute to preventing any wanderings of the threads.
  • the hairs if desired, be made relatively stiff or elastic and live. According to circumstances yarns spun of such material may be more voluminous than yarn of untreated hair, with a line adhesive power of the fibres in the single threads and without pronounced tendency to felting with the adjoining threads or with other fabrics or to hurling.
  • the hairs can be made appreciably softer than. natural hair, while at the same time they will fluff, move and become entangled in a less degree than untreated hairs.
  • the present invention comprises a treatment of rabbits hair, particularly of the Angora rabbit type, in natural state, or alternatively after the hairs have been curled, crisped or ondulatcd.
  • the curling is especially of importance in the case of the mostly straight and comparatively stiff bristles or coating hairs, as a rule about 35-85 [1. thick, whereas the fine hairs have a thickness of about 5-20 besides possessing beforehand Wavy ondulations.
  • the chemical treatment is performed at a pH value lower than 12 by means of chemicals which in reacting with the hair substances give rise to in water insoluble combinations and entail a permanent alteration in the chemical composition or constitution and the physical properties of the hairs, particularly the surface qualities of same, inter alia their electric qualities. It is presumably the featureless layer on the cuticles and the cement between the inner layers of keratin cells which above all are affected.
  • concentrations of acid higher than about 11/5 it will as a rule not suit the purpose to employ concentrations of acid higher than about 11/5, whereas at room temperature the concentration may be considerably higher, e. g., up to normal strength, or even several times normal strength. If the chemicals are added at extreme pH values, or high concentrations, it is important to employ only the necessary quantity of the chemicals.
  • tanning or mordant agents which, however, must not spoil the natural colour of the hairs unless it e2:- pressly intended to affect same.
  • the process may, for example, be carried out by means of aldehydes, possibly in conjunction with substances which will secure pH values preferably 3 below "I, or aldehyde acids or such substances as are able to form aldehydes.
  • Examples of such chemicals are: formaldehyde and its condensation products, hoinclogues or derivatives of any kind, such as, furiurol which mayact colouring, glyoxal or homolcgues or derivatives of such substances. These substances may be used together or possibly sir .ultanecusly with inorganic acids or acid salts, organic acids or acid organic compounds of any suitable kind, for example, aliphatic acids, such as acetic acid, its homologues or derivatives thereof, such as halogenated acids. Furthermore may be used aldehyde -cids, such as formic acid, its homologues or derivatives and compounds which are able to form such acids.
  • halogenated, organic acids such as trichlor acetic acid or sulphonated substances, such as Turkey-red oil 1' naphthaline sulp-honic-acids.
  • chemicals which can be employed for permanent-waving of human hair, or for the improvement of other keratin fibres, for example, for making curled horsehair, including also reducing and oxydizing chemicals.
  • Another Way of treating the hairs consists in a halogen'ation. It is necessary to give a mild treatment only to hinder the fine hairs from being offected too much before the coarser hairs have been altered sufficiently by the halogenation. For this reason bromine should be preferred to chlorine.
  • the chemicals are added by immersing the hairs into, e. g, an aqueous solution or by allowing the flow of such solution through the it is preferable to use solutions which are not too highly concentrated.
  • the chemicals may furthermore be added in solution in fatty substances or" the frequently used in the textile industry for the greasing of yarns, or in emulsions containing such fats.
  • the chemicals in such quantities that they will be completely, or almost completely, absorbed by the hairs, since a too pronounced excess may impair the hairs and be difficult to remove. Any washing, aerator drying of the hairs, which often will be necessary if excessive amounts of chemical are used, is thereby avoided.
  • the treatment may take place, for example, at ordinary temperature. At higher temperatures, e. g. -100" 0., the process must not be of long duration since the hairs will suffer thereby.
  • the treatment may last for days or weeks.
  • the process can be finished in in ich shorter time, for instance, considerably less than 1 hour and up to a few hours. 1-4 hours re often used.
  • pressure must be applied.
  • the colour of the hairs need not suiier by the treatment supposed this is performed at suitable temperatures and the substances are applied in suitable concentrations and in suitable surroundingsfor instance, without the presence of oxygen.
  • the treatment can be performed at any stage during the preparation of the hairs for textiles: on the unprepared, or more or less workedup hairs, on the yarns during or after their spinning and dyeing, etc.
  • the short Angora rabbit qualities often designated as qualitie II and III without addition of other fibres, such as long Angora rabbit hairs of quality I, sheep wool or other natural or artificial fibres. It is possible to spin exceedingly thin yarns of pure Angora fibres, for example, of fineness No. 4.0 or even finer.
  • the mechanical treatment comprises a gentle pressing or stretching of the hairs imparting to same, particularly the coarse coating hairs, a curling which becomes fixed by the above. mentioned chemical treatment.
  • the hairs will thereby be still less inclined to move in the yarns and out of them, than the natural ones. This holds good especially for coating hairs which by nature are straight.
  • the curled fibres can be spun particularly fine.
  • the mechanical treatment according to the invention may suitably take place, in whole or in part, simultaneously with the chemical and therein-chemical treatment, the hairs in their curled condition being submitted to a tension or a soft pressure by which the fine hairs will suiier no damage, nor burst to any extent worth mentioning.
  • the hairs possess a suitable degree of humidity preferably with a pH value between 4 and 8, and their temperature must differ appreciably from the optimal felting temperatures.
  • certain anti-felting agents such as the so-called Perminal NF.
  • a treatment with chemical solutions, in which the hairs are immersed, may take place in ordina'y, open or closed containers, for example, pressure containers, making it possible to apply also higher temperatures than C.
  • Chemical solutions may also be applied by spraying while the hairs are spread out in a thin layer, with a subsequent thorough mixing, for example, by passing the hairs through a devil.
  • the hairs may be warmed before or during the mechanical treatment, for instance, by causing hot air or another gaseous medium, such as carbon dioxide or hot vapour, to flow through the mass of hair, or electrically by induction or di-electric heating, etc., according to circumstances.
  • the mechanical treatment may comprise a soft compression in a container or, e. g. be brought about thereby that the hairs in the form of a carding veil, in some suitable manner, are given an ondulating shape, e. g. by being conveyed against or pressed down into a relief-formed, possibly perforated plate, such as, a wire-screen, or they may be curled by being pressed between two parallel, reliefformed plates, whereby they will also be somewhat stretched.
  • the active plates of the apparatus may appropriately be covered with glass, porcelain or other substances, such as suitable alloys or plastics which are not attacked by the said chemicals, so that the hairs will not be affected in an undesirable manner.
  • the walls of the apparatuses may be perforated so as to allow an introduction through the wa1ls-possibly in direct flow of the said chemicals at a suitable temperature whereby the mass of hair can be heated at the same time.
  • the walls of the apparatuses may be provided with heating devices.
  • the apparatuses may preferably be placed in a closed room at suitable temperature.
  • the drawing shows schematically different embodiments of the apparatuses according to the invention for the treatment of the hairs.
  • Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for the treatment of a bulk of hair tale quale
  • Figs. 26 different apparatuses for the curling of hairs.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section of an apparatus with acid-proof walls l, which preferably are covered with sheets of lass or porcelain and which may be provided with heating devices. Above the bottom there is a grate 3 carrying the bulk of hair 4.
  • the apparatus is closed with a lid 5 which in some suitable manner, e. g., by means of a sand trap or asbestos, provides a tight fit against the upper edge of the walls.
  • 6 denotes a ventilator which draws the air from the interior of the apparatus and blows it through a heating device l, back to the bulk of hair so as to establish a circulating, possibly hot flow of air.
  • the hairs Prior to the filling or during same, the hairs may be heated and imbued with the chemicals or-as far as volatile chemicals are concernedthe aircirculating system may be provided with an evaporator for same.
  • Fig. 2 shows a curling apparatus comprising a container 8 with a loose bottom plate 9 and intermediate plates H3 together with a piston l l.
  • the mass of hair is placed in layers in the container, tlfe layers being separated by the intermediate plates and compressed softly by means of the piston.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perforated plate, e. g., a grate system or a wire i3, supporting a layer of ondulated hair, e. g., a carding veil M.
  • Fig. l two ribbed plates i5 and 16 of which the one-iii or both is are provided with perforations is for the introduction of chemicals.
  • the ribbed plates are provided with ribs IT and I8 displaced one in relation to the other.
  • a layerof ihairs e. g, in the form of carding bands or carding veils, folded once or possibly several times, may be introduced between the ribbed plates, which thereafter are pressed together in such a way that the ribs on one plate will enter a little into the intermediate spaces between the ribs on the opposite plate, whereby the hairs will be curled.
  • the chemicals in liquid or gaseous state, may be introduced through the perforations IS in the case the hairs have not been imbued with same prior hereto. If perforations are provided in both plates the chemicals may flow through them and possibly heat them at the same time.
  • the ribbed plates may contingently be joined together into a conveyor band of arbitrary length.
  • Example 1 0.5 to 1 part by weight of an aqueous 30-40% formaldehyde solution of the ordinary merchantable quality, possibly with the addition of humdihers, is used for the treatment of 10 parts of Angora rabbits hair or other curled or not curled.
  • the solution e. g., in the shape of fine, or extremely fine, n1ist-like drops, may be sprayed upon the hairs, or the latter may treated with vapours from such a solution.
  • the hairs should preferably be allowed to remain for a couple of days, e.
  • the power of the hairs to become electric by friction is appreciably diminished. If working at higher temperatures than room temperature, e. g., 59-100 C.., the result. after e. g., 4 hours treatment, will be a yarn which is easy to spin and which even at the roving stage of the spinning process exhibits a fine cohesive power and whose fibres show only a slight inclination to become matted with the adjoining threads.
  • the yarn spun of hairs treated in this manner will be relatively voluminous.
  • a yarn similar to that of Example 1 with a reduced tendency to become matted can be obtained from hairs treated as above.
  • Example 3 0.5-1 part by weight of an aqueous 50-90% solution of formic acid is used for the treatment of 10 parts by weight of rabbits hair as indicated in Example 1, and resulting in hairs with almost the same or even better qualities.
  • the yarns, which are easily spun of these hairs possess only a slight tendency to become matted inter se, and are rather soft. Very thin threads can be spun of hairs treated in this way.
  • Example 4 Rabbits hair, e. g. Angora rabbits hairs, curled or not curled, are immersed for one day or several days at room temperature into 11/5 to 11/100 rabbits hair,
  • sulphuric acid containing some percentages of aldehydes e. g. formaldehyde. Thereafter they are subjected to an eflicient washing, possibly with the addition of ammonia, and dried.
  • the result will be resilient hairs with a pronounced silklike lustre well suited for being spun ei her unmixed, particularly in a curled state, or, e. g., mixed with soft hairs, such as hairs treated according to the procedure indicated in Example 3.
  • Example 5 Rabbits hair, for example, Angora rabbits hairs, curled or not curled, are soaked in a solution of magnesium acetatepossibly with addition of a1dehydes--fcr a couple of days at room temperature, or, e. g., for 20 minutes up to several hours at temperatures from 50 to 100 C. When washed and dried as above the tendency of the hairs to become electric by friction is considerably diminished. They are excellently suited for the spinning of fine yarns.
  • Example 6 Rabbits hair, for example, Angora rabbits hairs, curled or not curled, are treated in a similar manner as indicated in Example 5 with a solution of aluminium sulphate at a pH value of 3.5-4. If moreover aldehydes are added, the hairs will have an even less tendency to become electric by friction, whereas hairs without the addition of aldehyde often become somewhat easier to spin into fine yarns.
  • Example 7 Rabbits hair, for example, Angora rabbits hairs, curled or not curled, are treated with boric acid at a pI-I value of 7-9, re ulated by means of sulphuric acid, for 1 hour at 95 C. After the treatment the hairs are washed and dried. The hairs will not be essentially impaired by the relatively high pH value.
  • the curled hairs will preserve their curling well.
  • the step of reducing the tendency of the rabbit hair to become electric by friction by treating such rabbit hair at a temperature between room temperature and C., with a fluid rich in a volatile aldehydic substance of the class consisting of lower aldehydes and lower aldehyde-acids, at a pH between 1 and 7, to produce a reaction of such treating fluid with the surface portion of the rabbit hairs.
  • the aldehydic substance is a mixture of a volatile lower aliphatic acid and a volatile lower aldehyde.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US726084A 1945-10-03 1947-02-03 Process for the treatment of rabbit's hair Expired - Lifetime US2547060A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2805913A (en) * 1954-02-19 1957-09-10 Edward R Frederick Method of enhancing filling power, stabilizing curl, etc., in land fowl feathers by applying glyoxal and products produced therefrom
US2805914A (en) * 1954-06-09 1957-09-10 Edward R Frederick Alpha-hydroxy-adipaldehyde treatment of chicken feathers to enhance filling power, water repellancy, etc.
US2886399A (en) * 1957-05-13 1959-05-12 Varsenig Z Pasternak Aldehyde treatment of land fowl feathers
US2952045A (en) * 1957-11-21 1960-09-13 Chemstrand Corp Fluid metering apparatus
US2990584A (en) * 1957-10-24 1961-07-04 Chemstrand Corp Crimping apparatus
EP0450843A3 (en) * 1990-03-31 1992-12-23 Korea Angora Company Limited Process for making fibres from animal hair
US6330786B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2001-12-18 Great Plains Buffalo Products, Inc. Buffalo hair yarn and fabric and method of making buffalo hair yarn and fabric

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US787923A (en) * 1901-07-24 1905-04-25 Albert Kann Treating sheep's wool.
US1106371A (en) * 1914-03-17 1914-08-11 Philip C Donner Art of carroting fur.
US1210394A (en) * 1914-12-10 1917-01-02 Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Process of finishing animal filaments, fibers, or threads.
GB116763A (en) * 1917-06-23 1918-06-24 Harry Hey An Improved Method of Cleaning, Carbonising and Sterilising Raw Wool.
US1625458A (en) * 1925-04-28 1927-04-19 Philip C Donner Carroting fur and art of treating the same
US1719043A (en) * 1924-11-20 1929-07-02 Bohm Viktor Process for carroting animal fibers
US1778473A (en) * 1925-04-09 1930-10-14 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process for preparing hair to be worked into felt
US1931355A (en) * 1931-03-17 1933-10-17 Nathansohn Alexander Process of treating furs
US2155648A (en) * 1934-06-09 1939-04-25 Hatters Fur Exchange Inc Yarn
US2155647A (en) * 1936-09-18 1939-04-25 Hatters Fur Exchange Inc Treatment of animal fibers
GB519343A (en) * 1938-08-12 1940-03-21 Calico Printers Ass Ltd Improvements relating to the dyeing and finishing of textile materials
US2220426A (en) * 1937-08-28 1940-11-05 Aldox Corp Method of treating cellulose fibers
US2253102A (en) * 1939-10-19 1941-08-19 Du Pont Method of reducing shrinkage of wool
US2348602A (en) * 1936-10-19 1944-05-09 George W Benz Process of treating filamentous materials

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US787923A (en) * 1901-07-24 1905-04-25 Albert Kann Treating sheep's wool.
US1106371A (en) * 1914-03-17 1914-08-11 Philip C Donner Art of carroting fur.
US1210394A (en) * 1914-12-10 1917-01-02 Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Process of finishing animal filaments, fibers, or threads.
GB116763A (en) * 1917-06-23 1918-06-24 Harry Hey An Improved Method of Cleaning, Carbonising and Sterilising Raw Wool.
US1719043A (en) * 1924-11-20 1929-07-02 Bohm Viktor Process for carroting animal fibers
US1778473A (en) * 1925-04-09 1930-10-14 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process for preparing hair to be worked into felt
US1625458A (en) * 1925-04-28 1927-04-19 Philip C Donner Carroting fur and art of treating the same
US1931355A (en) * 1931-03-17 1933-10-17 Nathansohn Alexander Process of treating furs
US2155648A (en) * 1934-06-09 1939-04-25 Hatters Fur Exchange Inc Yarn
US2155647A (en) * 1936-09-18 1939-04-25 Hatters Fur Exchange Inc Treatment of animal fibers
US2348602A (en) * 1936-10-19 1944-05-09 George W Benz Process of treating filamentous materials
US2220426A (en) * 1937-08-28 1940-11-05 Aldox Corp Method of treating cellulose fibers
GB519343A (en) * 1938-08-12 1940-03-21 Calico Printers Ass Ltd Improvements relating to the dyeing and finishing of textile materials
US2253102A (en) * 1939-10-19 1941-08-19 Du Pont Method of reducing shrinkage of wool

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2805913A (en) * 1954-02-19 1957-09-10 Edward R Frederick Method of enhancing filling power, stabilizing curl, etc., in land fowl feathers by applying glyoxal and products produced therefrom
US2805914A (en) * 1954-06-09 1957-09-10 Edward R Frederick Alpha-hydroxy-adipaldehyde treatment of chicken feathers to enhance filling power, water repellancy, etc.
US2886399A (en) * 1957-05-13 1959-05-12 Varsenig Z Pasternak Aldehyde treatment of land fowl feathers
US2990584A (en) * 1957-10-24 1961-07-04 Chemstrand Corp Crimping apparatus
US2952045A (en) * 1957-11-21 1960-09-13 Chemstrand Corp Fluid metering apparatus
EP0450843A3 (en) * 1990-03-31 1992-12-23 Korea Angora Company Limited Process for making fibres from animal hair
US6330786B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2001-12-18 Great Plains Buffalo Products, Inc. Buffalo hair yarn and fabric and method of making buffalo hair yarn and fabric

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Publication number Publication date
FR940696A (fr) 1948-12-20

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