US2554547A - Magnetic blowout circuit breaker for alternating current - Google Patents

Magnetic blowout circuit breaker for alternating current Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2554547A
US2554547A US30036A US3003648A US2554547A US 2554547 A US2554547 A US 2554547A US 30036 A US30036 A US 30036A US 3003648 A US3003648 A US 3003648A US 2554547 A US2554547 A US 2554547A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
arc
contacts
field
magnet
circuit breaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US30036A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zajic Vladislav
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CZECHOSLOVAK METAL AND ENGINEE
CZECHOSLOVAK METAL AND ENGINEERING WORKS
Original Assignee
CZECHOSLOVAK METAL AND ENGINEE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CZECHOSLOVAK METAL AND ENGINEE filed Critical CZECHOSLOVAK METAL AND ENGINEE
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2554547A publication Critical patent/US2554547A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to magnetic air circuit breakers of the type in which the arc resulting from opening of the breaker contacts is ma netically directed or biased into an arc quenching chamber or chute. More particularly, the invention is directed to means for assuring a uniform entry of the are into the quenching chute and a uniform distribution of the are over the quenching elements.
  • Circuit breakers of the type to which the present invention is directed include a make-andbreak contact structure arranged in advance of an arc quenching chamber or arc chute.
  • the contact structure usually includes a set of main contacts and one or more sets of auxiliary contacts arranged between the main contacts and the arc chute. The contacts are so designed that the main contacts separate before the auxiliary contacts open, so that the resulting arc is progressively'moved toward the arc chute.
  • a pair of arcing horns extend from the auxiliary contacts into the arcing chamber, and magnetic field inducing means are connected in circuit with the auxiliary contacts and the arcing horn.
  • magnetic field inducing means are connected in circuit with the auxiliary contacts and the arcing horn.
  • the quenching chamber includes interleaved arc extinguishing elements extending longitudinally of an insulating housing. These elements serve to elongate and distort the arc path, and to effect a cooling of the arc with the result that the increased arc path length and the chilling of the arc atmosphere effect a breaking of the arc.
  • the number of quenching elements is selected in accordance with the supply voltage, which latter determines the maintainable length of the are.
  • the center of the arc tends to lead the arc ends which run along the arcing horns.
  • this bowing tendency is increased due to the main field acting upon the advanced outer portion of the are before the ends of the arc enter the main field. Consequently, the quenching elements do not engage the are front simultaneously, resulting in incomplete and inefficient utilization of the quenching chamber.
  • the arc is rectified or straightened between the auxiliary field and the main field so that all lineal increments of the arc contact the advance ends of the quenching elements substantially simultaneously.
  • This straightening of the arc is effected in a rectification space separating the auxiliary field from the main field in the direction of bodily movement of the arc toward the are chute.
  • the phase of the main magnetic field is displaced so as to lag the phase of the auxiliary field.
  • the auxiliary field is substantially in phase with such current.
  • delay element are included in the energizing circuit of the main field and may comprise, for example, a short circuited turn or turns on the core of the main magnet, or may comprise reactive components in the energizing circuit of the main field.
  • the forwardly bulging control portion of the arc as it leaves th auxiliary field, is retarded in the rectification space, so that the lagging ends of the are still in the auxiliary field can catch up with the arc center.
  • the arc can be made rectilinear as it enters the main field. Consequently, the main field acts simultaneously on all lineal increments of the arc, and advances the are as a straight element into the quenching chamber. The are thus encounters all of the quenching elements simultaneously, resulting in efiicient utilization. of the arc chute and reducing the number of quenching elements required for a selected voltage.
  • an object of the present invention means to provide an improved arc quenching arrangement for an air circuit breaker.
  • Another object is to provide, in a magnetically quenched air circuit breaker, means to rectify the are as it enters the arc chute.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial sectional view, somewhat schematic, illustrating the arc relations in a known air circuit breaker.
  • Fig. 2 is a set of curves graphically illustrating the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view, similar to 1, illustrating arc relations resulting from use of the in ention principles.
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view through an air circuit breaker embodying the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of the circuit breaker.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 are partial vertical sectional views illustrating alternative embodiments of the invention.
  • an air circuit breaker is schematically illustrated as including circuit breaking contacts 2 arranged within the field of an auxiliary magnet 3.
  • an arc i is produced be-- tween the contacts.
  • Under the infiuence of the magnetic field of magnet 3, are moves to the right along arcing horns 5, G, with the center of the are leading the ends thereof as shown at i and i.
  • the bowed shape of the arc is accentuated, as indicated at S, as the arc enters the field of main magnet d which latter moves the are into the arc chute for quenching of the arc.
  • a lag of the phase of the field of magnet 9 is efiected relative to the phase of the field of magnet 3.
  • curve it rep -esents the time characteristic of the interrupted line current and curve ii the time characteristic of the field of magnet 3. Curves it) and H are substantially in phase.
  • the time characteristic of the field of magnet 9 is rep resented by curve i2.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate an air circuit breaker embodying the arc rectifying arrangement schematically shown in Figs. 1 and 3.
  • the breaker mechanism is arranged in an enclosure comprising top wall 2t and bottom wall 2i to which side walls 23 are secured by bolts 22, all the walls being of dielectric fireproof material.
  • the circuit closures include fixed main contacts 24, intermediate fixed contacts 25 and final fixed contacts 26. Contacts 25 are longer than contacts 24, and contacts 26 are longer than contacts 25.
  • Main contacts 2 are mounted in a holder 2's conductively secured to one line terminal 28.
  • the final or firing contacts 26 are mounted in a holder 29 conductively secured to the upper arcing born 30 extending into the arc chute or quenching chamber.
  • the circuit breakin mechanism includes a vertically'movable contact member 3
  • Suitable mechanism (not shown) is provided to effect movement of contact 3
  • the quenchin elements 34 in the arc chute may be of the type and arranged in the manner shown and described in our copending application Serial No. 35,310, filed June 26, 1948, or may be any other desired type.
  • the illustrated elements 36 as set forth in said copending application, have a rail-like cross section and arc interiltted to form an elongated tortuous path for the arc to assure rapid extinguishment thereof.
  • the first magnet includes pole pieces 35, core 36 and coil 31, the pole pieces 35 being arranged in transverse alignment with contacts 25 and 26.
  • Coil 31 is connected between contact holder 21 and contacts 25.
  • the second magnet includes pole pieces 38, a core 39 and a coil '10, with pole pieces 38 embracing a substantial extent of the arc chute. Coil it is connected between contacts 25 and contacts 26.
  • the two magnets are spaced substantially, in the direction of movement of the arc toward the quenching chamber, to provide an arc rectification space 42 defined laterally by fireproof dielectric side plates 43.
  • the rectification space is further enclosed by arcing horns 30 and 33 and by the arc entry ends of quenching elements 34.
  • a phase lag of the field provided by magnet coil relative to that provided by magnet coil 3? is accomplished by conductive plates 4
  • magnetic field of coil 40 has a phase la relative to the field of coil 31.
  • Figs. 6 and '7 illustrate alternative arrangements for effecting the time delay of the main magnetic field.
  • reactive impedance 4? In Fig. 6, reactive impedance 4?,
  • a layer of conductive material such as copper, is disposed around core 39 within the insulation of coil 40, and resulting ohmic currents effect the desired time delay.
  • a magnetic air circuit breaker of the type including a set of main contacts and at least one set of auxiliary contacts successively disengaged during opening of the breaker and a pair of arcing horns extending from the last-disengaged auxiliary set into an arc chute to transfer the are into the chute to effect extinguishment of the arc, one arcing horn being connected to a line terminal, an arc rectification arrangement comprising a first magnet having its pole pieces transversely aligned with the auxiliary contacts and an energizing coil connected between the other line terminal and a set of auxiliary contacts; a second magnet having its pole pieces substantially embracing the are chute and an energizing coil connected in series between the energizing coil of said first magnet and the other arcing horn whereby, when the main contacts are disengaged, said first magnet will be energized to create a field advancing the arc toward the arc chute and, when the auxiliary contacts are disengaged, both said magnets will be energized; said

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US30036A 1947-06-12 1948-05-29 Magnetic blowout circuit breaker for alternating current Expired - Lifetime US2554547A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS270967X 1947-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2554547A true US2554547A (en) 1951-05-29

Family

ID=5451743

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US30036A Expired - Lifetime US2554547A (en) 1947-06-12 1948-05-29 Magnetic blowout circuit breaker for alternating current

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2554547A (fr)
CH (1) CH270967A (fr)
FR (1) FR967564A (fr)
GB (1) GB642628A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2828380A (en) * 1955-03-14 1958-03-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Flux phase shifter and high speed closing with contact construction
US2901579A (en) * 1957-09-12 1959-08-25 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US3054876A (en) * 1958-12-24 1962-09-18 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Magnetic assists for low current arcs

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8506498D0 (en) * 1985-03-13 1985-04-17 Gen Electric Co Plc Circuit breakers

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1511332A (en) * 1920-11-20 1924-10-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Magnetic damper for electric arcs
US2180147A (en) * 1936-07-21 1939-11-14 Gen Electric Electric circuit interrupter
US2381637A (en) * 1942-04-09 1945-08-07 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Arc quencher

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1511332A (en) * 1920-11-20 1924-10-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Magnetic damper for electric arcs
US2180147A (en) * 1936-07-21 1939-11-14 Gen Electric Electric circuit interrupter
US2381637A (en) * 1942-04-09 1945-08-07 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Arc quencher

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2828380A (en) * 1955-03-14 1958-03-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Flux phase shifter and high speed closing with contact construction
US2901579A (en) * 1957-09-12 1959-08-25 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US3054876A (en) * 1958-12-24 1962-09-18 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Magnetic assists for low current arcs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR967564A (fr) 1950-11-07
CH270967A (de) 1950-09-30
GB642628A (en) 1950-09-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2276859A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2243040A (en) Circuit interrupter
US3441800A (en) Electric circuit breaker comprising parallel-connected interrupters
US1927904A (en) Circuit breaker
US2261686A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2554547A (en) Magnetic blowout circuit breaker for alternating current
US2734970A (en) Circuit interrupters
US1819207A (en) Circuit breaker
US2913557A (en) Circuit interrupter
US1533251A (en) Electric switch
US2486127A (en) Air blast electric circuit breaker
US2697154A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2632075A (en) Circuit interrupter
GB1057190A (en) Improvements in electric protective equipment
US2875302A (en) Circuit interrupter
US1796160A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2611058A (en) Circuit interrupter
US3138687A (en) Circuit breakers incorporating a magnetic arc chute with an electromagnet
US1966316A (en) Arc chute
US2916588A (en) Multiple break air magnetic breaker
GB1027786A (en) Improvements in vacuum type electric circuit interrupters
US2648743A (en) Exhaust passage and trap means coextensive with arc runners
US2970196A (en) Circuit interrupters
US2501323A (en) Magnetic blowout circuit breaker
US1816894A (en) Circuit interrupter and magnetic arc extinguishing device therefor