US2568010A - Process for the production of a lining for pressure galleries and shafts - Google Patents

Process for the production of a lining for pressure galleries and shafts Download PDF

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Publication number
US2568010A
US2568010A US746476A US74647647A US2568010A US 2568010 A US2568010 A US 2568010A US 746476 A US746476 A US 746476A US 74647647 A US74647647 A US 74647647A US 2568010 A US2568010 A US 2568010A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
ring
lining
core ring
core
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Expired - Lifetime
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US746476A
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English (en)
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Kieser Alois
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • E02B9/02—Water-ways
    • E02B9/06—Pressure galleries or pressure conduits; Galleries specially adapted to house pressure conduits; Means specially adapted for use therewith, e.g. housings, valves, gates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • Annular partitioning and sealing elements perpendicular to the tunnel axis, are provided in vsaid annular space, for subdividing saidspace into separate zones, which are successively lilled with a material which is allowed to harden under pressure.
  • Fig. l illustrating a pressure gallery in crosssection according to the rst mode at the left without and at the right with a Torkret collar
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of same
  • Fig. 3 the medium top or crest part of Fig. 2, on an enlarged scale
  • Fig. 4 is a section taken in the line A-*A of Fig. 3
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a crest cross-section through the second mode of execution of the pressure gallery wherein the section on the left half of the figure is taken on the line F-F of Fig.
  • Fig. 6 within the range of the "Torkret" collar, and on the right half of the figure outside of said range.
  • the left part of Fig. 6 relates to a section along the line B-B displaced into the crest plane, whilst the right hand part of this figure is a section taken along the line C-C of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. '7 is a moulded or proilated brick as required, seen from above, Whereas the Fig. 8 is a section taken on the line D-D, and Fig. 9 a section taken along the line El-E of Fig. '7.
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a molded zone edge block used in the core ring.
  • a lining b is produced adjacent to the rock a.
  • the concrete utilized for same need not be of a high grade. In solid rocks a minimum thickness of 10-15 cm. will suffice, whilst if the rock is not rigid the lining ring will have to resist the pressure of the soil, and must accordingly be of adequate thickness.
  • the lining ring b can be made of concrete in the usual manner. It is economically advantageous to employ a portable scaliolding iitted with iron shuttering (boarding), the concrete being introduced according to the pumping process. The latter is also advisable as it permits to reduce the thickness of the lining, and consequently the volume of rock to be broken out.
  • the lining ring b encloses an annular hollow c with corrugated iron insets, as customary in trade, made from black sheet, or for barring out iron as constructing material, with corrugated plates made of Eternit (artificial slate), or any other suitable substitute.
  • corrugated iron insets as customary in trade, made from black sheet, or for barring out iron as constructing material, with corrugated plates made of Eternit (artificial slate), or any other suitable substitute.
  • a special design of the corrugated inset e. g. in sernicircular shape tted with ribs perpendicularly located in respect to the gallery axis would considerably simplify the insertion.
  • a core ring e madeof concrete is arranged within the corrugated inset d, the concrete having to be of adequate strength and density.
  • any of the methods hitherto used maybe employed.
  • the fact-that the outer curved wail ofthe tunnel is not formed by the rocks, but byY the lining ring filled with the corrugated inset facilitates the irreproachable production of ahigh gradeconcrete for the core ring calculated in ⁇ conformity' with the principles of statics.
  • Special'economic advantages are realized by introducing the concrete in one casting operation according tothe pumping process.
  • f1 filling grooves g are provided in each zone in the lining ring b.
  • Besides recesses are left open inv suitable .distances in the lining ring b ⁇ so as to warrant themobility of thepacking masses perpendicularly ⁇ to the ribs of the corrugated inset because of the ribs considerably narrowing the cross-section ,of flow in this direction.
  • the .corering- is composed of moulded or profllated ⁇ bricks m made ⁇ of concrete or any other suitable building material, and located close to the lining ring b.
  • the .crown no cor- A ⁇ rugafted. insets are employed whereas in their :stead the -outer i aces of the moulded or prolated bricks are furnished withundulatory ribs n.
  • mortarjoints inthe zplanes perpendicular to the ringgaxis are formed into wedge joints o for self- .tignteningnnder inner pressure.
  • the tightening inHres'pect 4to .the neighbouring zones is effected .hy-the insertion of zone-margin bricks p, the projectionsp of lwhich will contact thelining ring b along the zone margin without leaving any gaps, so that with this mode of design the' tightlining ring.
  • a scaffolding is only required for the vaults wl-iichv consequently are not started ⁇ building before the lower half of the core ring is completed.
  • the crown g of the core ring is furnished with a corrugated iron inset .d'with concrete or pressed mortar.
  • the initiai pressure in the core ring is brought about Vby pressing the necessary quantity of material into .the hollows c and the chambers, bores', grooves, cracks, etc. adjoining which process may rightly be called the packing of the core ring'.
  • the packing or filling is carried out byy -zones by ⁇ way of simultaneouslyV utilizing all filling tubes (pipes) f of one zone wh-ile checking the initial or preliminary pressure actually atta-ined in Vthe --packing ring.
  • I-t is advisable to employ packing masses having hydraulic qualities such asare capable of setting and hardening. In this case the pressure conditions existing at the time of setting are maintained unalterated after hardening provided that no change of temperature occurs.
  • An appropriate lling havin grhydraulicproperties is e. g'. a cement-sandwater mixture of the actually most favourable mixing ratio. This yfill-ing mass-renders necessary a subdivision of the packing process into five individualV phases, viz.
  • phase- High pressure filling and packing by means ofy cement milk or any other appropriate tightening means.
  • This phase follows phase 4 at a certain interval, and is intended to ll hollows left empty by the pressing water in connection to the filling tubes (pipes) in the packing chamber.
  • the packing process described Warrants a sufcient static security againsta high inner pressure or against an outer pressure, if any, even-l tually occurring with the gallery tube discharged.
  • the core ring is in this case imparted anV initial pressure preventing the formation of Atensile strains and, consequently, cracks under the action of the service pressure.
  • the holes i are used which are bored into the rocks through the concrete layer.
  • a tunnel may have an interior diameter of the inner ring i. e. of the tunnel tube proper of 2.40 in. an outer diameter of 2.80 corresponding to a ring thickness of cm. and an initial pressure of 100 m.
  • this gallery may be loaded interiorly with a water pressure of
  • a reinforced Torkret collar r must be inserted, whereby the dimensions of the reinforcing organs s are determined unequivocally by the difference of pressure between the initial pressure actually attained in the course of phase 3, and ascertained by means of pressure verii'lcators and the initial pressure desired.
  • a lining for pressure tunnels comprising an inner core ring, an annular/space enclosing said core ring and filled with a backing up material under initial pressure for exercising on said core ring an initial compressive stress, an outer lining ring between said annular space and the surrounding rock, annular partitioning and sealing elements perpendicular to the tunnel axis in said annular space, for subdividing said space into separate zones, elements for spacing the core ring from' the lining ring at a plurality of points in each zone, and grooves on the inside surface of said lining ring in each zone of said annular space.
  • a lining for pressure-tunnels comprising an inner core ring, an annular space enclosing said core ring and filled with a backing up material ,under initial pressure for exercising on said core ring an initial compressive stress, an outer lining ring between said annular space and the surrounding rock, annular partitioning and sealing elements perpendicular to the tunnel axis in said annular space, for subdividing said space into separate zones, and corrugated iron sheets for spacing the core ring from the lining ring at a plurality of points in each zone.
  • a lining for pressure tunnels comprising an inner core ring which comprises molded blocks having protrusions on their outside surface, an annular space enclosing said core ring and filled with a backing up material under initial pressure for exercising on said core ring an initial compressiVe stress, an outer lining ring between said annular space and the surrounding rock, said protrusions of the molded blocks of the core ring spacing thelining ring from the core ring, and annular partitioning and sealing elements perpendicular to the tunnel axis in said annular space, for subdividing said space into separate zones.
  • a lining for pressure tunnels comprising an inner core ring which comprises molded blocks having protrusions on their outside surface, an annular space enclosing said core ring and filled with a backing up material under initial pressure for exercising on said core ring an initial com- 72 preserve stresse-an onteriliningfringzbetweerrsaid annularfzspacm andfthei-L surroundingrock; said: protrusions of the molded blocks offsthef, verering spacingrthe:dining' ⁇ ring f-romffthe.1 commingv atr a plurality of; points; ⁇ in-:eaohizoneiwan'annular partitioning 'f and 'sealing2 elements,- perpendiculartogthe'ftunnel axis ein;:saidannular spaeeafor.
  • Vspaceinto,4 separate; zones; said an-- nular' i--partitioning.fJandv sealingf elementsV being ⁇ cSJmDOsedof zone.;edge; blocks' of the.' corey ringfhainggspeciai; fpretrusions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
US746476A 1943-07-27 1947-05-07 Process for the production of a lining for pressure galleries and shafts Expired - Lifetime US2568010A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE248412X 1943-07-27
DE300843X 1943-08-30

Publications (1)

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US2568010A true US2568010A (en) 1951-09-18

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CH (1) CH248412A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111811A (en) * 1956-12-15 1963-11-26 Nederlanden Staat Method for the construction of a tunnel or tunnel-part and a tunnel or tunnel-part obtained by pursuing said method
US3750407A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-08-07 W Heierli Tunnel construction method
FR2560634A1 (fr) * 1983-09-07 1985-09-06 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Installation tubulaire souterraine telle que tunnel de circulation, canalisation tubulaire ou analogue, procede de fabrication et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
NL8500493A (nl) * 1984-02-29 1985-09-16 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Een pijpvormige ondergrondse holle ruimte zoals een verkeerstunnel, een pijpleiding of dergelijke, een werkwijze voor de vervaardiging daarvan en een inrichting om deze werkwijze uit te voeren.
US6402427B1 (en) * 1999-12-10 2002-06-11 Peter James Method for reinforcing tunnel linings
US20220120183A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-21 China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR380723A (fr) * 1907-08-07 1907-12-16 Marie Lucien Bailly Nouveau système de cuvelage pour puits de mines
FR489319A (fr) * 1917-05-23 1919-01-22 Christopher Kearton Disposition de muraillement, maconnerie ou revetement pour puits de mines et autres, tunnels, etc.
DE429721C (de) * 1924-06-07 1926-06-01 Paul Braun Dipl Ing Verfahren zum Auskleiden von Druckstollen
DE526167C (de) * 1924-05-24 1931-06-03 A F Malchow Akt Ges Verfahren zum Abdichten von Gebirgsstollen gegen Grundwasser
US2067493A (en) * 1934-08-14 1937-01-12 Universal Hydraulic Corp Membrane lined tunnel and method of constructing same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR380723A (fr) * 1907-08-07 1907-12-16 Marie Lucien Bailly Nouveau système de cuvelage pour puits de mines
FR489319A (fr) * 1917-05-23 1919-01-22 Christopher Kearton Disposition de muraillement, maconnerie ou revetement pour puits de mines et autres, tunnels, etc.
DE526167C (de) * 1924-05-24 1931-06-03 A F Malchow Akt Ges Verfahren zum Abdichten von Gebirgsstollen gegen Grundwasser
DE429721C (de) * 1924-06-07 1926-06-01 Paul Braun Dipl Ing Verfahren zum Auskleiden von Druckstollen
US2067493A (en) * 1934-08-14 1937-01-12 Universal Hydraulic Corp Membrane lined tunnel and method of constructing same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111811A (en) * 1956-12-15 1963-11-26 Nederlanden Staat Method for the construction of a tunnel or tunnel-part and a tunnel or tunnel-part obtained by pursuing said method
US3750407A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-08-07 W Heierli Tunnel construction method
FR2560634A1 (fr) * 1983-09-07 1985-09-06 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Installation tubulaire souterraine telle que tunnel de circulation, canalisation tubulaire ou analogue, procede de fabrication et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
NL8500493A (nl) * 1984-02-29 1985-09-16 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Een pijpvormige ondergrondse holle ruimte zoals een verkeerstunnel, een pijpleiding of dergelijke, een werkwijze voor de vervaardiging daarvan en een inrichting om deze werkwijze uit te voeren.
US6402427B1 (en) * 1999-12-10 2002-06-11 Peter James Method for reinforcing tunnel linings
US20220120183A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-21 China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof
US11499427B2 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-11-15 China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof

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Publication number Publication date
CH248412A (de) 1947-05-15

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