US2575331A - Electronic multiplying device - Google Patents

Electronic multiplying device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2575331A
US2575331A US622978A US62297845A US2575331A US 2575331 A US2575331 A US 2575331A US 622978 A US622978 A US 622978A US 62297845 A US62297845 A US 62297845A US 2575331 A US2575331 A US 2575331A
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tube
tubes
transfer
impulse
denominational
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US622978A
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Justin S Compton
Lawrence D Kilheffer
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NCR Voyix Corp
National Cash Register Co
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NCR Corp
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Priority to US622978A priority Critical patent/US2575331A/en
Priority to GB7859/47A priority patent/GB640513A/en
Priority to FR997976D priority patent/FR997976A/fr
Priority to DE1949977634D priority patent/DE977634C/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
    • G06F7/491—Computations with decimal numbers radix 12 or 20.
    • G06F7/498—Computations with decimal numbers radix 12 or 20. using counter-type accumulators
    • G06F7/4983—Multiplying; Dividing
    • G06F7/4985—Multiplying; Dividing by successive additions or subtractions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a multiplying machine the digit-representing elements of which are electron tubes which are actuated by electric impulses, and particularly pertains to a multiplying machine in which multiplication is achieved by successive Aaddition and by simultaneous entry of product data into one or more denominations of an: accumulator during agivenv stage of operation.
  • the machine operates ⁇ at extremely high speed because it has no moving mass during an operation except those associated with electrons and other electric charges.v
  • the chief units of the machine are a'n impulse generator including multiplicand control keys, a multiplier unit including multiplier control keys, a denominational accumulator, a denominational distributor Vfor relaying and routing impulsesfrom the impulse generator to the pertinent denominations of the accumulator, and a stagecontrol device for correlating the operation of the' multiplier unit and the denominational distributor unit.
  • the accumulator consists of a plurality of denominationalrings of digit-representing gaseous discharge tubes, said rings being arranged in; an ascending order of powers.
  • Each ring has ajtube for each denominational digit, including zero.
  • the tubes of a ring are rendered conducting one at a time in sequence by impulses receivedover a denominational input conductor. Between each two denominations, a transfer tube is provided to cause a transfer of a carryover impulse when the lower denominational ring of the two operates through zero, said Vtransfer being delayed until the responsible multiplicand entry has been completed.
  • Such delayed transfer prevents interference between impulse-genof a number of self-extinguishing ga'sidischarge '45 relay electron tubes arranged in a v square 4of rows and columns, there beinga row-for each 50 Claims.
  • denomination of muliplicand keys in the impulse are provided for each diagonal line of tubes inV the square, and ⁇ these output conductors are connected to the accumulator input conductors so that impulses generated torepresent data Z in a given denomination of the accumulator will be routed there.
  • the impulse generator consists of nine gaseous discharge electron tubes connected in an operative chain series so as to re automatically one after the other from the beginning tube of the series when a firing impulse is given it.
  • each generator tube res, it produces an impulse which is available to each of a plurality of denomination-representing output conductors, each of said conductors being controlled by a corresponding set of nine multiplicand digit keys.
  • the multiplicand factor is set up.
  • Each of these impulse generator output conductors is coupled to all the tubes in a corresponding row of the denominational distributor and receives, for each operation of the set of impulse generator tubes, a number of impulses equal to the value of the operated key in that denominational bank.
  • the stage control unit has in it a number of gaseous discharge tubes equal to the number of columns in the denominational distributor, which number is the same as the number of denominational banks of keys in the multiplier unit.
  • the stage control tubes are rendered conducting in sequence, and conduction in one of the control tubes primes the corresponding column of tubes in the denominational distributor, which priming action persists until that stage of the multiplying operation is completed by the multiplier unit.
  • a column of tubes in the denominational distributor is primed, the advent of an impulse from the impulse generator to any one of those tubes in the primed column fires the tube and relays and impulse on the corresponding diagonal output conductor.
  • the multiplier unit consists of nine gaseous discharge tubes, which are selectively controlled successively by each of a plurality of multiplier denominational key banks, each of such banks representing a stage vof operation. Selective operation of digit keys in the multiplier unit determines how many of the multiplier tubes will firev in a given stage. Each ring of a multiplier tube gives rise to an impulse which res the impulse generator tubes to give them a complete cycle of serial operation. Depending on what key, if any, is depressed in a denomination of the multiplier unit, a corresponding number of the multiplier tubes will re successively in that stage, each firing resulting in a complete operation cycle of the impulse generator.
  • a control tube is red automatically at ,the
  • an impulse is directed to the multipiier unit to iire the next tube in the cycle of the stagein operation..
  • completion of a. particulanstagei operation of the multiplier unit' a tube is automatically red to shift the stage control to another stage control tube, which also commences a new stage operation under control of ythe next higher key bank or"v themultiplierw unit.
  • Mea-ns is provided for. bypassingany mul.-A tiplier key bank in which a. key has. not been.Y depressed.
  • any denominational base may be used. Any number ofikey banks can be used in .eitherf the-.multiplieryunit .orgtheg ⁇ impulse gen- ⁇ erator unit, provided the number ofz stage-.conf trol, tubes and:A denominational distributor; tubes is correspondingly increased; Thenumberof de ⁇ nominational. banks .f inthe accumulatorv may be increased indenitelyV without regard to the remainder of; the device.
  • any delayV causedby increasing theA ⁇ number. of. banks, in the. accum ulator: and thus... increasing; the. delay between cycles of; the impulse; generator; isV inconsiderabie from a; practical viewpoint..
  • ⁇ Thetime taken for amultiplication operation is afunction. of; tliespeeciuof; tube operation and circuitgconditions.- Specific valueswillbe given fory circuit; elements.
  • The; gas; discharge tubes chosenas-.preferred are of' the 20.4 or bDfi-Y type having an argonV gas; contentand. a. grid;V in addition to the anode; and. the cathode, the grid being positioned to cause a tube torewhenz the grid. is about'. 12 voltsnegative. with respect to the cathode when the; anode-cathode potential is about; 1201.*volts.. Under.r thespecied values ci.
  • the speed offthedisclosed device is fast for commercial purposes, it may be increased, iff desired, by. increasing. the -iiring speeds of ⁇ the tubes; it beingfpossibleto increase the speed by a .factorfoi from I ten .topa-hundred, depending on tubes and circuit elementslnow available.
  • the chiefVY advantage 'of their disclosed device over othertypes of: electronic. multiplying de'- vices usingsuccessiveiaddition of unitfrepresenting. impulses; is ⁇ theA elimination. off all. but. nine digit tubes in the multiplier unit and also in the impulse generator. unit, making the device expandable in. digit capacity. without; increase in the numberof multiplier'v and multiplicand tubes.: Another advantage of' this device over what; is. knowna in. electronic .multiplying devices is the@ saving; of time: byrv simultaneous4 entry of data. in more thanionedenomination of theaccumulator. during'. a.. given; entry operation..
  • the device can be used for simple adding by multiplying the number to be added by one.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an electronicmultiplying machine requiring, for the multiplier-factor and also for the multiplicandracton. az-set. of,v tubes equal in number to the.- digits in; ar. denomination of the numerical system'y used;A no.. matter how many denominational'v places either factor.
  • Another object.. of the invention is to provide an electronic accumulator of a plurality off denominational orders with means to delay transfers of .carryover data until after the completion of a; period of ⁇ data. entering..
  • Anothervv object. of; the? invention is: to provide.
  • Another,y objectl of; the invention. is to provide. such. an electronicrmultiplyingmachinecin which the end of a transfer operation initiates the; next. multiplicand. entry..
  • Another object. of thezinventionY is-v to providean electronic multiplying machine. having; data? entering cycles and transfer;v cycles, the: end of'l one type of cycleA initiating theother type.y of
  • Fig. l is a box diagram for. use in correlating the remainder ofthe iiguresbyshowing, theintere c iigure. connections.. Fig. 2.shows .themultiplicand impulse genera.-
  • Fig. 3 shows the. multiplier. unitand the. multi ⁇ The multiplicand; unit Referring toFig; 2; the..Multiplicand"unit”includes v ⁇ ninevv digit-representing grid-controlledgaseous discharge electroxr tubes. numbered: 1, 2;
  • each of these conducting tubes almost immediately becomes extinguished in a manner to be explained.
  • 04 res, its cathode becomes more positive in potential, due to a resistance in each cathode supply circuit, and such rise in potential is used as a positive potential impulse impressed on an associated output conductor, such as conductor
  • 04 is impressed on conductor
  • 05, is connected through a rectier like rectifier
  • 0, are connected by a rectifier like rectifier oriented to pass positive potential impulses from point
  • 0 are provided to prevent dissipation of produced impulses among the nine cathode supply systems.
  • Anode potential is supplied to the tubes of Fig. 2 from a l15vo1t positive source-i
  • 5 is coupled to ground through .5-microfarad stabilizing ca- ⁇ pacitor
  • 04 is connected to point
  • 04 is coupled to ground through 50,000-ohm resistor
  • Each of the cathodes of the digitrepresenting tubes is coupled, as shown with regard to the 9 tube
  • is supplied to input terminal
  • Such impulse comes from the Multiplier unit shown in Fig. 3 and to be described hereafter.
  • the anode supply conductor dips in potential to about 10 volts as the associated cathode-ground capacitor charges, causing the extinguishment of the 1 tube '
  • the 3, 4, 5, 6, '7, 8, and 9 tubes fire successively, each tube as ⁇ it iires extinguishing the preceding tube of the series.
  • 04 then fires, as its grid is connected to point
  • aconductor' such asv con-- ductor;
  • 52 provided with a" plurality of' key switches, in this embodiment three in number
  • 55 represents three 26 iny the units or decimalA denomination 10 and, when' operated, connects conductor
  • 53 connects conductor
  • cycle.- of thefimpulse. generator corresponds toa single entry of the. multiplicand; factor, which is directed .by the .Denominational Distributor of Figa to the-Accumulator of. Figs. 6,-.,7, and 8'by means of terminals.
  • 14 Figs. 1,67a 7, and 8) accordingvto: the.. stage of, the multiplying. operation, which is. determined.
  • impulse. generator 'td give time.v fory transfer. ⁇ of. carry--overfdata
  • the. Multiplicand unitv of Eig.l 2r al1-@f zmwaysstandszready to issue-a selectednumberrof impulses, ,as 1 determined by the-operated Multieplicand4 l:eys,yony each of output. terminals
  • Capacitors like capacitor. before de; scribed, of.001 microfarad slow downk the. opera tion of thisimpulse producerto about IO-,OOUQim-f7 pulsesasecondand. therefore one cycle' of its'.- operation of the ten tubes consumesv aborit.:.001-'. ⁇ 3 of a second.V
  • The. denominational .distributor As stated. before.. the. particular. embodiment.. of this invention discloses three.- multiplicand. u tdienominations and three multiplier denomina ons.
  • 86 represent' the units multir'ilierv denomination
  • 81' represent the tens multiplier denomina.- tion
  • 88 represent the *hundreds* multiplier denomination.
  • these'units; tens, andihunK dred's denominations are termed'stages' LII, and'v III, respectively.
  • 85 represent" thetens ⁇ multiplicand d'f-:mm'iinaj-l tion,I andftubes
  • 88f represent1the units mul'tiplicand" denomination; These have.' been denominated as 102.; 101',v and'1OU'denmina-'-' tions; respectively.
  • 60 is arranged to fire either tube
  • 90 was primed as the impulse Was received on terminal
  • 86 would re and become conducting and in so doing would issue an impulse on diagonal output conductor
  • 81 would re and the output would be on conductor
  • 92 were primed, the tube
  • 93 has only the cathode of ltube
  • 94 has the cathodes of tubes
  • 95 has the cathodes of tubes
  • 96 has the cathodes of tubes
  • 91 has the cathode of tube
  • Each of the Denominational Distributor tubes is arranged in a circuit that makes it self-extinguish if it res, just as was explainedk in cori'- nection with the Transfer Initiator tube
  • 86 is connected to ground by 50,000-ohm resistor
  • the cathode is also coupled to the output terminal
  • 81 are connected to ground through resistor in parallel with capacitor 202, and' coupled to terminal
  • the other cathode connections are similar and can be traced as follows: the cathodes of tubes
  • the anodes of all the tubes in a horizontal row are supplied from the same terminal.
  • 82 are supplied with '15 volts positive potential from source 2
  • 4 is coupled to ground through capacitor 2
  • 1 supplies anode potential to tubes
  • ⁇ 8 supplies anode potential to tubes
  • the grids of all the tubes are normally heavily biased by reason of potential applied from the stage control unit of Fig. 5.
  • 86 obtain their grid bias from I terminal (see also Fig. 5); tubes
  • 81 obtain their grid bias from terminal
  • 88 obtain their grid bias from terminal
  • This normal grid bias is 80 volts negative, but is relieved to 35 Volts negative when in the primed s'tate.
  • 90 changes from 80 volts negative to 35 volts negative, which change is impressed on the grids of tubesv
  • Points like point 220 are coupled tothe associated input conductor. 'Thus, point 220 is coupled to conductor 222 through a .00002-microfarad capacitor 223.
  • Stage control The Stage Control is showny in Fig. 5 and comprises a Start tube 250 and three stage control tubes I, II, and III, numbered 25
  • Start tube 250 is connected to ground through 50,000-ohm resistor 254. Its grid is connected through 50,000-ohm resistor 255 to points 256 and 251. Point 251 is connected on one side through 500,000-ohm resistor 258' to negative 15G-volt supply conductor 259, and on the other side through 350,000-ohm resistor 260, point 26
  • Point 263 is coupled to ground by'.5microfarad capacitor 261 for stabilizing purposes, and point 41l '256 is -coupled ,to .ground by .Ul-microfarad capacitor 26.8.
  • capacitor 258 charges, as key v265 closes, the grid of Start :tube 250 loses con- .tro1,-and the tube res, causing a ypotential rise :fat its cathode which is impressed on point 2?@ through .00005-microfarad capacitor 27H.
  • , 252, and 253 Vreceive .their .potential from point 253 through 3,000-ohm resis- .tor 212.
  • each of .tubes I, II, and III is connected on one side lto .ground through a 15,000-ohm resistor, ⁇ like re- .sistor 213 in parallel with a .ODZ-microarad ca .pacitor,'like capacitor 2N in series with a 1,000- iohm resistor, like vresistor 215, and is connected .on the .other side ⁇ to negative 15G-volt conductor A.25.9 through va, 100,000-ohm .resistonlike resistor .216,.a point like ⁇ point 217
  • the grid of .the II .tube 252 is connected to and receives ,its bias .from point 211, which is relieved when I .tube .25
  • the multiplier factor is set up by closing one key switch in each denominational bank.
  • the Multiplier unit operation is by cycles, each key bank controlling the operation of the digit tubes during one of the cycles by determining Where in the series of nine digit tubes the operation of a cycle commences, and consequently .how many tubes Will operate in that cycle.
  • Thedigit tubes are connected to be operated serially one at a time toward the 9 tube, in response to impulses commonly received by the grids of all Lthe tubes over conductor 320, which originate from the last transfer control tube 32
  • the cathode potential supply circuit of tube 394 has therein a 15,900-ohm resistance which causes it to rise suddenly in potential, and this is conveyed by conductor 321 and .Ooi-microfarad capacitor 328 to a common multiplier output conductor 329, to point 339, and
  • the transfer cycle takes place in the Accumulator, and at the conclusion of the transfer cycle an impulse is impressed on terminal (Figs. 8 and 3), which impulse is impressed through individual capacitors, like .00005-microfarad capacitor 332, onto the grid circuits of all the nine'digit tubes of the Multiplier unit.
  • Each of such tubes grids to near the firing point if the digit tube of next lower value is conducting, and hence such priming causes the positive potential impulse on conductor 329 to fire the 6 tube 395 to the exclu- Y sion of any other of the Multiplier unit digit tubes.
  • tube 398 primes the relay tube 399 by a portion of the cathode rise being conveyed by point 333, resistor 334, point 335, resistor 336, and conductor 331 to the grid circuit of tube 399.
  • the grid of tube 399 is also connected by a .09095-microfarad capacitor 336 to conductor 329, and, upon receipt of an impulse on terminal
  • All of the anodes of ltubes 1 to 9 inclusive are supplied with 115 volts positive potential by being connected to conductor 359, which is connected through 3,500-ohm resistor 35
  • the anode of tube 399 receives potentialy from point 352, and point354 is coupled to ground through .5-microfarad stabilizing capacitorv 351.
  • the cathode of each digit tube is connected to ground on one side through a 15,000-ohm resistor, like resistor 358 associated with the 4 tube, and
  • . is connected to negative 15G-volt supply conductor 359, through a 100,900-ohm-resistor, like resistor 369, a point like point 36
  • each cathode a normal potential of l0 volts negative
  • are connected to the succeeding tubes grid through a 250,000-ohm. resistor, ,likeresistor 363, a point like point 325,
  • are arranged to fire in succession-on the firing of any one of the digit tubes 1 to 9, the ring of tube 3
  • Ihe purpose of the consequent delay : is to permit the stabilization ofthe potentials in the Stage Control and Denominational Distributor units after a denominational shift.
  • 0 receives its potential through3,500ohm resistor 31
  • .0 is fired Vby re- .fceiptfof an impulse through Acapacitor 33
  • cathode ⁇ rise Yin potential is Aimpressed through @resistor 3;11. :point :31.8, and V'.iOO'OO-ohm ⁇ resistor 388 to the grid of tube 3H, after the 'charging :of ⁇ 1101-inicro'farad delay capacitor '389, which rcouples ,point'390'1to ground.
  • the units lor '10 'bank and the -tens for 101 -bankV are vshown-in Fig. 4i5, the hun-- dreds"'orl02"bank-and the'thousands'or 103 bank are-shown -in Figg?, 'and Kt pulps of thousands -or '-104 Vbank Vand the hundreds o thousands or 'i105 bank are Yshovvnin Fig. '8.
  • each tube is connected to ground through a 15,000-ohr ⁇ n resistor like resistor 406 in parallel with a .002-microfarad acapacitor like capacitor 401, and is also connected 'to ⁇ negative supply conductor 408, ⁇ supfplie'dzwit-h 150 volts negative, through Aa 100,000- ⁇ ohm resistorlike resistor 400, fa y point 'like point 410, land a '100,000-ohm resistor like resistor 54H.
  • Pointslike point 410 are connected to the grid of the succeeding tube inthe ⁇ ring 'through va I500,00.0ohmre'sistor .like lresistor 412, Va point 'alike point :413, :and a 'f50,000.ohm resistor 'like l' :resistor 4114'.
  • 3 fare teach vcoupled to "a commoninput Iconductor '4
  • A'switch likeswiteh MS is provided betweenground and the l'gr-id Lof :each TO ⁇ tube, so that, Yupon temporary Aclosing of :the fswitch, the 0 tubewill re vandtbecorne conducting.
  • 'a tube I.becomes conducting 'it f-primes .the grid of the next ⁇ succeeding tube of vtherin'g, ⁇ as a conducting ktubes cathode ;rises inpotential.
  • This relieved bias Y.on thesucceedingtube makes it more susceptible to 'apositive input impulse 'on conductor'iil'l than any other tube ⁇ ofrthering.
  • Circuit 'values given for the f ⁇ Denominational Distributor arelay -tubes '-will Acause 'the 'foutput "from vthem in 'the form of impulses to iire aprimed tube of the Accumulator :butnot an unprinred one.
  • .) ⁇ closes 'thefdenominational ring by connecting the D tube fcathode primingr pointf42'l to the ""51 tubes priming "point .'422.
  • the anode supply A*conductor will temporarily drop .-inpotential as the cathode- :ground capacitor iof "a firing 'tube charges, #while -the cathode :of Athe preceding priming tubes cathode-Egmond capacitor is discharging. This causes a temporary cessation of anode-:cathode potential inthe preceding' tube, extinguishing' it. Thus ainumber of .impulses "impressed on :out-- put conductor 4
  • the data is read 'by 'observing ⁇ the fglow inf the'tubes orby 4.sensing their "condition 'electromechanically, as I.shown "the vUnited ⁇ States patent applicationof JosephRDesch fand Rob- :ert E. Mumma, Serial No.
  • 325,040, ,'led Marcb iIt is arranged 'to 4'have 5a Ytransfer tube '423 re each time v,the 0 1 tube res, indicating vone :full “cycie'of operation of theringfsuchftransfer-tube Alater being :extinguished to "create "animpulseto icause 'a 'step 'of ⁇ operation in Ythe Aring 'of :next 'Phigher denomination.
  • Switches like switch'4l'8 'intheanod'e'supplyiof each T tube are opened before'the vzeroizing switches are 'closed 'to #prevent the "T"tubes'fromiiring After zeroizing :all-of the Accumulator,'thestvitches, like switch ,'4 8, zareliclosed.
  • 4Input :conductor 411 receives 'impulses nfrom "terminal
  • Transfertiibe 42.3 receives #its anode -potential fromfl-volt positive terminal 425, through switch ⁇ 4
  • 'Point 421 is coupled to ground by 1-inicrofarad 'capacitor '420.
  • Iube 423 receives its cathode potential by being connectedthrough'lOOO-ohm resistor430 to ground.
  • the grid of Vtube 423 receives its potential "by being connected throughf50,000'ohm resistor 43 l point 432, and- 500000ohm resistor 433 to point l434, which is connected through 50,000-ohm resistor' -435 to ground on one side, and through conducting, its cathode rises in potential, which rise is transmitted through .Ol-microfarad capacitor 440 and impressed on the cathode of transfer tube 423.
  • tube 423 If tube 423 is conducting, it is by that impulse from tube 439 extinguished, and its anode rises-suddenly in potential, passing on said positive impulse through .0005-microfarad capacitor 44
  • Rectifier 442 is shunted by 50,000-ohm resistor 443.
  • Transfer Control tube 439 obtains its anode potential from 115-volt positive source 445, through 250-ohm resistor 446, point 441, and 4,000-ohm resistor 448.
  • Point 441 is coupled to ground through .1-microfarad capacitor 449.
  • the cathode of tube 439 obtains its potential by being connected to ground through 15,000-ohm resistor 4490 in parallel with .Ol-microfarad capacitor 450, and to negative G-'volt source 45
  • Point 453 is coupled to ground by .002- microfarad delay capacitor 455.
  • the grid of tube 439 obtains its normal bias through 50,000-ohm resistor 455, point 451, and 500,000-ohm resistor 458, which is connected to point 459, grounded on one side through 50,000-ohm resistor 400 and on the other side connected through 250,000-ohm resistor 46
  • Point 451 is connected to terminal
  • transfer control tube 439 fires on receipt of a positive impulse on terminal
  • Tubes 439 and 419 have their anodes connected to the source of potential 445 over a common resistor 448.
  • conduction beginning in either tube 439 or 410 will extinguish the other tube of the pair if it is already conducting.
  • the rise in potential of point 453, as tube 439 iires, is conveyed, after the charge of the delay capacitor 455, to the grid of the 101 banks Transfer Control tube 410, to fire it.
  • Point 453 is the grid bias point for-tube 410.
  • Tube 410 is suppliedv with the same potentials and circuits as is tube 439 and, on being red, extinguishes the transfer tube for the 101 bank if conducting, passing on an impulse to the input conductor of the 102 bank by way of terminal 41
  • the ring of Transfer Control tube 410 for the 101 denominational bank also passes on an impulse over terminal 412 to nre the Transfer Control tube for the 102 denominational bank after a delay capacitor similar to 455 has charged.
  • Input conductor 413 of the 101 denominational bank contains a rectiiier 414 to pass positive potentials only in the direction of the arrow to prevent abextinguished. Such a rectifier is provided in each order except the lowest. Each rectifier such as tube.
  • the 105 denominational bank (Fig. 8), being for overflow purposes only, receiving impulses only from the 104 denominational bank through point 493 and rectifier 50
  • 0 is provided to show how additional overow denominational banks may be added to the Accumulator or how a signal may be made indicating a full Accumulator.
  • the output from the transfer tube of the 105 denominational order is shown by dotted line 490 (Fig. 8) to indicate how transfers may be made to higher orders.
  • 0 is arranged in a self-extinguishing circuit, receiving volts positive anode potential from source 5
  • 3 is coupled to ground through capacitor 5
  • the cathode is connected to ground through 50,000-ohm resistor 5
  • Tube 5 0 is accordingly primed from the 9 tube along with the 0 tube and is red by the same impulse on impulse conductor 492 which fires the 0 tube.
  • 0 along with the 0 tube causes a transfer to a higher overow or causes an overflow signal, if no higher order, to be made without delay when the 0 tube fires.
  • Delay capacitors similar to capacitor 455 in the circuits of the Transfer Control tubes delay the ring of the Transfer Control tubes in the sequence to allow for transfer entries, if they occur, in the various orders.
  • the circuit elements of the Accumulator have been chosen to give it an impulse acceptance rate at approximately twice the rate of production thereof by the Impulse Generator.
  • the Accumulator is zeroized by operation of the zeroizing keys in all orders of the Accumulator after removing anode potential temporarily from the Transfer tubes.
  • the multiplicand factor chosen will be 658, and the multiplier factor chosen Will be 123. These factors are set up on the associated keys and the Start key is closed (Fig. 5), which fires the Start After a short delay, the I Stage Control tube is fired, priming column I of the Denominational Distributor tubes and sending an impulse to the 10o input of the Multiplier u nit '19 (Fig. 3), which is routed through the "3 key switch to fire the 7 tube of the Multiplier unit.
  • the 'firing of the 7 tube iires the two Delay tubes 3
  • This act sends out eight impulses on terminal
  • the Transfer Initiator tube (Fig.
  • the number 206 stands in the Accumulator.
  • the Transfer tubes of the 10U, 101, and 102 denominational rings of the Accumulator are conducting.
  • the Transfer Control tubes are serially operated, first the 10'J transfer tube is extinguished, entering one unit into the 101 denomination, makingV the Accumulator read 216.
  • Transfer Control tube 101 ires,'the 101 Transfer tube is extinguished, sending a unit to the 102 denominational ring, making Vthe Accumulator read 316.
  • the 102 Transfer Control tube is fired, extinguishing the 102 transfer tube, sending a unit tothe 103 denominational ring, making the Accumulator read 1316, which-is the sum of 658 plus A658.
  • the number 658 is entered once morein stage I by reason of the ring of the 9 tube of the Multiplier unit, and the Accumulator after the transfer then reads 1974.'
  • the last tube in the chain of Transfer Control tubes again sends an impulse over terminal to the Multiplier unit, but this time the Stage Control Shift tube309 (Fig. 3) fires and sends an impulse over terminal 292 (see also Fig. 5), which res the stage II tube 252, extinguishing the stage I tube, priming the stage II column of the' Denominational Distributor unit, and delivering an impulse to terminal 29d (Fig. 3), serving the 101 bank of keys of the Multiplier unit.
  • the 8 tube will according lre, firing the delay tubes 3
  • the'stage II column of tubes of the'Denominational Distributor are primed, and the impulses are accordingly routed to the 101, 102, and 103 denominations of the Accumulator.
  • the Stage Control unit shi-fts to stage III, wherein the 102, '103, and
  • the Start key may now 'be opened, and all of the tubes except those in the Accumulator representing the product data-will bein extinguished condition.
  • the device isv now Vreadyfor another multiplying operation, which may be performed with or without returning the Accumulator to Zero.
  • the disclosed device is-not to be deemed limited to the exact tubes, circuit elements, and time constants specified, as they are but illustrativeof one embodiment of the invention.
  • a tens transfer device vfor an Velectric impulse counting device oi the type which isoperable by impulses from an impulse source and includes a plurality of denominational input conductors for receiving electric impulses from the input Source and an electron vtube counting ring coupled to each input conductor, said rings each Aincluding a tube for each denominational digit Vincluding -zero, the combination of a trans/fer electron tube coupling a lower vdenominational ring to th'enext higher denominational ring; circuits supplying operating potentialfor each of said transfer tubes and connecting them tothe lower associated ring sofas to be rendered conductingv when the -said lower rings pass through-Zero'and coupling them to the input conductor of the next higher denominational ring ata point so as to pass on an electric impulse to it when said transfer tube becomes extinguished an extinguishing electron tube for each transfer tube; means connecting the extinguishing tubes in an operative chain from the lowest denominational order to the highest so that, lif conduction is commenced
  • Vtransfer means ⁇ coupling each two Aadjacent denominational accumulator elements to lform a totalizer, said transfer means being 'each conditioned when one of the associa'ted denominational ⁇ accumulator elements passes rthrough Azero so as" t'o be later lactuable to carry a unit of data tothe other denominational accumulator elements associated therewith;
  • r transfer operating Lcontrol 'means operable to a's'zaesr affect each transfer means in succession from one end of the totalizer to the other to actuate the conditioned transfer means serially; means actuated by the differential means upon completion of a cycle of operation thereof to start an operation of the transfer operating control means; and means actuated by the transfer operating control means upon the completion of the operation thereof to initiate another cycle of operation of the differential means.
  • a plurality of denominational elements differentially operable cyclically through zero differential means selectively operable in cycles to operate selected denominational elements to enter data therein; transfer means coupling the adjacent denominational elements to form a totalizer, said transfer means being each conditioned when one of the associated denominational elements passes through zero so as to be later actuable to carry a unit of data to the other denominational element associated therewith; transfer operating control means operable to aiect each transfer means in succession from one end of the totalizer to the other to actuate the conditioned transfer elements serially; means actuated by the differential means upon the completion of a cycle of operation thereof to start an operation of the transfer operating control means; and means coupled to the transfer operating control means and to the differential means and actuated by the transfer operating control means upon completion of an operation thereof to initiate another cycle of operation of the diiferential means.
  • a multiplying device the -combination of a totalizer including denominational carry-over transfer means operable at the conclusion of an entry of data into the totalizer tc make accrued transfers, said transfer means issuing a signal at the conclusion of its operation; data entering means coupled to the totalizer, said entering means being actuable in cycles to enter in a cycle a selected factor into the totalizer and including a control signal generating means operable at the conclusion of an entering cycle; means for applying the control signals to the transfer means to cause an operation thereof; and means operable under control of the first-mentioned signal to initiate a cycle of operation of the data entering means, said means being selectively settable to respond to the end of transfer signal a number of times as selected, and including means operable to initiate a cycle of operation of the data entering means upon each response.
  • a multiplying device the combination of a totalizer equipped with transfer means conditioned during a data entering cycle and actuable later to cause accrued transfers and to issue a signal; a data entering device coupled to the totalizer and actuableiin cycles to enter a selected factor into the totalizer and afterward to initiate an operation of the transfer means to actuate the conditioned transfer means; and a means coupled to the data entering device to actuate the data entering device a selected number of times in steps and also connected to the transfer means whereby the signal issued at the end of a transfer operation causes a step of operation of said data entering device actuating means.
  • a plurality of gaseous discharge electron tubes constituting a first group, each having at least an anode, a cathode, and a control element; means supplying anode-cathode potential and normally controlling control element bias potential to each of said tubes;
  • a tens transfer device for a totalizer of the type which is made up of denominational elec- -tron tube counting units and having an input means for each unit, the combination of a transfer electron tube for each unit; connections between each transfer tube, a potential source, and a certain tube of the associated unit so that said transfer tube for a unit is rendered conducting each time said certain tube of the associated unit is rendered conducting; means connecting a point in each transfer tubes potential source connections to the input means of another unit to form said units into a series, each time a transfer tube is rendered non-conducting there being an impulse created and impressed on the input means of said otherunit; and means operative to cause in a serial manner the extinguishment of those transfer tubes that are conducting at a given period of time.
  • a tens transfei ⁇ device for a totalizer of the type which is made up of a plurality of denominational groups of electron tubes operable step by step to accumulate amounts, there being in each group an input means and a tube for each digit in the denomination and a zero tube, the combination of a transfer electron tube for each group; means to supply operating potential to the transfer tubes; means coupling the zero tube of a group to the associated transfer tube so that conduction commencing in the zero tube causes the associated transfer tube to become conducting; means connecting the groups of tubes together in a seriesby coupling the transfer tube of one group to the input means of the group next in the series; and means coupled to the transfer tubes and, when operated, applying an extinguishing action to each transfer tube in turn, beginning at the rst of the series, any of lsaid transfer tubes, when extinguished, impressing an impulse on the input means of the next group to operate the next group a step.
  • a plurality of denominational electron tube counter rings arranged in ascending orders, each ring being operable cyclically through zero by positive electric impulses; an input conductor for each counter ring; positive impulse generating relay devices connected to each input conductor, the connection to each input conductor above the lowest order being through a rectier which passes only positive electric impulses to the input conductor; a transfer positive impulse generator unit associated with each counter ring, each of which transfer generators is coupled to its associated ring to be conditioned to create a positive electric impulse each time the associated ring passes through zero means connecting the transfer generator for a counterring to theinput conductor for, the
  • mengsel next. higher orderthroughaa rectifier.; oriented: to pass rpositive. electricdmpulses onlynthe direction of said input conductor: otnext higheraorder, said rectiers Lpreventing. ⁇ dissipation. of i, relayproduced electric impulses .1 in .the transf er generator .or viceversa; :andme'ans to'actuate :the relay .devices and ther-conditioned.: transfer .generators at4 different times.
  • Y means connecting each transfer tube .
  • an: operating :potentialcircuit which includes meanswhich, lwhenthetube passes from a conducting state toarnori-.conductingfstate, givesriselto a positivepotentialimpulse ⁇ at an impulsepointz in the circuit; means connecting each transferr tube to its vassociatediunit so-that the transfer.
  • a tens dtransfer device foranraccumulator of ⁇ the'type which is made upfofapluralitylof cyclically operable denominational units operable in response toY impulses 'to accumulate amounts and having-aninput conductor for each unit; the combination of a ⁇ transfer 'electron tube foreach unit; -an operating potential Vsupply :circuit for eachtransfer tube,V said ycircuit including'smeans which, whenA the tube passes from asconducting state toa non-conducting state,Y gives rise 'to a positive potential impulsefatair-impulsepoint in the Icircuit means connecting each transfer tube toits associated v-unit' to tbe controlledftherebyso that ⁇ theetransfer tube is rendered conducting 24 oncey each cyclefofoperation of the.
  • a tens transfer device for a totalizerofrthe type whichis made up'of aplurality-of cycli'callir operable denominational ⁇ groups of tubesvoperable to accumulate amounts in response taimpulses applied thereto and having an input conductor foreach group of tubes, the combination of a'transfer electrontube for each group;zan operating potential supply circuit for each transfer tube including means which, when the transfer'tube passes from a conducting state to a nonconducting state, gives rise to a positive potential impulse at an impulsepoint in the cir-cuit; means connecting each transfer tube to ⁇ its associated group tobe controlled thereby-so that the transfer'tube is rendered conducting once each ycycle of operation'of the group; means coupling the impulse point in the transfer tube operating ciicuitA of each transfer tubeitothe input conductor of another groupto form-an'operative chain of the groups, so that the vextinguishrnent ofconduction in a transfer vtubepasses Von an operation-inducing electric
  • cathode of itsassociated transfer tube to pass an extinguishing impulse to the transfertubeeachtime the extinguishing tubebecomes conducting; means connecting .the extinguishingelectron tubes in an operative chain wherein the condition of conduction in a tube of the extinguishing chain of tubes automatically renders the next tube conducting to cause the tubes yto operate serially; yand means coupled to the first tube of the extinguishing chain to start conduction in the rstof the extinguishing tubes to initiate the sequential operation of the chain.
  • each itransfer tube having at least an anode, a cathode, iand a control member; meansl coupling Vthe-,anode cfr the;.transferA tube of 1ai'denomination-alluring: to: the input; means of the: next higher denomination;- :means supplying eaclrtransferttube withxanodeecathode potential and :ar'normally :controlling controle/member potential, .said means including aresistance inieacb.

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US622978A 1945-10-18 1945-10-18 Electronic multiplying device Expired - Lifetime US2575331A (en)

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US622978A US2575331A (en) 1945-10-18 1945-10-18 Electronic multiplying device
GB7859/47A GB640513A (en) 1945-10-18 1947-03-21 Improvements relating to calculating apparatus
FR997976D FR997976A (fr) 1945-10-18 1947-06-06 Dispositif ou machine à multiplier
DE1949977634D DE977634C (de) 1945-10-18 1949-05-06 MuItipliziergerat

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US2641407A (en) * 1949-06-18 1953-06-09 Ibm Electronic multiplier
US2648835A (en) * 1945-04-19 1953-08-11 Ncr Co Electronic impulse generator
US2672553A (en) * 1949-06-18 1954-03-16 Ibm Electronic circuit
US2697551A (en) * 1945-04-19 1954-12-21 Ncr Co Data indicating means
US2770415A (en) * 1951-12-03 1956-11-13 Clary Corp Read-out and radix conversion apparatus for electronic computing apparatus
US2790599A (en) * 1951-02-27 1957-04-30 Electronique & Automatisme Sa Electronic digital adder and multiplier
US2800277A (en) * 1950-05-18 1957-07-23 Nat Res Dev Controlling arrangements for electronic digital computing machines
US2863604A (en) * 1951-10-04 1958-12-09 Bull Sa Machines Electronic calculator for multiplication and division
US2895672A (en) * 1954-01-15 1959-07-21 Ibm Electronic multiplying system
US2923472A (en) * 1953-11-25 1960-02-02 Ibm Arithmetic unit using magnetic core counters
US2970762A (en) * 1953-02-02 1961-02-07 Standard Coil Prod Co Inc Interpolating device
US3006548A (en) * 1957-01-11 1961-10-31 Buchungsmaschinenwerk Veb Electronic multiplying arrangements
US3022950A (en) * 1955-10-21 1962-02-27 Dirks Gerhard Electronic computing means
US3031139A (en) * 1957-08-03 1962-04-24 Spingies Erwin Electronic computer for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in the decimal system
US3034721A (en) * 1956-06-06 1962-05-15 Buchungemaschinenwerk Karl Mar Electronic multiplying arrangement in combination with a mechanically actuated bookkeeping machine
US3084285A (en) * 1955-07-01 1963-04-02 Toledo Scale Corp Pulse generator for electronic multiplier
US3253132A (en) * 1962-11-01 1966-05-24 American Mach & Foundry Register system
US3308280A (en) * 1963-11-12 1967-03-07 Philips Corp Adding and multiplying computer
US3513303A (en) * 1964-03-21 1970-05-19 Bell Punch Co Ltd Desk calculator for performing addition,subtraction,multiplication and division
DE977721C (de) * 1952-12-23 1975-11-06 Ibm Deutschland Magnetischer Trommelspeicher, insbesondere fuer Rechengeraete

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US1848106A (en) * 1926-11-23 1932-03-08 Tabulating Machine Co Key adding device for tabulating machines
US2176932A (en) * 1931-10-30 1939-10-24 Addressograph Multigraph Electrical calculating machine
US1982020A (en) * 1931-11-10 1934-11-27 Ibm Tabulating machine
US2346616A (en) * 1940-05-13 1944-04-11 Ncr Co Multiplying machine
US2310105A (en) * 1941-04-16 1943-02-02 Gen Electric Counter circuit
US2402988A (en) * 1941-05-23 1946-07-02 Ibm Accounting apparatus
US2354768A (en) * 1941-08-25 1944-08-01 United Shoe Machinery Corp Electrical counter
US2401621A (en) * 1941-12-31 1946-06-04 Ncr Co Electronic accumulator
US2404697A (en) * 1942-03-21 1946-07-23 Ncr Co Calculating device
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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648835A (en) * 1945-04-19 1953-08-11 Ncr Co Electronic impulse generator
US2697551A (en) * 1945-04-19 1954-12-21 Ncr Co Data indicating means
US2641407A (en) * 1949-06-18 1953-06-09 Ibm Electronic multiplier
US2672553A (en) * 1949-06-18 1954-03-16 Ibm Electronic circuit
US2800277A (en) * 1950-05-18 1957-07-23 Nat Res Dev Controlling arrangements for electronic digital computing machines
US2790599A (en) * 1951-02-27 1957-04-30 Electronique & Automatisme Sa Electronic digital adder and multiplier
US2863604A (en) * 1951-10-04 1958-12-09 Bull Sa Machines Electronic calculator for multiplication and division
US2770415A (en) * 1951-12-03 1956-11-13 Clary Corp Read-out and radix conversion apparatus for electronic computing apparatus
DE977721C (de) * 1952-12-23 1975-11-06 Ibm Deutschland Magnetischer Trommelspeicher, insbesondere fuer Rechengeraete
US2970762A (en) * 1953-02-02 1961-02-07 Standard Coil Prod Co Inc Interpolating device
US2923472A (en) * 1953-11-25 1960-02-02 Ibm Arithmetic unit using magnetic core counters
US2895672A (en) * 1954-01-15 1959-07-21 Ibm Electronic multiplying system
US3084285A (en) * 1955-07-01 1963-04-02 Toledo Scale Corp Pulse generator for electronic multiplier
US3022950A (en) * 1955-10-21 1962-02-27 Dirks Gerhard Electronic computing means
US3034721A (en) * 1956-06-06 1962-05-15 Buchungemaschinenwerk Karl Mar Electronic multiplying arrangement in combination with a mechanically actuated bookkeeping machine
US3006548A (en) * 1957-01-11 1961-10-31 Buchungsmaschinenwerk Veb Electronic multiplying arrangements
US3031139A (en) * 1957-08-03 1962-04-24 Spingies Erwin Electronic computer for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in the decimal system
US3253132A (en) * 1962-11-01 1966-05-24 American Mach & Foundry Register system
US3308280A (en) * 1963-11-12 1967-03-07 Philips Corp Adding and multiplying computer
US3513303A (en) * 1964-03-21 1970-05-19 Bell Punch Co Ltd Desk calculator for performing addition,subtraction,multiplication and division

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DE977634C (de) 1968-02-29
FR997976A (fr) 1952-01-14

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