US2575962A - Titanium alloy - Google Patents
Titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2575962A US2575962A US187822A US18782250A US2575962A US 2575962 A US2575962 A US 2575962A US 187822 A US187822 A US 187822A US 18782250 A US18782250 A US 18782250A US 2575962 A US2575962 A US 2575962A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- iron
- aluminum
- carbon
- strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001040 Beta-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
Definitions
- This invention relates to alloys of titanium, and contemplates certain high-strength ternary alloys comprised chiefly of titanium and including as alloying ingredients minor proportions of aluminum and iron.
- the present invention comprises the discovery that the addition of certain fractions of iron to titanium-aluminum alloys produces a substantial increase in strength while maintaining acceptable ductility. These properties have been found in alloys containing from 2.5% to 7.5% aluminum and from 1% to 5% iron. They may be prepared from either commercial titanium or high purity titanium. However, when the commercial product is used its content of such contaminants as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon must be relatively low. This is particularly true of nitrogen. A nitrogen content greater than about 0.05% causes embrittlement. Oxygen can be tolerated, and is actually beneficial up to an amount of at least 0.1%. The presence of some carbon is beneficial, but the carbon content should not exceed about 0.3%.
- alloys of this group the best combination of strength and ductility is developed when the alloys are annealed at a temperature which is within the alpha-beta field, and preferably relatively high in this field, say 850 C., and are slowly cooled from the annealing temperature.
- a typical metallographic structure is one of equiaxed alpha grains and intergranular beta. Iron being a beta stabilizer, the beta content tends to increase with the iron content. Some carbides may be present, carbon being soluble in alpha titanium to an amount of at least 0.25%, but less soluble in beta titanium. Quenching from such a temperature as 850 0., or higher, increases the proportion of the beta constituent, and tends to cause brittleness. Subsequent aging tends to precipitate small particles of the alpha phase from the beta phase, with an increase in hardness and further loss of ductility.
- Typical of the alloys of this invention is one containing 5% aluminum, 2.5% iron, and 0.25% carbon.
- the alloy When slow cooled, after annealing about 3 hours at a temperature of 850 0., the alloy has a proportional limit of 110,000 p. s. i., a 0.2% oifset yield strength of 133,000 p. s. i., an ultimate strength of 150,000 p. s. i., an elongation in 1 of 11%, a bend radius of 1.2 times its thickness, and a surface hardness of 399 Viclrers.
- An alloy containing 5% aluminum and 1% iron, after annealing at 850 C., has a proportional limit of 72,400 p. s. i., a 0.2% offset yield strength of 81,000 p. s. i., an ultimate strength of 97,500 p. s. i., an elongation in 1" of 17%, and a surface hardness of 306.
- the addition to this alloy of 0.25% carbon increases the proportional limit to 114,000 p. s. i., the 0.2% offset yield strength to 119,000 p. s. i., the ultimate strength to 128,000 p. s. i., and the surface hardness to 356; elongation remaining unchanged.
- a binary alloy of titanium with 5% aluminum has a proportional limit of 43,000 p. s. i., a 0.2% offset yield strength of 63,000 p. s. i., and an ultimate strength of 79,000 p. s. i. It is thus seen that the addition of iron produces a substantial increase in strength with a ductility adequate for a wide variety of structural uses.
- An alloy consisting essentially of from 2.5% to 2 .5% aluminum, from 1% to 5% iron, from 0.01% to 0.30% carbon, balance titanium.
- An alloy consisting essentially of from 2.5% to 7.5% aluminum, from 1% to 5% iron, from 0.01% to 0.30% carbon, not over 0.05% nitrogen, balance titanium.
- An alloy consisting essentially of 5% aluminum, 1% to 5% iron, 0.01% to 0.30% carbon, balance titanium.
- An alloy consisting essentially of 5% aluminum, 2.5% iron, 0.25% carbon, balance titanium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 20, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TITANIUM ALLOY ware No Drawing. Application September 30, 1950, Serial No. 187,822
4 Claims. 1
This invention relates to alloys of titanium, and contemplates certain high-strength ternary alloys comprised chiefly of titanium and including as alloying ingredients minor proportions of aluminum and iron.
The binary alloys of titanium and aluminum have been disclosed elsewhere. It is known that fractions of aluminum less than about 2.5% do not have a material strengthening effect on titanium, and that fractions over about 7.5% adversely affect ductility. The optimum combination of strength and ductility which can be secured in binary titanium alloys is satisfactory for many uses but barely meets the requirements of other uses.
The present invention comprises the discovery that the addition of certain fractions of iron to titanium-aluminum alloys produces a substantial increase in strength while maintaining acceptable ductility. These properties have been found in alloys containing from 2.5% to 7.5% aluminum and from 1% to 5% iron. They may be prepared from either commercial titanium or high purity titanium. However, when the commercial product is used its content of such contaminants as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon must be relatively low. This is particularly true of nitrogen. A nitrogen content greater than about 0.05% causes embrittlement. Oxygen can be tolerated, and is actually beneficial up to an amount of at least 0.1%. The presence of some carbon is beneficial, but the carbon content should not exceed about 0.3%.
In alloys of this group, the best combination of strength and ductility is developed when the alloys are annealed at a temperature which is within the alpha-beta field, and preferably relatively high in this field, say 850 C., and are slowly cooled from the annealing temperature. A typical metallographic structure is one of equiaxed alpha grains and intergranular beta. Iron being a beta stabilizer, the beta content tends to increase with the iron content. Some carbides may be present, carbon being soluble in alpha titanium to an amount of at least 0.25%, but less soluble in beta titanium. Quenching from such a temperature as 850 0., or higher, increases the proportion of the beta constituent, and tends to cause brittleness. Subsequent aging tends to precipitate small particles of the alpha phase from the beta phase, with an increase in hardness and further loss of ductility.
Typical of the alloys of this invention is one containing 5% aluminum, 2.5% iron, and 0.25% carbon. When slow cooled, after annealing about 3 hours at a temperature of 850 0., the alloy has a proportional limit of 110,000 p. s. i., a 0.2% oifset yield strength of 133,000 p. s. i., an ultimate strength of 150,000 p. s. i., an elongation in 1 of 11%, a bend radius of 1.2 times its thickness, and a surface hardness of 399 Viclrers. An alloy of the same composition but with the addition of 0.1% oxygen, under the same conditions, has a proportional limit of 131,000 p. s. i., a 0.2% ofiset yield strength of 146,000 p. s. i., an ultimate strength of 155,000 p. s. i., an elongation in 1 of 10%, bend radius 2.5 T, surface hardness of 4.24. An alloy containing 5% aluminum and 1% iron, after annealing at 850 C., has a proportional limit of 72,400 p. s. i., a 0.2% offset yield strength of 81,000 p. s. i., an ultimate strength of 97,500 p. s. i., an elongation in 1" of 17%, and a surface hardness of 306. The addition to this alloy of 0.25% carbon increases the proportional limit to 114,000 p. s. i., the 0.2% offset yield strength to 119,000 p. s. i., the ultimate strength to 128,000 p. s. i., and the surface hardness to 356; elongation remaining unchanged.
A binary alloy of titanium with 5% aluminum has a proportional limit of 43,000 p. s. i., a 0.2% offset yield strength of 63,000 p. s. i., and an ultimate strength of 79,000 p. s. i. It is thus seen that the addition of iron produces a substantial increase in strength with a ductility adequate for a wide variety of structural uses.
What is claimed is:
1. An alloy consisting essentially of from 2.5% to 2 .5% aluminum, from 1% to 5% iron, from 0.01% to 0.30% carbon, balance titanium.
2. An alloy consisting essentially of from 2.5% to 7.5% aluminum, from 1% to 5% iron, from 0.01% to 0.30% carbon, not over 0.05% nitrogen, balance titanium. V
3. An alloy consisting essentially of 5% aluminum, 1% to 5% iron, 0.01% to 0.30% carbon, balance titanium.
4. An alloy consisting essentially of 5% aluminum, 2.5% iron, 0.25% carbon, balance titanium.
ROBERT I. JAFFEE. HORACE R. OGDEN. DANIEL J. MAYKUTH.
No references cited.
Claims (1)
1. AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FROM 2.5% TO 7.5% ALUMINUM, FROM 1% TO 5% IRON, FROM 0.01% TO 0.30% CARBON, BALANCE TITANIUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US187822A US2575962A (en) | 1950-09-30 | 1950-09-30 | Titanium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US187822A US2575962A (en) | 1950-09-30 | 1950-09-30 | Titanium alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2575962A true US2575962A (en) | 1951-11-20 |
Family
ID=22690613
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US187822A Expired - Lifetime US2575962A (en) | 1950-09-30 | 1950-09-30 | Titanium alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2575962A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2666698A (en) * | 1951-07-24 | 1954-01-19 | Mallory Sharon Titanium Corp | Alloys of titanium containing aluminum and iron |
| US2691578A (en) * | 1951-04-12 | 1954-10-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Iron-molybdenum titanium base alloys |
| US2758922A (en) * | 1951-08-07 | 1956-08-14 | Mallory Sharon Titanium Corp | Alloys of titanium containing iron and vandium |
| US2810643A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-10-22 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Titanium base alloys |
| DE1142445B (en) * | 1953-11-26 | 1963-01-17 | Crucible Steel International S | Use of titanium alloys to make parts that remain ductile after welding |
| DE1179006B (en) * | 1952-12-18 | 1964-10-01 | Crucible Steel Internat | Titanium alloys |
| US3405016A (en) * | 1956-04-11 | 1968-10-08 | Crucible Steel Co America | Heat treatable titanium base alloys and method |
| US6001495A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-12-14 | Oregon Metallurgical Corporation | High modulus, low-cost, weldable, castable titanium alloy and articles thereof |
| US6531091B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-03-11 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Muffler made of a titanium alloy |
| US20060172819A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | Sri Sports Ltd. | Golf club head and method manufacturing the same |
| US20150184272A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-07-02 | Beijing University Of Technology | Low cost and high strength titanium alloy and heat treatment process |
-
1950
- 1950-09-30 US US187822A patent/US2575962A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2691578A (en) * | 1951-04-12 | 1954-10-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Iron-molybdenum titanium base alloys |
| US2666698A (en) * | 1951-07-24 | 1954-01-19 | Mallory Sharon Titanium Corp | Alloys of titanium containing aluminum and iron |
| US2758922A (en) * | 1951-08-07 | 1956-08-14 | Mallory Sharon Titanium Corp | Alloys of titanium containing iron and vandium |
| DE1179006B (en) * | 1952-12-18 | 1964-10-01 | Crucible Steel Internat | Titanium alloys |
| US2810643A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-10-22 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Titanium base alloys |
| DE1142445B (en) * | 1953-11-26 | 1963-01-17 | Crucible Steel International S | Use of titanium alloys to make parts that remain ductile after welding |
| US3405016A (en) * | 1956-04-11 | 1968-10-08 | Crucible Steel Co America | Heat treatable titanium base alloys and method |
| US6001495A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-12-14 | Oregon Metallurgical Corporation | High modulus, low-cost, weldable, castable titanium alloy and articles thereof |
| US6531091B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-03-11 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Muffler made of a titanium alloy |
| US20060172819A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | Sri Sports Ltd. | Golf club head and method manufacturing the same |
| US7621824B2 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2009-11-24 | Sri Sports Limited | Golf club head |
| US20150184272A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-07-02 | Beijing University Of Technology | Low cost and high strength titanium alloy and heat treatment process |
| US9828662B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2017-11-28 | Beijing University Of Technology | Low cost and high strength titanium alloy and heat treatment process |
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